MODERN ADMINISTRATION BLOCK FOR TUMAINI INSTITUTE

BY

NJOROGE RAHAB NYARUIRU

INDEX NO: 5151020474

THIS PROJECT IS SUBMITTED TO THE KENYA NATIONAL EXAMINATION

COUNCIL IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF DIPLOMA IN BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

MASAI TECHNICAL TRAINING INSTITUTE

JULY/AUGUST 2023
 DECLARATION
I do hereby declare that this is my original work and has not been submitted for award of
diploma in any institution.

Students Name: Njoroge Rahab Nyaruiru

Index No 5151020474
Sign………………………………………………………………

I confirm that the work reported in this proposal was carried out by the candidate under my
supervision.

Supervisor Name: Mr. Mathenge

Signature ………………………………………………………………….
Date…………………………………………………………………………
DEDICATION
I dedicate this project to both of my parents for unwavering support and motivation all through.
I also dedicate to my brother who stood with me all along.
This project is also dedicated to my very determined and supportive project supervisor for the
assistance and guidance. Also, to all lectures involved and to the entire Masai Technical
Training Institute fraternity for the provision of resources and conducive environment till the
completion of this project.

Thanks to all my friends and classmates for staying and supporting me till the end.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
My utmost sincere gratitude goes to the almighty GOD for his unending love and care
throughout the entire period. Also, for the good health and enabling to learn and have
knowledge to be able to accomplish the task.

My dear parents also had a very huge role in supporting me morally, spiritually and financially
in order to successfully complete the proposed trade project in time and without any fatigue. My
siblings’ efforts won’t go unappreciated this is due to their restless support and sacrifice in
terms of time and financial support.

Mr. Mathenge also had a very phenomenal effect in his guidance in our preparation for the write
up of the proposed trade project. His words of inspiration and direction will not go unnoticed.

To my friends and colleagues and other protocol for their enormous mutual support in the
completion of the project. Their ideas and encouragement and their useful criticism made my
project even more success. May almighty GOD bless you abundantly?
 ABSTRACT

Proposed administration block at Tumaini institute

The proposed administration block is to be constructed in front of the existing administration
block measuring 13567 and 13000s from the current one which is 14206 and 18466 and is too
small with squeezed space which causes commotion during office working hours and can
cause infection spread during these covid 19 pandemic session. The research will also help to
control the commotion and interference of students and the three principals due to
communication between the students and the students finance and registrar admission. The
project will be in the school compound and it will be supervised by I as the contractor, they
will get the material from the local people around the region since there is plenty of materials
within the locality. The craftsmen, skilled and unskilled laborer’s will also come from within
the region will help the locality to earn a source of income to support their families.
The project addresses the following units:
I. Surveying
II. Soil mechanics
III. Architectural design and drawings
IV. Structural and drawings
V. Measurement of building works
VI. Soil organization and administration

The proposed office is a story building which will have both a ram and stairs that will help
both disable and able people access the office on their own. According to space our current
offices are also very small which is squeezed with all the office facilities and some are kept
due to insufficient space hence requires enlargement. The newly proposed block will allow that
since it will be a two-story building. It will allow the principal and their deputies to have their
own offices and wash rooms in addition with wresting room for the principal.
The current office also has a low angle of elevation which allows too much heat during high
temperatures hence the office holders working under uncontrolled temperatures. Therefore,
the proposed office will have the standard angle of elevation which is required to control the
temperature. The office will also have standard windows that allow sufficient light to pass
through and light the room during the day to avoid use of power during the day which is
costly and expensive. Since the current administration block is having gullshet irons which
transmit heat will be replaced by tiles which don’t allows heat to pass through. The proposed
structure also has lighting arrestors which is good during lightening and helps to control
thunderstorm that may cause death to human beings and interferences with the structure itself
hence renovation which is very expensive.
Contents
DECLARATION..................................................................................................................................................2
DEDICATION.....................................................................................................................................................3
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT....................................................................................................................................4
ABSTRACT.........................................................................................................................................................5
1.0 CHATER ONE: INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................9
1.1BACKGROUND INFORMATION................................................................................................................9
1.1 PROBLEM STATEMENT..................................................................................................................10
1.2 PROJECT OBJECTIVES....................................................................................................................11
1.3 PROJECT OBJECTIVES.............................................................................................................................12
1.4 LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIOS USED............................................................................13
2.0 CHAPTER TWO..........................................................................................................................................14
LITERATURE REVIEW...................................................................................................................................14
3.0 CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY.....................................................................................................15
3.1 SURVEY......................................................................................................................................................15
3.1.1Reconnaissance Survey..............................................................................................................................15
3.1.2 Chain survey..............................................................................................................................................17
3.1.2 Leveling.....................................................................................................................................................17
3.1.3 Contouring.................................................................................................................................................17
3.1.4 LEVELLING: FIELD SURVEY DATA .................................................................................................18
CONTOUR A........................................................................................................................................................19
CONTOUR B.........................................................................................................................................................19
3.1.5 SOIL MECHANIC....................................................................................................................................20
SOIL INVESTIGATION...................................................................................................................................20
3.1.6 PAVEMENT AND DRAINAGE DESIGN..............................................................................................25
3.1.6.1 PAVEMENT DESIGN...........................................................................................................................25
3.1.6.2 DRAINAGE WORK..............................................................................................................................25
3.1.6.2 Floor.......................................................................................................................................................26
3.1.6.3 Windows.................................................................................................................................................26
3.1.6.4 Ventilation..............................................................................................................................................27
3.1.6.5 Ceiling....................................................................................................................................................27
3.1.6.6 Maintenance...........................................................................................................................................27
3.1.6.7 Reception................................................................................................................................................27
3.1.6.8 Balcony...................................................................................................................................................27
3.1.7.1 Lightening..............................................................................................................................................28
3.1.7.2 Hygiene..................................................................................................................................................28
3.1.7.3 Safety Measures.....................................................................................................................................28
3.2.0 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN AND DRAWINGS..................................................................................29
3.2.1 MEASUREMENTS..................................................................................................................................30
3.2.2 BILL OF QUANTITIES...........................................................................................................................42
3.3.0 SITE ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION..............................................................................59
3.3.1 Introduction...............................................................................................................................................59
3.3.2 Site layout and planning............................................................................................................................59
3.3.4 Safety.........................................................................................................................................................59
3.3.5 Site accessibility........................................................................................................................................60
3.3.6 Security......................................................................................................................................................60
3.3.7 Information signs.......................................................................................................................................60
3.3.8 Offices.......................................................................................................................................................60
3.3.9 Water supply and sanitation......................................................................................................................60
3.3.9.1 Storage and site cleaning........................................................................................................................60
3.3.9.2 SCHEDULE OF WORK........................................................................................................................61
3.4 REFERENCE...............................................................................................................................................64
1.0 CHATER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1BACKGROUND INFORMATION

