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MINERAL RESOURCES
TB Copper is a large-scale, copper-gold porphyry deposit, which lies beneath Merdeka’s operating Tujuh
Bukit gold mine. The orebody hosts mineral resources of 1,706Mt at 0.47% copper and 0.50 g/t gold
containing 8.1Mt copper and 27.4Moz gold, including an indicated resource of 442.5Mt at 0.60% copper and
0.66 g/t gold. This is a substantial increase from the indicated resource of 372Mt previously reported, as a
result of resource definition drilling completed during 2022.
1
Effective date of Mineral Resource Estimate (“MRE”) is 31 December 2022. Cut-off grade of 0.2% Cu
Mineable shapes have been placed over the indicated resource to create a production profile that was
incorporated into the PFS, and the resultant robust economics strongly support Merdeka in declaring a
maiden ore reserve. Additional infill drilling being performed in 2023 is expected to convert further inferred
resource to indicated.
ORE RESERVES
Merdeka is pleased to announce maiden KCMI compliant Probable Reserves for TB Copper comprising a
total of 289.3Mt at 0.56% copper and 0.65 g/t gold from two specific mining areas. Total reserves from the
SLC mineable shape are 35.2Mt at 0.95% copper and 1.09 g/t gold2. Total ore reserves from the BC mineable
shape are 254.1Mt at 0.50% copper and 0.59 g/t gold3.
Table 2: TB Copper Ore Reserves Table4
Reserve Tonnes Cu Au Cont. Cu Cont. Au
Classification (Mt) (%) (g/t) (Mt) (Moz)
SLC
Probable 35.2 0.95 1.09 0.33 1.36
Sub-total 35.2 0.95 1.09 0.33 1.36
Block Cave
Probable 254.1 0.50 0.59 1.28 5.30
Sub-total 254.1 0.50 0.59 1.28 5.30
Total
Probable 289.3 0.56 0.65 1.61 6.66
Total 289.3 0.56 0.65 1.61 6.66
2
Cut-off grade US$65/t Net Smelter Return (“NSR”) and incremental cut-off was US$9/t NSR
3
Cut-off grade US$21/t NSR
4
Commodity price used for reserve calculation: US$3.63/lb Cu, US$1,600/oz Au and US$21/oz Ag. Tables may not sum as numbers have been
rounded. This ore reserve is stated under the KCMI code (Kode Komite Cadangan Mineral Indonesia).
TB Copper, located beneath Merdeka’s operating Tujuh Bukit gold mine, is regarded as one of the world’s
largest pre-production copper projects containing mineral resources of 1,706Mt at 0.47% copper and 0.50 g/t
gold containing 8.1Mt copper and 27.4Moz gold, including an indicated resource of 442.5Mt at 0.60% copper
and 0.66 g/t gold.
Since 2017, Merdeka has invested US$156 million in the TB Copper feasibility work, including the
development of a 1,890 metre long exploration decline, over 150,000 metres of resource definition drilling,
completion of extensive independent studies that include mine design, mineral processing and surface
infrastructure.
5
Scoping Study is available https://merdekacoppergold.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/TB-Copper-Project-Update-English-version-2.pdf.
Block Cave
Development of the BC mine will be fully resourced to continue unconstrained and ramp up to full production
of 24Mtpa. A staged concentrator expansion strategy has been engineered, building on the initial SLC
capacity of 4Mtpa, a further two modules of 10Mtpa each will be added as the BC output expands.
The SLC and BC are developed as separate mines. The SLC completion date is a function of when the BC
is commissioned and ramping up, rather than when the SLC mine life is exhausted.
Primary access into the BC undercuts an extraction level is provided by the main mine access and conveyor
declines. The main mine access decline is for personnel and equipment, whilst the conveyor decline is for
materials handling conveyor infrastructure. As undercutting progresses above the extraction level, caving
initiates, providing ore into the drawbells for extraction from the mine via drawpoints below.
Block cave software design and cave management systems including Footprint Finder and PCBC6 were used
to locate the position of the extraction level in the cave column and to generate the production schedule for
the mine.
