You are on page 1of 40

Aromatics

Psychodynamics
In Skin Care
Beyond the topical approach Aromatherapy!

Danielle Sade B.Sc & CAHP

“Aromatic Psychodynamics is a trade mark of Healing Fragrances School of Aromatherapy and Danielle Sade”.
MAJOR OUTCOMES
1. “Bringing awareness of the emotional
and psychological impact on
skin condition.

2. Using essential oil inhalations to lower


Cortisol in the system to assist in relieving
inflammation.

3. Learn about a selection of essential oils


that have been proven to lower Cortisol in
the blood.

“Aromatic Psychodynamics is a trade mark of Healing Fragrances School of Aromatherapy and Danielle Sade”.
THE SKIN
u Provides a protective barrier

u Prevents loss of moisture

u Reduces harmful effects of UV


radiation

u Helps regulate temperature

u Takes part in the immune


response

u Synthesis Hormone Vitamin D

Aromatic Psychodynamics is a trademark of Healing Fragrances School of Aromatherapy and Danielle Sade B.Sc. & CAHP
THE SKIN IS A COMPLEX NEUROLOGICAL SYSTEM!

It
“FEELS”
Peripheral Stimulation; such as pressure, vibrations, pain, cold and heat.
&
Internal Stimulation, the skin feels pleasure, love, fear, sadness and stress
through the secretions of different hormones from our neuroendocrine system!

Aromatic Psychodynamics is a trademark of Healing Fragrances School of Aromatherapy and Danielle Sade B.Sc. & CAHP
“ The skin also has
the capacity to
smell!

Olfactory
Receptors
have been
identified in the
epidermal skin
layers and other
tissues! (Hatt et.al)

Aromatic Psychodynamics is a trademark of Healing Fragrances School of Aromatherapy and Danielle Sade B.Sc.
& CAHP
The human perception of skin
has a lineage that goes back
thousands of years!

Aromatic Psychodynamics is a trademark of Healing Fragrances School of Aromatherapy and Danielle Sade B.Sc.
& CAHP
We are living in a world that puts a lot of emphasis on
youthful, flawless, clear, radiant and glowing skin!

Creating an illusion on the reality of what skin should


look like!
Aromatic Psychodynamics is a trademark of Healing Fragrances School of Aromatherapy and Danielle Sade
B.Sc. & CAHP
“Adam and Eve had bodies clothed with “Garments of Light.”
Genesis
When they sinned they lost
their light and were
embarrassed and humiliated
and were forced to cloth
themselves.

Peter Paul Rubens Creative commons

Aromatic Psychodynamics is a
trademark of Healing Fragrances
School of Aromatherapy and
\

‘Tzarath’ was referred to Biblical Leprosy


” This term referred to SKIN FLAWS and RITULISTIC IMPURITIES –
Biblical Leprosy was considered to be a powerful symbol of sin! (Grzybowski et.al)
.

Aromatic Psychodynamics is a trademark of Healing Fragrances School of Aromatherapy and Danielle Sade B.Sc. &
CAHP
In the late 17th century Salem Village Massachusetts were tried for the crime of
practicing witchcraft. The part of the evidence were skin lesions, birthmarks and
moles.– when theses were found on the body they were accused of having a pact
with the devil. “Described as the Devils mark!”(Flotte et.al)

Aromatic Psychodynamics is a trademark of


Healing Fragrances School of Aromatherapy and
Danielle Sade B.Sc. & CAHP
Chronic and long term
skin conditions have
psychological impact on
ones quality of life.
The longer the duration
of living with the
condition, the more
likely there will be poor
emotional functioning
and lower energy levels.
.”(Parana et.al)
Aromatic Psychodynamics is a trademark of Healing Fragrances School of Aromatherapy and Danielle Sade B.Sc. & CAHP
Acne Skin
Wrinkles
Alopecia cancer

Rosacea
Seborrhea isolation

Psoriasis Low self


esteem
Anxiety

Depression

Warts

In 2013
“One in four individuals of all ages were seen by a
physician for at least 1 skin condition.”