❖ Infrastructure refers to the basic physical organization of structure needed

to help in operation of a society or an enterprise including the services and
facilities necessary for an economy to function .it can basically be defined
as the basic facilities and installations the help a government, institution or
community to run
❖ Due to the rising population there is need to improve on facilities in order
to cub the problem of congestion hence the need for a bigger student
center which is essential for the economy development
1.1 PROBLEM STATEMENT

It is due to the rising of population in the college, there has been need improving
all l the facility to accommodate the fast growing development. The current
available administration block could no longer accommodate or serve the rapid
rising of population, hence need for creation of single block, well-design
administration block unlike the old scattered on

10
1.2 PROJECT OBJECTIVES

 The main and major goal of the project is to test the students ‘process and
ability to apply their gained knowledge after three years of studying
diploma in building technology into real world. Both theoretical and
practical knowledge is needed to be put into in order for the success of the
trade project
 To make detailed drawings and specifications of the proposed parking structure.

 To carry out structural design of a reinforced concrete student center in

accordance to BS 8110 and any other standard specifications if need to be
 To come out with a final neat and well organized trade project document.

11
1.3 PROJECT OBJECTIVES
The main and major goal of the project is to test student prowess and ability to apply
their gained knowledge after three years of studying diploma in architecture into real
world. Both theoretical and practical knowledge is needed to put into action in order for
the success.

12
1.4 LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIOS USED
LL: liquid limit
PL: plasticity limit
PM: plasticity modulus
ML: millimeter
WT: weight
%: percentage
NO: number/order
No: number/units
Dia: diameter
Hr.: hour
Deg c: degrees centigrade
STN: station
BS: back sight
FS: foresight
RL: reduced level
LS: linear shrinkage
MC: moisture content
CBR: California bearing ratio
OMC: optimum moisture content

13
2.0 CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW

INTRODUCTION
Generally, Administration Block requires a large area of floor space. Engineering
consideration tend to be the primary drivers for the solution of this type of structure
construction. Due to the population in the country and globally there is need to improve
infrastructure both to accommodate the rising population and to develop facilities into the
current modern design.
The Kenya vision 2030 which is in line with the MDGs, is the national long-term
development blue-print that aims to transform Kenya into a newly industrializing, middle-
income country providing a high quality of life to all its citizens by 2030 in a clean and secure
environment.
Among the pillars of the vision is deploying world class infrastructure and facilities. The
government of Kenya started an initiative to achieve the vision.
2030 documents and sensitization of people of Kenya are done by partners of Kenya in vision
2030. This was done to ensure that Kenyans understood the vision, goals, and the expected
outcome in order to own the process and implement the medium-term plans and vision 2030.

14
3.0 CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY

3.1 SURVEY
I adopted grid method as the method of taking survey points and also during coming up of
contours. This is because it is easy and most comprehensive considering the availability of
survey equipment’s which had to be shared in groups.
Survey had to be carried out in order to;
 Conduct the necessary field survey work to determine the best alignment.
 Carry out engineering survey on the chosen alignment in order to obtain data for the
design of horizontal and vertical alignment.

Survey procedures carried out were

a) Reconnaissance survey
b) Chain survey
c) Leveling
d) Contouring

3.1.1Reconnaissance Survey
This activity was carried out on forth of October 2020 by a team which included:
i. The cavities carried out included:
ii. Site selection
iii. Marking of obstacles
iv. Noting of obstacles
v. Pre-existing features identification
vi. Running the survey lines
vii. Site selection

15
 i. Marking of obstacles
Being selected as the team leader I lead my team to sight to be able to identify obstacles that
may hinder the process of survey work.

ii. Noting of obstacles

Identified obstacles were noted down for easy re identification during the process of survey
and also to be able to find alternative methods and lines of sight without obstruction.

iii. Pre- existing features

Features such as ant hills shall be removed. Also trees will need to be cut down in order to
allow easy construction of the structure.

iv. Running the survey lines

The survey lines started from the east our base line was from the eaten ends and runs across
north wards. The survey lines run through 20points.the grid was made up of grids measuring
20by 20 meters on a 100m-by-100m piece of land.

v. Taking notes
All my team member’s each had to take note on the procedures. The materials needed were
 Field book
 Pencil
 Tape measure
 Ranging rods
 Dumpy level
 Staff
 Pegs

16
Challenges faced
 Misunderstanding among the colleagues since some of them are not familiar with the
survey method used.
 Early tiresomeness among colleagues hence lack of constructions.
 Unfavorable weather condition hot sun and strong winds.
 Lack of experience in reading dumpy level among members hence taking a lot of time.

