REFERENCE

ENGLISH LANGUAGE. SEMANTICS AND STYLISTICS

Student: Toma Mihaela

Year II, Conversion – English language and literature

EXAMINING SYNONYMY AND ANTONYMY

Synonyms and Antonyms

Antonyms and Synonyms are asked very frequently in the IBPS exam. They may appear
as part of some other section or maybe in ways that are not straightforward like we will see here.
An antonym is a word that has the opposite meaning as that of a given word. On the other hand,
a synonym is a word that has a completely similar meaning as that of a given word. Here we will
state some examples and try and develop some vocabulary.

Synonyms

The Synonyms and antonyms are an important concept to learn while you are working on
your vocabulary. Synonyms are often used to flavour the text and make it diverse and colourful.
Synonyms and Antonyms are featured in many competitive exams and thus we have this section
dedicated to the concepts of Synonyms and Antonyms.

Your objective here is to be able to develop a strong vocabulary. We will state some words and
their synonyms that may appear in a graduate level examination. However, to qualify this
section, you will have to develop a very strong vocabulary by memorizing at least a few words
and their synonyms and antonyms every day till the day of your exam. Let us see some examples
of synonym words here.

We encourage you to build on similar vocabulary through memorizing exercises. Now let
us see some examples.

Synonyms

Example 1: The food that was served was rather unpleasant, but her company made up
for everything.
 In the above sentence, the word(s) in bold can be replaced by which of these words.

A) Vexatious B) Torpor C) Jolly D) Aberrant

Answer: A lot of books and online articles that you read while preparing for bank exams
will tell you that there are rules and shortcuts that will allow you to guess the synonyms or
antonyms of the words that you come across in a sentence. However, this is not true. The
only strategy that works with vocabulary is to start learning new words. A few words each day
should do the trick. As far as this example goes, you will see that the words do sound similar.

We are looking for a word whose meaning is somewhat similar to unpleasant. Vexatious
means something that is very frustrating or something that annoys. We reject this an consider this
as a viable option. Jolly means something that is pleasant and jocular, so jolly is rejected. Let us
first see the other two. Torpor, although sounds bad but it actually means lethargy or laziness. So
this is also not the correct option. Finally, aberrant means something that is diverging, it may be
unpleasant but that is not what the word means. Hence the correct option is Vexatious.

Antonyms

Let us consider the following questions:

Q 1: “In a politically enlightened community, neither the Kings nor the gods have
anything to say!”

The word in the bold is exactly opposite in meaning to?

A) Civilised B) Stupid C) Uncivilised D) Uneducated

Answer: At first you may think that you want to find the words that have the opposite
meaning to enlighten. But wait, three of the options have a meaning exactly opposite to
enlighten. So which one to choose. The context matters here and if you have been asked to pick a
word from a given paragraph, you will have to guess its meaning in the context.

For example, in the given sentence, the word enlightened has been used as informed or
educated, so the opposite word from the options would be uneducated. The answer thus is
Uneducated.

Remember the more you work on your vocabulary, the better you will get. Also, when
you are asked to find the synonym or the antonym of a word, take the context into consideration.
If you don’t know the meaning of the word, you may be able to guess it from the context
sometimes.

Practice Questions

Q 1: Read the following paragraph and answer the question that follows,

Most of the human history has been the Paleolithic period or the old stone age. There is
also a mesolithic period that comes about 20000 years ago. The exponential change in the
development of the human civilization, however, came in the recent few centuries.

The word in the bold can be replaced by the following word without changing the
meaning of the sentence.

A) Tremendous B) Fast C) Great D) Increasing

Q 2: Read the following paragraph and answer the following question

“These bottles are harrowing. How could you spend so much money on something that
is so drab? You should have called me and confirmed at least. This is what you always do!”

Which of the following words represents the antonym for the word in bold?

A) Gruesome B) Horrible C) Attractive D) Adorable

Bibliografie:
https://www.toppr.com/guides/english-language+/vocabulary/synonyms-and-antonyms/