Aromatic Psychodynamics is a trademark of Healing Fragrances School of Aromatherapy and Danielle Sade B.Sc. & CAHP
DERMATOLOGIST ARE BEGINNING TO INTEGRATE MIND & BODY APPROACH IN A
NEW FIELD OF MEDICINE
“PSYCHO-DERMATOLOGY”

Mindfulness

Guided Visualization

Yoga

Bio-Feedback

Cognitive Therapy

Healthy lifestyle approaches


(Nutrition & Exercise)

Aromatic Psychodynamics is a trademark of Healing Fragrances School of Aromatherapy and Danielle Sade B.Sc. & CAHP
Aromatic Psychodynamics

Can equip the therapist with


an integrative tool to
provide comfort and well-
being for those experiencing
skin conditions!

Through inhalation of
natural aromatic essential
oils, shifting the way the
individual feels inside &
out!

Aromatic Psychodynamics is a trademark of Healing Fragrances School of Aromatherapy and Danielle Sade B.Sc. & CAHP
THE ROAD MAP TO FEELINGS!
Perception
Experience ! Positive or
negative!

Mind Thoughts begin to


trigger, evolving
Reacts! into feelings.

Recruiting
Autonomic
Sympathetic or
Nervous System
Para-sympathetic
gets involved!
response

The skin feels


Effects the Skin!
what you feel!

Aromatic Psychodynamics is a trademark of Healing Fragrances School of Aromatherapy and Danielle Sade B.Sc. &
CAHP
HYPOTHALMUS – PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXSIS (HPA)
Produces elevated level Substance
Corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH) & P
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
ACTH

CRH
Signals the Adrenals to secrete

And other inflammatory neuropeptides

Aromatic Psychodynamics is a trademark of Healing Fragrances School of Aromatherapy and Danielle Sade B.Sc. &
CAHP
OLFACTION HAS A UNIQUE RELATIONSHIP ON HOW WE FEEL!

Aromatic Vapors enter Passes through


Projecting into the
into the nose towards the cribriform bone into
involuntary limbic
olfactory epithelium! the olfactory Bulb
system

Hypothalamus ANS
Maintain & Controls Sympathetic &
Geraniol body functions parasympathetic

Linalool
Olfactory Release
Bulb CRH

Transmits Amygdala Pituitary


signals to the Emotions Gland
Release
brain ACTH
Patchoulol
Limonene
Hippocampus Adrenal
Memory Glands
Release
Cortisol

Neo Cortex
Cognitive
recognition

Aromatic Psychodynamics is a trademark of Healing Fragrances School of Aromatherapy and Danielle Sade B.Sc. & CAHP
High levels of ACTH & CRH in the skin can lead to slower
healing recovery in wounds and skin conditions!
SOME STUDIES TO OBSERVE!

Aromatic Psychodynamics is a trademark of Healing Fragrances School of Aromatherapy and Danielle Sade B.Sc. &
CAHP
WHY USE OF AROMATIC PSYCHODYNAMICS

Studies have proven that inhalation


of certain essential oils and their
components can influence.

1. Neurophysiological pathways
(Physiology of the Nervous system)

2. The sympathetic nervous


system (Involves the fight & flight
response)

3. The Para-sympathetic nervous


system (involves the rest & digest
response)

Aromatic Psychodynamics is a trademark of Healing Fragrances School of Aromatherapy and Danielle Sade B.Sc. &
CAHP
ESSENTIAL OILS CAN BE PSYCHOACTIVE & CORTISOL INHIBITING

Essential Oils Constituents


v Lavender – Relieves Anxiety, Sedating, v d-limonene – Dopaminergic,
antidepressant, Relieves Anxiety
v Neroli –Relieves Anxiety, antidepressant
v Linalool – Relieves Anxiety,
v Citrus Oils – Dopaminergic, Sedating, analgesic
antidepressant, Relieves Anxiety
v Patchouli Alcohol –Relieves
v Rose – Relieves Anxiety, Antidepressant Anxiety

v Clary Sage – Sedating, Relieves Anxiety v Alpha-Sanatol - Relieves Anxiety,


Sedative
v Sandalwood – Relieves Anxiety, sedating

v Patchouli – Relieves Anxiety

Aromatic Psychodynamics is a trademark of Healing Fragrances School of Aromatherapy and Danielle Sade B.Sc. &
CAHP
Aromatic Psychodynamics is a trademark of Healing Fragrances
School of Aromatherapy and Danielle Sade
Aromatic Psychodynamics of Bergamot FCF in skin care
Citrus bergamia
Bitter sweet citrus aroma that allows a frequency of light to move inwards. Enlightening the light within –
resonating with harmony that we posses.