3.1.2 Chain survey

Linear measurements were taken using a tape measure. A skeleton form work was made
consisting a number of lines forming regular shaped squares on the proposed sites. The
intervals between lines were 20m and the whole proposed site was 100m square.

3.1.2 Leveling
The grids were established on the day of chaining this was 20m by 20m.they were marked
using wooden pegs. During level the dumpy level was used to take readings on leveling staff
at each point on grid. An assumed datum of 1200m was used to calculate reduced levels all
20points.the field level was taken as in table 1.

3.1.3 Contouring
After reducing the levels on each of the grid points at the intersection the levels were then put
into excel format in systematic manner to help in coming up the contours using AutoCAD.

17
3.1.4 LEVELLING: FIELD SURVEY DATA .

STATION B.S I.S F.S H.I R.L T.B.M

2.630 1802.630 1800.00 T.B.M
A 1.581 1801.049
A1 1.555 1801.075
A2 1.486 1801.144
A3 1.486 1801.461
A4 1.169 1801.410
A5 1.220 1801.449
B 1.181 1801.550
B1 1.080 1801.653
B2 0.977 1801.755
B3 0.875 1801.685
B4 0.945 1801.807
B5 0.823 1801.709
C 0.921 1801.827
C1 0.803 1801.850
C2 0.780 1801.930
C3 0.700 1802.011
C4 0.619 1801.845
C5 0.785 1801.830
D 0.800 1802.395
D1 0.235 1802.450
D2 0.180 1802.125
D3 0.505 1802.001
D4 0.629 1802.001
D5 0.819 1801.811
E 0.014 1.004 1801.64 1801.626 C.P.1
E1 1.033 1801.607
E2 1.175 1800.465
E3 1.199 1800.441
E4 1.675 1799.965
E5 0.663 1800.977
F 0.780 1800.860
F1 0.711 1800.929
F2 0.865 1800.775
F3 0.988 1800.652
F4 0.900 1800.740
F5 0.850 1800.790

£ £F.
B.S= S=
2.64 1.8
4 54

18
Out of the results obtained from the field survey. Leveling is to be achieved through cut and fill
technique regarding the contour map obtained.

The highest R.L

=1801.461

Lowest R.L
=1800.790
Difference in reduced levels
=1801.461-
1800.790
=0.671

No of contours to be drawn
=5
1st-1800.500
2nd-11800.600
3rd--1800.700

CONTOUR A

POINT1:
1800.500-1800.790
=0.29
1782.245-1787.970=0.275
(0.29/0.671) (9.00)=3.88

CONTOUR B
1800.600-1801.790
=1.19

19
3.1.5 SOIL MECHANIC

SOIL INVESTIGATION
This is aimed at determining the characteristics of the soil at the proposed site in order to carry
out soil test.
Samples are taken from various parts of the site in order to get the correct data to be used in
design which is used in geotechnology laboratory.
Soil sampling was done from different trial pits. The tools used include;
i. Two spades.
ii. Tamping rod
iii. Moisture bags.

The following soil tests were conducted;

a) Sieve analysis (grading).
b) Plasticity index.
c) Moisture content test (proctor).
d) Bearing capacity test.
Purpose of soil test.
 To provide with the necessary data in order to come up with a structurally safe and
economical structure.
 To come up with the best construction methods.
 To be able to predict any possibilities of challenges and how to deal with them.
 To be able to classify soil according to their appearance and physical characteristics.

a) Sieve analysis (grading)

Purpose: to determine the grain size and distribution in soils.

20
Apparatus;
 Riffle box
 Weighing balance
 Assorted sieve sizes.
 Pan.

Procedure;
i. The sample is passed through the rifle box to obtain the required quantity.
ii. Weigh the sample to be sieved.
iii. The sample is soaked in a solution containing 2grms of sodium hexameter phosphate
for 24hrs.it is then washed and left to dry.
iv. The sieves are then assembled in descending order.
v. The dry sample is placed on top most sieve followed by shaking of the sieves.
vi. The weights of retained samples through each sieve size is taken.
vii. A graph of percentage retain against sieve size is plotted and then checked ageist
speciation given.
b) Plasticity index
The purpose of this test is to determine the plasticity of fine soil.
Apparatus
Casagrande.
Grove
Wash bottle.
Glass plate.
Weigh balance.
Palette knifes
Pestle and mortar.
Trough
Receiver
Sieve-425 um

21
Procedure
 Sample is crushed using pestle and mortar and then passed though the sieve,
 Water is added to the sample on the sieve and mixed thoroughly using pellet knife on
the glass plate to form a uniform paste.
 A portion of the collected material is placed in the Casagrande which is then grooved
leaving a gap at the center.
 The sample in the Casagrande is then heat with the specified number of blows till the
grouped portions meet.
 A portion of the wet sample for each number if blows is taken for a moisture
determination.
 For shrinkage limit the sample is heat though 25blows then placed in 140ml long trough
and air dried for 24hrs.the length of dried sample is measured for the shrinkage limit
determination.
 For plastic limit the sample of 50th blow is used after drying to make rolls that are used
in moisture content determination.
 The higher the number of blows the lesser the amount of moisture thus soil is added to
the wet sample on the glass plate with proper mixing.
 A graph of moisture content against the number of blows is then plotted to determine
liquid limit.

c) moisture content test(proctor)

Purpose: to determine optimum moisture content maximum dry density of the soil.