The 4,508m RL was selected as the extraction level following geomechanical considerations and Footprint
Finder. A cut-off NSR value of US$21/t was applied to the resource and 1,497 drawpoints were created. A El
Teniente7 layout with extraction tunnel spacings of 30 metres and drawpoint spacings of 20 metres was
adopted. Mining will commence in the south of the extraction level and progress panel by panel in a counter
clockwise fashion.
A total of 368.8Mt at 0.53% copper and 0.60 g/t gold will be produced from lift one of the BC mine, over a
mine life of 22 years. The PFS economic modelling is based on this tonnage which includes both the BC
probable reserve of 254.1Mt and inferred resource of 114.7Mt at the lift one extraction level. The value
associated with lift two of the BC is in addition to the value identified in this PFS statement.
Caved material will be loaded from drawpoints and trammed to perimeter jaw crushers. The materials
handling system from these crushers to the surface stockpile consists of transfer conveyors and the main
conveyor decline.
6
PCBC = Personal Computing Block Caving
7
El Teniente is a Chilean Block Cave mine operated by Codelco. An El Teniente layout is a diagonal rather than herringbone draw point layout. It is
simpler to develop because the drifts are straight.
Ventilation intake for the BC mine consists of two main ventilation raises and three declines, and the exhaust
is via the conveyor decline and two additional raises. Fresh air will be delivered into the mine via a dedicated
ventilation drive to distribute the air evenly across the operating areas.
Water drainage from the extraction level and the mine workings will be via a dedicated drainage drift and
onto the mine’s main pump station.
Figure 7. Plan View of the Start of BC Production in Lift One
Processing
2026 – 2031 2031 – 2034 2034 – LOM
Period
SAB milling, copper rougher flotation followed by concentrate regrind and two-stage
cleaning. Associated thickening and filtration to produce a copper concentrate.
Flowsheet Albion-SXEW-CIL circuits at an advanced evaluation stage
Addition of pyrite
concentrate circuit.
Copper concentrate
peaking at 112kt of
Copper concentrate Copper concentrate contained copper and
Production averaging 31kt of averaging 85kt of 267koz of contained gold.
(per annum) contained copper and contained copper and Additional pyrite
87koz of contained gold. 265koz of contained gold. concentrate averaging
2.2Mt containing 74koz of
contained gold
OPERATING COST
TB Copper will be an owner operated mine. A breakdown of estimated unit operating costs is summarised in
the table below.
Table 5. LOM Average Operating Costs (US$/t ore)8
Items SLC BC
Mining 12.7 5.3
Processing 6.2 6.0
Shared Infrastructure 1.1 0.6
Port & Shipping 0.8 0.4
Tailings 0.7 0.7
G&A 3.3 0.9
Total Operating Costs 24.8 13.8
8
Operating cost excludes taxes and royalties.
9
Financial results of the SLC/BC reserve + resource case includes probable reserve and inferred resource.
10
Financial results assume CRU Group’s average LOM real copper and gold price assumptions adjusted to nominal prices using approximately
2.2% inflation factor. Costs and capital investment have also been adjusted to nominal terms.
11
NPV from commencement of project development in 2024.
12
Cashflows from commencement of production.
The Tujuh Bukit Southern Porphyry (“TBSP”) is a notable porphyry intrusion southeast of the TB copper
orebody. TBSP has the potential to be a repetition of the TB Copper orebody. It has the potential to provide
a significant extension of the TB Copper mine life.
Figure 14. Interpreted Location of the TBSP
13
Refer to Annual Statements of mineral resources and ore reserves on www.merdekacoppergold.com.
14
SCM mineral resource: February 2022 JORC prepared by AMC Consultants Pty Ltd. Total resource of 1.9 billion wmt at 1.22% Ni containing 13.8Mt
of nickel and at 0.09% Co containing 1.0Mt of cobalt.
15
ZHN RKEF smelter is under construction with a nameplate capacity of 50,000 tonnes per annum.
16
Pani resources update (https://merdekacoppergold.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Pani-February-2023-Mineral-Resource-Estimate.pdf)