Psychoactivity Therapeutics Skin Type of Applications


Conditions
B-Pinine
Relieves Anti-bacterial Acne Olfaction & Topical 9%
Anxiety Anti-fungal Up to 1% dilution
Anti- Sedative Y-Terpinene
Cold Sores Olfaction & Topical 9%
depressant
1% dilution
Balancing Linyal
acetate
Chronic Skin Mostly Olfaction & 38%
Conditions Carrier oils 0.05%
Fungal Topical
infections Up to 3% dilution
Linalool
20%
Wounds Olfaction – to help
reduce stress & anxiety
Inhalation of bergamot has been recognized as reducing stress and anxiety.
Recent studies have demonstrated that the essential oil vaporized and
inhaled can significantly reduce cortisol levels via the olfactory bulb. d-Limonene
24%

A secondary pathway can be described as a time released of the essential


oils is absorbed through the respiratory tract then transported to the nervous
system via blood circulation recruiting the Para sympathetic state. (Wantabe
et, al 2015)
Aromatic Psychodynamics is a trademark of Healing Fragrances School of Aromatherapy and Danielle Sade B.Sc. & CAHP
Aromatic Psychodynamics of Neroli in skin care
Citrus aurantium va amara (orange blossom)
Vibrant soft sweet hallow floral fragrance
Encourages absolute knowing of direction that with calm and peace

Neryl Myrcene Supporting


Psychoactivity Therapeutics Skin Type of Applications acetate Constituent
2%
Conditions 2% s
Farnesol 9%
Relieves Anti-bacterial Acne Olfaction & Topical
3%
Anxiety Anti- Up to 1% dilution
Geraniol
Anti- inflammatory 6%
Chronic Mostly Olfaction &
depressant Sedative Nerolidol
Skin Carrier oils 0.05%
Balancing 3%
Conditions
Linalool
Aging Skin Topical up to 1% b- 51%
olfaction pinene
5%
Wounds Olfaction – to help a
reduce stress & Terpineol
anxiety 6%

Inhalation of Neroli was found to reduce blood pressure and found to B-Ocimene
5% Linalyl
decrease cortisol levels having a calming effect on the nervous system. acetate
(Choi 2014) 8%

Aromatic Psychodynamics is a trademark of Healing Fragrances School of Aromatherapy and Danielle Sade B.Sc. &
CAHP
Aromatic Psychodynamics of Clary Sage in skin care
Salvia sclarea (French)
Warm, light musky fragrance that captivates our existence with mellow kind tranquil, clarity
elevating content in our heart. Revitalizing an inner force to move with our time.

Psychoactivity Therapeutics Skin Type of Applications


Conditions
Relieves Anti-bacterial Chronic Olfaction
Anxiety Anti- Skin
Anti- inflammatory Conditions
Supporting
depressant Sedative
Aging Skin Topical up to 1% constiuents,
25
olfaction
Wounds Olfaction – to help Linalyl
reduce stress & acetate, 55
anxiety
1 ml of 5 minute inhalation of clary sage essential oil was administrated Beta- Linalool,
to a group of menopausal in depressed states. Resulting in a significant caryophyll 15
reduction of cortisol levels in blood plasma. Concluding that clary sage ene, 5
is anti-depressant (Lyung Bok Lee et, al 2014)

Aromatic Psychodynamics is a trademark of Healing Fragrances School of Aromatherapy and Danielle Sade B.Sc. & CAHP
Aromatic Psychodynamics of Lavender in skin care
Lavendula Angustifolia
The fresh bright herbaceous floral fragrance embodies a protective feeling that nurtures our thoughts with comfort. Providing
us with heavenly energies to support our needs . Encouraging compassion, vitality, clarity, comfort and acceptance to create an
emotional balance.