Apparatus
i. Sieve 20
ii. Mould, base plate and collar
iii. Measuring cylinder
iv. Rammer (2.5kg for field)
v. Weighing balance
vi. Straight edge chisel
vii. Mixing plate
22
Procedure
 2500g of the sample passed through sieve 20 is weighed.
 Using the measuring cylinder, the lowest amount of water is added to the sample the
mixed to achieve homogeneous product.
 2.5rama s used with the Sample placed in 3 layers with 27 blows in each layer.
 The collar is then removed from the mould and excess material trimmed using straight
edge.
 The sample is then weighed plus the mould and the base.
 A portion of the compacted sample is taken for moisture content determination.
 The above process is required with different amount of water till the optimum moisture
content is achieved.

d) Bearing capacity test (CBR)

The purpose of this test is to determine the strength and stability of the soil material for
pavement construction.
It involves penetration of a molded soil sample with cylindrical plunger at a constant
1mm/min.
The force corresponding to penetration of 2.5mm and 5.0mm are used to determine the
strength and stability of the soil.
OMC and MDD and that were obtained in proctor test are used to calculate mass of the wet
soil and dry soil and water content required.

Mass of wet soil =0.95x23.0xMDDx (OMC+100)

1000
Dry soil= (wet soil+500) (PMC+100)
100
Amount of water= (PMC-OMC) x dry soil
100

23
Apparatus
i. Mixing plate.
ii. Mould, base plate and collar.
iii. Weighing balance.
iv. Measuring cylinder.
v. Spacer disc
vi. Swell disc.
Procedure
 Using the obtained proctor result, weigh the dry sample and measure the amount of
water then mix to obtain a wet material.
 Take a portion of the wet material for moisture content determination.
 From the proctor result calculation, weigh the required material to be mould.
 For dynamic method, three moulds are used placing the material in 3 layers compacting
each layer with 62 blows for the first mould, 25blows for the 2nd and 10 blows for the
last mould.
 In static method, the wet material is placed in CBR mould then using a jack, the
material is compressed in the mould.
 Placing a swell disc on top of the mould, the initial swell readings are taken.
 Place the mould in water for 4 days in case of neat materials.
 After soaking the final swell readings are taken.
 The mould is left to drain then placed on CBR penetration machine penetrating the top
and bottom. The penetration readings are taken at intervals of 0.25 up to 5.00.
To obtain the strength, the values at 2.50mm and 5.00mm are multiplied by the ring factor
for both the top and bottom then average.

Compaction factor=dry density x 100

MDD

24
3.1.6 PAVEMENT AND DRAINAGE DESIGN

3.1.6.1 PAVEMENT DESIGN

The pavement design of the access roads to the parking structure is to the transport
standard.
Pavement design is done according to road design manual part III (material and design for
new roads

Design factors
Climate factors.
Traffic
Drainage

3.1.6.2 DRAINAGE WORK

The main aim of the drainage pattern in the prosed site is to ensure that the rain water and
surface water is removed from the site so that the rain water and surface is removed from the
site so that it cannot affect the parking pavement and the compound in general.

Design of an economical channel.

The principle used was the wetted perimeter maximum discharge depends on the wetted
perimeter, given the co-efficient of roughness and slope.

25
 Manning roughness coefficient

Chanel material Roughness coefficient

Metals 0.010-0.024
glass 0.009-0.013
Concrete 0.011-0.017
Wood 0.012-0.016
Clay 0.013-0.016
Gravel 0.020-0.033

Drainage area Impermeability

Concrete/bitumen surface 0.8-0.9
Gravel/macadam surface 0.4-0.7
Base 0.4-0.7
Impervious soil 0.3-0.6
Slightly pervious soil 0.2-0.4
Pervious soil 0.1-0.3
Wooden area 0.1-0.3

The rainfall intensity obtained from the meteorological department of Kenya is 120mm per
hour

3.1.6.2 Floor
 Mastic asphalt should be provided to reduce the penetration of water to the floor of building.
 Sand screed 15mm thick
 Floor finish are made terrazzo in 1:3 mix


3.1.6.3 Windows
Steel casement windows clear glass and obscure
Stairs
Reinforcement concrete mix 1:2:4
Tread - 250mm
26
 Rise – 150mm
Waist – 150 mm
Baluster – 10000mm
Landing -1200mm

3.1.6.4 Ventilation
 Building has enough windows which are well position in direction to allow sufficient
natural light to entire
 There are also natural ventilation in sense of a permanent ventilation (PV)

3.1.6.5 Ceiling
 Suspended type at ceiling 12mm thick Celotex.
 Boards and 50x50 soft wood branding T&G

3.1.6.6 Maintenance
Maintenance of the building is given top priority so that the building functions in accordance
with the approved standards. The responsibility is handed over to specialized groups.

3.1.6.7 Reception
A reception and information counter attended by trained and experienced personnel is placed
near the main entrance.

3.1.6.8 Balcony
An extravagantly specious balcony with atmosphere of comfort and convenience makes the
difference. The flood of light from the panel glass surrounding brings high quality to the
balcony.

27
3.1.7.1 Lightening
Lighting arrangements are fixed in the entire building and are designed to ensure functional
excellence.

3.1.7.2 Hygiene
The Administration block is cleaned and organized for efficiency. Scientific and hygienic
methods are used in working and for the washing of the entire Administration block.

3.1.7.3 Safety Measures

Fire extinguishers are put in place and there is an emergency fire exit. Having access to
outside

28
3.2.0 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN AND DRAWINGS

29
3.2.1 MEASUREMENTS

30
T D S DESCRIPTION

SUBSTRUCTURE

ALL PROVISIONAL

1.Site clearance (m2)

L W

33.299 25.00

Add allowances

2/0.20 2/20

33.69 25.04

Add working space

2/1.00 2/1.00

35.69 27.04

35.69 Clear site of all bushes and shrubs including small trees and bush on
site.
27.04
2.Excavation of top soil(m2)

L W

33.29 25.00

Add foundation spread 2/0.20 2/0.20

Add 2/0.5 2/0.5

34.69 26.04

31
34.69 Excavate vegetation soft top soil 200mm depth and deposit 2km away
from site.
26.04

Trench excavation

Calculation of the girth

External perimeter 2(33.29+25.00)=116.58

Internal perimeter 2(33.25+24.96)=116.42

Mean girth = (116.58+116.42) L W

2 =116.50 0.60

Add working space 2/0.30 = 0.60

Less stripping 0.15

1.05

Excavate trenches for foundation 1.5m depth not exceeding 1.50mm

116.50
from the level and return fill and run .
1.20

1.05

Concrete building

Width =0.60

32
 Length =116.5

50mm thick concrete 1:4:8 blinding in strip foundation (Ditto

*0.05)3return and fill

Add L.C.A* 0.063

5.Formwork in foundation (m2)

L *h

2 116.5 116.5*0.20

Sawn formwork to side of concrete in foundation.

0.20
6. Concrete in foundation

L w h

116.5 0.6 0.20

Vibrate reinforced concrete 1:2:4 in strip foundation and ditto return

and fill and add load carry away.

7. Foundation Walling

L W

116.5 1.20

Less striping 0.05

1.15

Less foundation footing 2/04

Less top soil excavation 150

33
 1.15 0.80

400mm thick natural stone foundation well bedrock and jointed CSM
14 and ditto.
1.15
8.Sides of foundation wall
0.80
Protect sides of excavation by plucking and strutting protects sides of
excavation by from water by boiling and pumping.

9.Laying of hardcore

L w

33.299 25.00

Less walling 2/0.2 2/0.2

33.25
33.25 24.96
24.96
400mm thick hardcore from approved quarry in layers of 150mm

10. Murram blinding

50mm thick stone dash or sand blinding on hardcore to remove the

slab.

Treatment

L W

33.29 25.00

Insecticide treatment to blinding surfaces

34
 33.29 Dpm(m2)

25.00 500 gauge dpm on stone dust blinding and BRC mash size A142 ,in
slab CSM 1:4

2 33.29
Formwork (Lm)
2 25.00
Sawn formwork to sides of slab 100mm * 175mm high

Slab( m2)

100mm thick reinforced concrete slab in 1:2:4(20mm)aggregates.

Dpc(Lm)

200mm wide mineral finish dpc of black bituminous paint

Plinth

-height of concrete-100mm

-height of foundation wall-100mm

-clearance of seal dpc

-total height 250mm

12mm thick CSM 1:4 to plinth proper and apply of black bituminous
paint to rendered surfaces.

35
T1bars (Lm)into Kgs

L W

33.29 25.00

Add hooks 2/0.05 2/0.05

33.29 25.10

Less cover 0.10 0.10

33.29 2500

12mm2 twisted bars and spaces blocks *0.888 to change into Kgs.

T10bars(lm)

No of long side 33.29 divide by size of spacer block then add 1

33.29+1

0.888

=37.49+1

=37.50

33.29+1

0.02

=166.75

36
 Width

No of short distance

25.00+0.04=25.04 + 1

0.02

=1253 numbers

Length on T10 bar

600mm(0.6m)

2 16.28/0.0 Less cover 0.1m(100mm)

6
100mm twisted bar including tying wire add spacer block*0.617kg
1.9536 150.36* 0.617 =93kgs
2
125.3/0.0
6

150.36

37
 Reinforcement(kgs)

8mm diameter bars

Ditto but 10mm diameter

4895 Ditto but 12mm diameter

994 Ditto but 16mm diameter

33717 Provide BRC mesh

6586 Ref No 142

Formwork ( lm)

L W

33.29 0.02

Sawn formwork to vertical sides of column

33.29 Roof covering (m2)

0.02 Length of not along gutter internal length 10.00 of wall

Add wall 2/0.2=0.4

=10.40

26 gauges pre-painted corrugated iron sheet screwed on purlins.

Roof construction

2/10.40 Rafters

75mm*50mm rafters

50mm*50mm struts and ties

38
 Purlins(lm)

Length of purlins -11.00

100mm*50mm*3mm second grade cypress timber purlins nailed to

timber trusses.

Rain water goods

Gutter(lm)

2/1 100mm diameter downpipe fabricated from gauge 24 plain sheet fixed
to wall with holder bolts .Allow for painting and fair finishing to
satisfaction of the architect.

Sawn neck

Extra over for gauge 24 swan necks of 100mm long and prepare and
apply 3 coats of oil paint.

Shoe (No)

Extra over downpipe shoe 100mm long and prepare and apply 3 coal
of oil paint to external surfaces 100mm girth.

2/1

39
DOORS(No 35)

FRAME(LM)

100mm*50mm cypress frame with three labours hinged to natural

stone walling and prepare and prime back of frame before fixing
100mm -200mm girth

Architrave(lm)

Quatrant(lm)

2700*2=5400

1000

6400mm

45mm *38mm architrave nailed to timber door frame with two labour
and 25mm*25mm cypress quadrant fillet nailed to timber frame.