Psychoactivity Therapeutics Skin Type of Applications


Conditions
Major constituents in
Relieves Anti-bacterial Acne Olfaction & Topical
Anxiety Anti-fungal Up to 1% dilution Lavender
Anti-depressant Anti-
Aging Skin Olfaction & Topical
Uplifting/ Inflammatory
1% dilution
Calming
Sedative Chronic Skin Mostly Olfaction &
Conditions Carrier oils 0.05%
Supporting
Fungal Topical trace
constituents
infections Up to 3% dilution 21% Linalool
37%
Wounds Olfaction – to help
reduce stress & anxiety
Inhalations of lavender in mice decreased aggression and increased social
interaction was observed (da Silva et.al., 2008). Linayl
acetate
42%
The major constituent in lavender linalool presents to be readily absorbs
through the skin lowers. Inhalation of linalool was found to increase

Dopamine and Noradrenalin neurotransmitters (Mimaki et.al) that are


fundamental to a state of balanced emotional equilibrium. (Sade)

Reduces swelling and inflammation (Peana et.al) and has antimicrobial


properties (Herman et.al).
Aromatic Psychodynamics is a trademark of Healing Fragrances School of Aromatherapy and Danielle Sade B.Sc. &
CAHP
Aromatic Psychodynamics of Rose Otto in skin care
Rosa damascena
Voluptuous soft feminine aroma which inspires the angelic realms to flow through the heart. Awakening our
love that is in the chambers of our heart. Opening the doors to devotion, compassion, purity contentment and
inner vitality.

Psychoactivity Therapeutics Skin Type of Applications


Conditions
Relieves Anxiety Anti-bacterial Acne Olfaction & Topical
Anti-depressant Anti-fungal Up to 1% dilution
Anti- b-ionone
Aging Skin Olfaction & Topical 1%
Inflammatory Supporting
1% dilution trace
Humectant constituents
Citronellol
40%
Balancing Chronic Skin Mostly Olfaction & 26%
Conditions Carrier oils 0.05%
Methyl
Fungal Topical eugenol
infections Up to 3% dilution 2%

Wounds Olfaction – to help Phenylethyl


alcohol
reduce stress & 2%
anxiety, prevents
moisture loss
Farnesol
Studies on 43 healthy individuals have demonstrated that through 2%
inhalation of rose Otto a reduction of sympathetic activity and levels of Nerol
adrenalin were found to have decreased. (Sugawara et,al 1998) 7%
Geraniol
20%
Inhalation of rose otto inhibited due to of chronic stress through HPA
decrease of trans epidermal water loss, decrease of cortisol in salivary
during times of chronic stress. (Fukada 3t, al 2011)

Aromatic Psychodynamics is a trademark of Healing Fragrances School of Aromatherapy and Danielle Sade B.Sc. & CAHP
Aromatic Psychodynamics of Lemon in skin care
Citrus limon
A radiant fresh citrus aroma which enlightens motivation towards vitality.

Psychoactivity Therapeutics Skin Type of Applications


Conditions
Trace
Relieves Anti-bacterial Acne Olfaction & topical up to 1%
consttituen Lemonene
Anxiety Stimulant Photo-toxic ts 67%
Anti- 11%
Chronic Skin Olfaction for depression and Myrcene
depressant
Conditions motivating 2%

y terpenene
Wounds Olfaction – to help reduce 10%
stress, depression & anxiety

Lemon specifically was noted to increase the turn over


of dopamine and serotonin after inhalation in mice.
(Komiya et al., 2006) Beta
Pinene
10%

Aromatic Psychodynamics is a trademark of Healing Fragrances School of Aromatherapy and Danielle Sade B.Sc. & CAHP
Aromatic Psychodynamics of Sandalwood in skin care
Santalum austrocaledonicum
Rich balsamic earth aroma that reaches the cosmic world between heaven and earth. Bring for the
understanding all is one and we are part of one. Creating sensitivity, serenity, harmony wisdom and unity.
Psychoactivity Therapeutics Skin Type of Applications
Conditions

alpha-
Relieves Anti-bacterial Acne Olfaction & Topical bergamo
Anxiety Anti-fungal Up to 1% dilution tol, 7 cis-B-
Anti- Sedative santalen alpha-
Aging skin Olfaction & Topical santalol,
depressant nuciferol e, 2
1% dilution 28
Balancing ,9
Chronic Skin Mostly Olfaction &
Conditions Carrier oils 0.05%