Hinges (pairs)

100mm pressed steel butt hinges nailed or screwed to timber frame

and leaf.

40
 Windows

Preamble supply assemble and fix the following standard section

casement window with approved flat bugler proofing finished with
one coat red oxide primer to complete with polished brass windows
stays and handles standards pressed metal permanent vents as
necessary ,filled with copper mosquito gauze including
cutting ,pinning and building in cement and sand mortar.

3.2.2 BILL OF QUANTITIES

ITEM DESCRIPTION QTY UNIT RATE AMOUNT

ELEMENT NO. 01

SUBSTRUCTURE

A Excavation 510 SM
Clear site of all grass, bushes and
small trees grab up their roots
and remove all arising debris as
directed on site.

B Excavate to remove vegetable 504 SM

41
 top soil average 200mm deep
and cart away
C Excavate trenches for strip 120 CM
foundation not exceeding 1.5
meters from reduced level
D Excavate for column base not 92 CM
exceeding
1.mm from reduced level
E Backfilling 100 CM
Return, fill and rum selected
excavated materials around
foundations

F Disposal of Excavated Materials 80 CM

Remove and cart away surplus
excavated materials

G Plunking and Strutting 1 ITEM

Allow for plunking and strutting
to all sides of excavation
including keeping excavation
free from fallen materials
H Disposal of Water 1 ITEM
Allow for keeping the whole of
exaction free from all water
include for draining or otherwise
keeping all works free from
water.
I Hardcore Filling 150 CM
Approved Hardcore bed hand
packed, well-watered and
compacted laid in layers of
150mm thick.

J 50mm selected fine materials to 504 SM

hardcore surfaces, well rolled
and leveled to receive concrete
K Anti-termite treatment 504 SM
Apply TERMIDOR or any other
42
 similar and approved anti termite
chemical treatment on blinded
surface.

L Damp Proof Membrane 504 SM

500mm gauge polythene
sheeting with sides and end laps
as described laid on blinded
surface
Carried to collection

ITEM DESCRIPTION QTY UNIT RATE AMOUNT

ELEMENT NO. 2
RC SUPERSTRUCTURE

Vibrated Reinforced concrete

grade
15/20 (1;2;4) in;

23 CM
A Columns

25 CM
B Ring beams

Sawn soft wood formwork to;

320 SM
C Sides and soffits of beams

290 SM
D Vertical sides of Columns

High tensile square twisted steel

reinforcement as:

43
 986 KG
E 8mm diameter bars

2890 KG
F 16mm ditto

TOTAL FOR ELEMENT NO.2

CARRIED TO SUMMARY

ITEM DESCRIPTION QTY UNIT RATE AMOUNT

ELEMENT NO. 3

WALLING

Hessian based 3ply felt bituminous

dpc
A 200 mm wide 135 LM 150

Smooth chisel dressed natural

stonewalling in cement and sand (1;
4) mortar reinforced with and
including 25x3mmthick hoop iron in
every alternate course.
674 SM 1500
B 200 mm thick external walling

42 SM 1500
C Ditto internal walling

Precast Concrete grade 20 including

formworks, finishing fair on all
44
exposed surfaces and hoisting and
placing in position, betting, jointing
and pointing in
cement and sand (1;4) mortar;
reinforced with and including
two12mmdiameter mild steel bars
hooked attends.
Permanent Ventilation
ITEM DESCRIPTION QTY UNIT RATE AMOUNT

ELEMENT NO.4

ROOFING AND RAIN WATER

DISPOSAL

Covering

The following in resin coated

sheets as manufactured by MRM
or other equal and approved
manufacturer as
described;

A 28 gauge IT5 profile sheets of 520 SM

approved color and fixed
75mmx50mm cured purlins (m/s)
with 150mm end and side laps
B 320mm diameter half round 34 LM
matching ridge cap
C 200mm matching hip cover 40 LM
D 200mm diameter matching valley 13 LM
cover

Carpentry

The following sawn cured

cypress timber trusses nailed
connections, spanning 3000 to
4000mm wide, hoisting
45
 3m above ground level
E 100mmx75mm timber rafters 346 LM
F 100mmx50mm timber tie beam 323 LM
G 100mmx50mm struts or ties 520 LM
H 100mmx50mm King posts. 45 LM

The following in sawn cured

cypress;

I 15Ommx50mm wall plate rag 150 LM

bolted at
1200mm centers with
J 15Ommx50mm Ridge board 30 LM
K 100mmx50mm hip and valley 40 LM
rafters
L 75mmx50mm purlins 250 LM

The following in rot cypress

M 200mmx25mm thick fascia board

Roofing (continued)

Carried to collection

ITEM DESCRIPTION QTY UNIT RATE AMOUNT

Roofing and Rain water
Disposal
(continued)

RAIN WATER GOODS

46
 24gauge galvanized mild steel
metal sheeting.

A Ditto but for 100mm diameter 17 NO

outlet

B 100mm diameter 4mm thick - LM

downpipes with and including
fixing metal clips

C Extra over downpipe for sawn 17 NO

neck
1200mm long

Decorating and Painting

Knot, stain prepare and apply

three coats crown vinyl matt or
other equal and approved paint
to;
D Surfaces of timber 200 to 110 LM
300mm girth

Carried to collection

COLLECTIONS

FROM PAGE RN/6

FROM ABOVE

TOTAL FOR ELEMENT NO.4

CARRIED TO SUMMARY

47
ITEM DESCRIPTION QTY UNIT RATE AMOUNT
ELEMENT NO.5
DOORS
Galvanized Mild Steel casement
doors Fabricate, deliver and
install heavy duty grill members,
purpose made steel casement
doors to comply with BS
990,obtained from approved
manufacturer primed with red
oxide primer before delivery to
site complete with
100mmx50mmx3mm frame,
hinges,
handles, catches assembled and
fixed to openings including
cutting and pinning lugs to
concrete or block work surround
and bedding frame in cement and
sand(1;4) to architects approval
A 1200mmx2800mm 1 NO
Purpose made steel cement
glazed panel door standard Z
B 1500mmx2800mm 2 NO
Timber Doors
Flush Doors as BS 459 part 2;
48
C 45mm Thick solid core flush 13 NO
door size
900mmx2100mm overall
Rot cypress or other equal and
approved

D 150mmz50mm; 2no. Labors 5 LM

plunged door frame.
E 45mmx38mm architrave 5 LM
F 25mmx25mm molded quadrants 5 LM
Iron Mongery

Supply and fix the following as “

assabloy” catalogue or other
equal and approved .to
softwood ,hardwood or the like
fix with screws or raw bolts;

G Two lever door mortise lock with 1 NO

lever furniture REF 680-06-
95AS with martin handle
H 300mm diameter D handle 1 NO
I 100mm pressed steel but hinges 1 PR
To Concrete or Block work;
fixing with bolts; plugging
J Rubber door stop complete with 1 NO
38mm raw bolt
Glazing

6mm thick glazing to metal 2 SM

surfaces in panes 0.50-
1SM;obscured sheet glass panes
to metal surfaces; fixing with
putty
Carried To Collection

ITEM DESCRIPTION QTY UNIT RATE AMOUNT

49
 DOORS (CONTINUED)

Paintings and Decorations

Prepare and apply one coat
etching primer one undercoat
and two coats gloss oil pain to
crown solo or other equal
approved to:

A General Surface of metal: over 10 SM

300mm girth

Aluminum primer or other equal

and approved wood primer
before fixing:

B Prepare and apply three coats 4 LM

wood preservatives to backs of
timber frames exceeding 100mm
but not exceeding 200mm girth.

Prepare and apply three coats

polyurethane varnish onto
veneered surfaces
C General surfaces of timber 4 SM

Carried to collection

COLLECTIONS

FROM BW/8

FROM ABOVE

TOTAL FOR ELEMENT NO.5

50
 CARRIED TO SUMMARY

ITEM DESCRIPTION QTY UNIT RATE AMOUNT

ELEMENT NO.6

WINDOWS

A 200mmx25mm precast window 4 LM

sill bedded and jointed
The following in rot cypress

B 225mmx25mm pelmet top 4 LM

C 125mmx25mm pelmet fascia 4 LM
D 225mmx25mm window board 4 LM
E 50mmx50mm bearer plugged 4 LM
F 225mmx100mmx25mm pelmet 4 NO
box ends
G Aluminum curtain rail 6 LM
Supply, assemble and fix the
following purpose made steel
casement windows: standard
metal section from approved
manufacturer complete with
frames, transoms, mullions and
including
permanent ventilators comprising
„T-bar, gauzed and 16-gauge
sheet metal hoods. 50mm high
50mm projection to full width of
window, coupling mullions,
approved Iron monger and one
coat manufacturer’s primer: all
welding ground to smooth finish.
Glazing with putty, lug to jambs,
cutting and pinning to concrete
or block works, fixing to head
and sill with screws, plugging:
51
J Window overall size 14 NO
200mmx1500mm

Glazing
4 SM
K 4mm thick clear glass sheet in
panes 0.501.0m

Carried to collection
ITEM DESCRIPTION QTY UNIT RATE AMOUNT
WINDOWS (continued)

Painting and decoration

Prepare and apply three coats oil
paint full gloss to crown solo or
other equal and approved metal
works.

A General window surfaces over

300mm girth internal 4 SM
B General window surfaces over
300mm girth external 4 SM
Aluminum Primer or other equal
and approved wood primer
before fixing
C Surfaces, 200mm-300mm girth 2 LM
D Surfaces not exceeding 200mm 2 LM
girth
Prepare and Apply three coats
polyurethane clear vanish on
wood work internally
E Surfaces 200mm-300mm girth 2 LM
F Surfaces not exceeding 200mm 2 LM
girth
52
 Carried to collection

ITEM DESCRIPTION QTY UNIT RATE AMOUNT

ELEMENT NO.7

FINISHES

External wall finishes

Render: 15mm thick, 2no. coat

work of cement and sand 1:4
wood floated to:
A Beams 160 SM

B Walls 678 SM

Extra Over walling for smooth

chisel dressing with flush
pointed and recessed horizontal
joints to:

C Walls 525 SM
Backings

D 15mm thick wood floated 65 SM

cement sand 1:4 backing wood

Prepare and apply one undercoat

and three finishing coats of first
grade silk vinyl emulsion paint
as per „Crown Berger‟ or other
and approved to:

E Rendered beams 160 SM

F Rendered Walls 678 SM

53
 Internal Wall Finishes

Plaster, 15mm thick two coat

cement sand 1:4 plaster
G Walls 70 SM

Paintings and Decorations

Prepare and Apply one undercoat
and
two finishing coats

H Plastered walls 130 SM

ITEM DESCRIPTION QTY UNIT RATE AMOUNT

FINISHES (CONTINUED)

CEILING FINISHES

Approved sawn cypress treated

softwood, second grade pressure
impregnated.

A 50mmx50mm brandering both 300 LM

directions at 600mm centers.