Wounds Olfaction – to help


reduce stress & anxiety

Alpha-Sanatol a major constituent in in Australian sandalwood was able to cis-B-


permeate into the skin and lower blood pressure and calm the nervous sanatolol
lanceol, , 16
system down. (Heuberger E et.al) 5
Both alpha and beta santalol were also found to be anti-inflammatory
(Sharma et.al). epi-B-
In another study it was found that alpha-santalol inhibited and was cytoxic santalol,
to various skin cancers. (Kaur M.) 4

Aromatic Psychodynamics is a trademark of Healing Fragrances School of Aromatherapy and Danielle Sade B.Sc. & CAHP
Aromatic Psychodynamics of Patchouli in skin care
Pogostemon patchouli
A smoky, herbaceous earthy aroma that brings forth sacredness of space stimulating the idea of
knowing and appreciating the deepness within ourselves!
Psychoactivity Therapeutics Skin Type of Applications
Conditions Beta Pogostone Supporting
caryohyllen 3% trace
Relieves Anti-bacterial Acne Olfaction & Topical e constituent
Anxiety Anti-fungal Up to 1% dilution 4% s
Anti- Sedative 8%
Aging skin Olfaction & Topical Gama
depressant Patchoulen
1% dilution
Balancing e Patchoulol
Chronic Olfaction & Topical 8% 25%
Skin Ointment, gels,
Conditions creams & lotions
0.05%
Beta
Patchoulen alpha
Fungal Topical
e Bulnesene
infections Up to 3% dilution 15%
7%
Wounds Topical & Olfaction – Alpha alpha
to help reduce stress Patchoulen Guaine
& anxiety e 13%
9%
Seychellen
Calming and relax the mind be reducing the sympathetic nervous system
e
activity. (Haze et.al) 8%

Active against several bacterial infections, anti-inflammatory, antiviral


and biodegradable insecticidal agent. At 12% dilution relieved ulcerative
wounds, pressure sores exhibited anti-oxidative properties and prevented
photo aging caused by UV exposure (Swamy M et.al)

Aromatic Psychodynamics is a trademark of Healing Fragrances School of Aromatherapy and Danielle Sade B.Sc. & CAHP
AGING SKIN
A natural genetic
process that influences
chemical process that
occurs from birth.

Grief, Discrimination, UV radiation, smoking, air pollution Reduced elasticity, Fine


induces CRH,ACTH, cortisol.
Social anxiety and High levels of Cortisol causes sleep
lines (Wrinkles) and un-
isolation. deprivation, suppression of hyaluronic even skin tone.
synthase and reduction in collagen
mass. PHYSICAL IMPACT
PSYCHOLOGICAL
IMPACT HPA

Rose Otto Neroli


Lavender, Sandalwood,
Patchouli, Clary Sage

INHALATIONS

Rose Otto, Neroli, Rose Otto, Neroli,


Lavender, Sandalwood, Lavender, Sandalwood,
Patchouli, Clary Sage Patchouli, Clary Sage
BATHS CREAM,
LOTIONS,GELS
“Aromatic Psychodynamics is a trademark of Healing Fragrances School of Aromatherapy and Danielle Sade”.
ACNE
Common skin conditions can
have an early onset in puberty
and be related to hormonal
imbalances during adulthood

Inferior, Low self CRH found in Sebocytes


Red inflamed elevated lesions
esteem, Unmotivated, High levels of Substance P in Inflammation
Depression sebaceous glands and around
acne lesions Excessive sebum production.
PSYCHOLOGICAL Painful and Sensitive
IMPACT
HPA
PHYSICAL IMPACT
Lemon
Bergamot
Neroli

Inhalations 5-10 drops

Bergamot FCF
Bergamot FCF
Sandalwood
Patchouli
Patchouli
1% GELS &
1% Cleansers - Toners MOISTURIZERS

Aromatic Psychodynamics is a trademark of Healing Fragrances School of Aromatherapy and Danielle Sade B.Sc. & CAHP
PSORIASIS
Chronic Skin
Inflammation

Depression, Anxiety, Inflammation


Increase in Cortisol
Insomnia Excessive proliferation
Increase in Substance P of skin cells
Isolation, Phobias
Pain, Itching, Sensitive,
PSYCHOLOGICAL prone to infection and
HPA
IMPACT irritation.
PHYSICAL
IMPACT
Bergamot
Lemon
Neroli
5-10 DROPS
INHALATION

Neroli
Patchouli Neroli,
Sandalwood
Bath 1% in dispersant or 1% Creams, lotions, Gels,
oils Massage Oils

Aromatic Psychodynamics is a trademark of Healing Fragrances School of Aromatherapy and Danielle Sade B.Sc. &
CAHP
ATOPIC DERMATITIS
Chronic & relapsing
inflammatory skin
condition related to
eczema & itch

Increase in Cortisol Inflammation


Frustration, Tension,
High levels of substance P Raw dry cracked skin,
Anxiety, Depression
burning Pain, Itching
PSYCHOLOGICAL
IMPACT HPA PHYSICAL IMPACT

Neroli, Bergamot

INHALATIONS

Aromatic Psychodynamics is a trademark of Healing Fragrances School of Aromatherapy and Danielle Sade B.Sc. & CAHP
Aromatic Psychodynamics is the use of Natural Aromatic Essential oils to shift the way we feel!
Thank You!
Danielle Sade

Healing Fragrances School


of Aromatherapy

www.healingfragrances.net

416-427-2228

Aromatic Psychodynamics is a trademark of Healing Fragrances School of Aromatherapy and Danielle Sade B.Sc. & CAHP
References
1. Glaser R, Kiecolt-Glaser J, Marucha P, MacCallum R, Laskowski B, Malarkey W. Stress-Related Changes in
Proinflammatory Cytokine Production in Wounds. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1999;56(5):450.

2. Chen Y, Lyga J. Brain-Skin Connection: Stress, Inflammation and Skin Aging. Inflammation & Allergy-Drug
Targets. 2014;13(3):177-190.

3. Shenefelt P, Shenefelt D. Spiritual and religious aspects of skin and skin disorders. Psychology Research and
Behavior Management. 2014;:201.

4. Pärna E, Aluoja A, Kingo K. Quality of Life and Emotional State in Chronic Skin Disease. Acta Dermato
Venereologica. 2015;95(3):312-316.

5. Haze S, Sakai K, Gozu Y. Effects of Fragrance Inhalation on Sympathetic Activity in Normal Adults. The
Japanese Journal of Pharmacology. 2002;90(3):247-253.

6. Altemus M, Rao B, Dhabhar F, Ding W, Granstein R. Stress-Induced Changes in Skin Barrier Function in
Healthy Women. Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 2001;117(2):309-317.

7. Denda M, Tsuchiya T, Elias P, Feingold K. Stress alters cutaneous permeability barrier homeostasis. American
Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology. 2000;278(2):R367-R372.

Aromatic Psychodynamics is a trademark of Healing Fragrances School of Aromatherapy and Danielle Sade B.Sc. & CAHP
References
8. Kim I, Kim C, Seong K, Hur M, Lim H, Lee M. Essential Oil Inhalation on Blood Pressure and Salivary Cortisol Levels in
Prehypertensive and Hypertensive Subjects. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2012;2012:1-9.

9. Lee M, Lim S, Song J, Kim M, Hur M. The effects of aromatherapy essential oil inhalation on stress, sleep quality and
immunity in healthy adults: Randomized controlled trial. European Journal of Integrative Medicine. 2017;12:79-86.

10. Choi S, Kang P, Lee H, Seol G. Effects of Inhalation of Essential Oil ofCitrus aurantiumL. var.amaraon Menopausal
Symptoms, Stress, and Estrogen in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Evidence-Based
Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2014;2014:1-7.