Soft board

B 12mm thick gypsum boards fixed 450 LM

with screws on brandering (m/s)
including metal grid work: joints
skimmed with gypsum plaster
including forming and curved
54
 cuttings: patterns to architects
approval

Cornice

C 75mmx25mm curved gypsum 90 LM

cornice plugged, all to architects
approval

Painting and decorations

Prepare and apply one undercoat
and two coats of first grade plastic
emulsion paint to:

D Ceiling Surfaces 450 SM

E Timber surfaces not exceeding 90 SM

100mm girth

Carried to collection

COLLECTION

FROM BW/12

FROM ABOVE

TOTAL FOR ELEMENT

NO.7CARRIED TO SUMMARY

55
 SUMMARY

DESCRIPTION PAGE

SUBSTRUCTURE BW/3

RC BW/4
SUPERSTRUCTURE
BW/5
WALLING

ROOFING BW/7
CONSTRUCTION
AND
RAIN WATER
DISPOSAL BW/10

DOORS BW/12

WINDOWS BW/14

FINISHES

TOTALS FOR
BUILDING
WORKS CARRIED
TO
GRAND SUMMARY

GRAND SUMMARY

56
ITEM DESCRIPTION AMOUNT

GRAND SUMMARY

1. BUILDERS WORK

2. PRIME COSTS AND

PROVISIONAL SUMS
3. CHAIRS AND TABLES

TOTAL CARRIED TO FORM OF

TENDER

3.3.0 SITE ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION

3.3.1 Introduction

57
The site organization and administration is per the project direction and guidelines
Site work plan and material storage, the site space has to be able to accommodate office,
material storage, working areas and general circulation areas.

3.3.2 Site layout and planning

The site should be planned in such a way that it is able to accommodate all temporary
facilities and utilities that will ensure
 Increase in productive
 Safety
 Save space in areas needed for temporary constructions
 Maximizing utilizations.
The following key areas should be considered in layout

3.3.4 Safety
Fire prevention; fire extinguishers should be installed on the site immediately on the site as
construction commences.
Medical services; first aid kit is very important and should be kept in safety office to be used
in case of an emergency.
Construction safety gear ; the contractor should ensure that he supplies his employees at the
construction site with basic attires including safety boots, hard hat, gloves and ear muffs.

3.3.5 Site accessibility

Should be located in a place that is accessible by any means of transport this will allow easy
movements of material workers and everything will run in smooth operation.

3.3.6 Security
The entrance guard should be provided with a booth to watch all the movements in site
There should be enough lightings in site and security lights to allow for easy monitoring.
58
Hoarding should be done all around the site to prevent unwanted access to the site and provide
safety of workers and machines.

3.3.7 Information signs

Site details should be placed at the entrance.

3.3.8 Offices
The offices should be closed together and close to the site the offices include job office,
constructor’s office they may be temporary offices.

3.3.9 Water supply and sanitation

There should be steady constants water supply for constructions use and other uses for
example washing of tools and machines.
Proper sanitation should also be kept trough building of toilets and supply of clean to enable
safety heath practice by workers.

3.3.9.1 Storage and site cleaning

Storage should be built to allow for central placement of materials and equipment’s.

3.3.9.2 SCHEDULE OF WORK

ITEM NO ACTIVITY OUTPUT

59
 Site organization 1 day
A gauge of four comprising of three unskilled and one
skilled labor who will be supervising the cleaning of site
which will include; cutting trees, grabbing up their roots
2
and burning the wastes.
1 day
3 Excavation of top soil
Done by using excavators and back actors and disposed
by a dumper. A depth of 150mm thick. Materials will be 3 days
excavated and deposited 3 km from site.
4
Site offices and services 2 days
Construction of site huts and offices will be done
5 manually by 4 skilled labors and eight unskilled labors.
Water is available on site. 8 days
6
Setting out
The setting out of the building will be done using a 3 days
Theodolite operated by one skilled assisted by two
unskilled labors.

Excavation of column bases

It will be done by two unskilled labors manually who will
be
lining and shopping the pits dug by the excavator.

60
7 Excavation of foundation trenches
One skilled for supervision and seven unskilled 7 days
labors who will be digging the trench.
8 2 days
Plunking and strutting
Work to be done by one skilled for supervising two
9
unskilled labors.
1 day
10
Removal of general water
Dewatering will be done by two skilled and two 2 days
11 unskilled labor

Formwork to column bases 3 days

Will be done by two unskilled labors who will be
12 supervised by one skilled labor.
1 day
13
Reinforcement to column and bases
Ten unskilled workers will be doing manually
6 days
the cutting, bending, tying and laying the
14
reinforcement. They will be supervised by one
skilled.
2 days
15
Blinding to foundation 4 days
To be done by two unskilled and one skilled labor

Foundation concrete
Concreting in the foundation will be executed by
one skilled and five unskilled workers.

Backfilling
Done by ten workers all-round the building

Concrete in column
Executed by one skilled and two unskilled labors

61
 16 Foundation walling
Done by one skilled and five unskilled workers 5 days
17
Hardcore treatment 3 days
Done by six unskilled and one skilled labor
18 1 day
Anti-termite treatment
19 Carried out by two skilled and assisted by two 1 day
unskilled labors
20 2 days
Dpm laying
21 Done by five unskilled and one skilled workers
5 days
Screed
22 Done by two skilled and five unskilled.
2 days
Floor finish
Executed by eight unskilled and three workers

Disposal of excavated materials

Done by two dumpers four skilled workers

pg. 62
3.4 REFERENCE

 The codes which were adopted for the design work include.
 The BS8110 for concrete work
 The standard method of measurement (SMM)
 Research was also included
 The price quotation used in the BQ was obtained from standard prices of
building materials.

pg. 63