11. Lee K, Cho E, Kang Y. Changes in 5-hydroxytryptamine and Cortisol Plasma Levels in Menopausal Women After
Inhalation of Clary Sage Oil. Phytotherapy Research. 2014;28(12):1897-1897.

12. Fukada M, Kano E, Miyoshi M, Komaki R, Watanabe T. Effect of "Rose Essential Oil" Inhalation on Stress-Induced Skin-
Barrier Disruption in Rats and Humans. Chemical Senses. 2011;37(4):347-356.

13. de Sousa D, Silva R, Silva E, Gavioli E. Essential Oils and Their Constituents: An Alternative Source for Novel
Antidepressants. Molecules. 2017;22(8):1290.

14. Pärna E, Aluoja A, Kingo K. Quality of Life and Emotional State in Chronic Skin Disease. Acta Dermato Venereologica.
2015;95(3):312-316

Aromatic Psychodynamics is a trademark of Healing Fragrances School of Aromatherapy and Danielle Sade B.Sc. & CAHP
References
15. Swamy M, Sinniah U. A Comprehensive Review on the Phytochemical Constituents and Pharmacological Activities of
Pogostemon cablin Benth.: An Aromatic Medicinal Plant of Industrial Importance. Molecules. 2015;20(5):8521-8547.

16. Ito K, Akahoshi Y, Ito M, Kaneko S. Sedative effects of inhaled essential oil components of traditional fragrance
Pogostemon cablin leaves and their structure–activity relationships. 2018.

17. Heuberger E, Hongratanaworakit T, Buchbauer G. East Indian Sandalwood and α-Santalol Odor Increase Physiological
and Self-Rated Arousal in Humans. Planta Medica. 2006;72(9):792-800.

18. Sharma M, Levenson C, Bell R, Anderson S, Hudson J, Collins C et al. Suppression of Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated
Cytokine/Chemokine Production in Skin Cells by Sandalwood Oils and Purified α-santalol and β-santalol. Phytotherapy
Research. 2013;28(6):925-932.

19. Kaur M. Skin cancer chemopreventive agent, -santalol, induces apoptotic death of human epidermoid carcinoma A431
cells via caspase activation together with dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential and cytochrome c release.
Carcinogenesis. 2004;26(2):369-380.

20. Buchbauer G, Jirovetz L, Jäger W. Aromatherapy: Evidence for Sedative Effects of the Essential Oil of Lavender after
Inhalation. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C. 1991;46(11-12):1067-1072.

21. Yamada K, Mimaki Y, Sashida Y. Effects of Inhaling the Vapor of Lavandula burnatii super-Derived Essential Oil and
Linalool on Plasma Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH), .

Aromatic Psychodynamics is a trademark of Healing Fragrances School of Aromatherapy and Danielle Sade B.Sc. & CAHP
References
23. Catecholamine and Gonadotropin Levels in Experimental Menopausal Female Rats. Biological &
Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 2005;28(2):378-379.

22. Tisserand R, Young R, Williamson E. Essential oil safety. 2nd ed. Edinburgh [etc.]: Churchill Livingstone/
Elsevier; 2014.

23. Sade D. Aromatherapy beauty guide - using the science of carrier & essential oils t. 1st ed. Toronto: Robert
Rose;.

24. Sade D. The Practitioners Guide to Aromatherapy (A practitioners guide to Aromatherapy, the study of essential
oils and their therapies). 5th ed. Vaughn: Healing Fragrances; 2016.

25. Grzybowski A, Nita M. Leprosy in the Bible. Clinics in Dermatology. 2016;34(1):3-7.

26. Flotte T, Bell D. Dermatopathology in Historical Perspective Karl Holubar, Editor; Role of Skin Lesions in the
Salem Witchcraft Trials. The American Journal of Dermatopathology. 1989;11(6):582-587.

Photography: Slides 1,2,4,5,6,7, 8 Creative Commons Royalty Free

Photography: Slides 3,5,7,11,13, 14 I stock Standard License

Diagrams: Danielle Sade 2018

Aromatic Psychodynamics is a trademark of Healing Fragrances School of Aromatherapy and Danielle Sade B.Sc. &
CAHP

You might also like