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LEADERSHIP
IN
H E A LT H C A R E
Essential Values and Skills

T H I R D E D I T I O N

Carson F. Dye
00_Dye (2322).indb 6 7/29/16 10:03 AM
 Contents

Foreword ix
Michael H. Covert, FACHE
Academic Foreword xi
Andrew N. Garman, PsyD
Preface xv
Acknowledgments xxv

Part I Leadership in Healthcare

Chapter 1 The Leadership Imperative 3
Chapter 2 A Review of Academic Leadership Theories
and Concepts 21
Chapter 3 Is the Popular Leadership Literature
Worthless? 45
Chapter 4 The Values-Based Definition 57
Chapter 5 The Senior Leader Challenge 79
Part II Personal Values
Chapter 6 Respect as the Foundation of Leadership 91
Chapter 7 Ethics and Integrity 107
Chapter 8 Interpersonal Connection 119
Chapter 9 Servant Leadership 139
Chapter 10 Desire to Make a Change 155

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 Chapter 11 Commitment 171
Chapter 12 Emotional Intelligence 187
Part III Team Values
Chapter 13 Cooperation and Sharing 203
Chapter 14 Cohesiveness and Collaboration 219
Chapter 15 Trust 235
Chapter 16 Conflict Management 251
Part IV Evaluation
Chapter 17 Assessing Team Values 269
Chapter 18 Evaluating Team Effectiveness 277
Chapter 19 Self-Evaluation at All Career Stages 293
Part V Academic Perspectives
Chapter 20 Maximizing Values-Based
Leader Effectiveness 313
Jared D. Lock, PhD
Chapter 21 The Need for Leaders 333
Christy Harris Lemak, PhD, FACHE
Chapter 22 Does Leadership Matter?
Patrick D. Shay, PhD 345

Appendix A: Professional and Personal Values

Evaluation Form 365
Appendix B: Emotional Intelligence Evaluation Form 375
Appendix C: Leadership Team Evaluation Form 385
Appendix D: Grading Healthcare Team Effectiveness 397
Index 405
About the Author 415
About the Contributors 417

viii Contents

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 Foreword
Michael H. Covert, FACHE
President and CEO, CHI St. Luke’s Health System

One might wonder why such a successfully published and

widely read book (one that has become a must-read for all those
entering the profession of healthcare administration) would need
to be refreshed. Why would the author add a new emphasis on
values—those principles that underlie basic concepts of leadership
learned in school, or from mentors, or developed through one’s
experience in the field?
The answer is quite simple. Our world—our healthcare environ-
ment—has evolved to a point that the challenges, opportunities,
and stresses we face every day are markedly testing our traditionally
held beliefs and values. In fact, we are currently being tested in ways
that we never anticipated five or ten years ago.
The personal and work situations that we find ourselves immersed
in are causing us to reflect on and evaluate the decisions we make,
the people we bring together in team settings to help us make those
decisions, and how we best achieve our missions in a matrix envi-
ronment. Our interactions with others—physicians, employees,
boards, vendors, peers, and competitors (who may not have even
been trained or employed in the healthcare field)—are causing us
to look at ourselves and our profession differently.
This book, now with expanded material, case studies, and ques-
tions, gives us the opportunity to pause and assess our status in this
new world. What kind of role models have we become or would

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 we like to be for others? How well are we interacting with the team
leaders we serve? What have we learned about ourselves, and what
can we do to help others grow?
As you read through the chapters, I hope you take time to reflect
on your career and your leadership. Think of Leadership in Healthcare
as a gift from Carson Dye, for it allows you to assess your feelings,
beliefs, strengths, and weaknesses in a safe and meaningful way.
It also gives you the chance to reinforce and reaffirm those values
that are most vital to you. Just as important, it helps you consider
changing behaviors, attitudes, and actions to make yourself a bet-
ter leader—one who is more prepared for the complex future you
will face.
Remember, values-based leaders develop teams and individuals
who can successfully make structure out of ambiguity. They can
handle change and stress during difficult times and learn from those
experiences; they recognize the strengths of group interaction and
foster environments in which individual contributions are noted and
appreciated. They also develop confidence in their ability to effect
positive and lasting change in their own organization.
We are in the business of intimacy. Do not let anyone tell you
otherwise. It is complicated and demanding all of the time. People
have entrusted their lives and well-being to you! How do you ensure
that this sacred bond is never broken? By constantly testing and
reinforcing your values and beliefs to ensure that you stay on the
right path.
This third edition of Leadership in Healthcare continues to pro-
pel you along the self-improvement journey as a true leader in our
twenty-first century healthcare field.
Enjoy the read . . .

x Foreword

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 Academic Foreword
Andrew N. Garman, PsyD
Professor, Rush University, and
CEO, National Center for
Healthcare Leadership

I write this foreword during a critical period in the evolution

of both healthcare and higher education in the United States. Our
country’s “eds” and “meds” both deliver critically important services,
but both have also grown up on business models that are rapidly
outstripping our society’s ability to sustain them. While both still
enjoy considerable support, we are beginning to recognize that the
runaway costs of healthcare and tuition are contributing to levels of
economic inequality not seen in this country in more than 80 years.
And yet there is also reason for optimism.
In cities across the country, health systems and universities are
recognizing their important status—and responsibilities—as anchor
institutions in their local economies. Health systems are recogniz-
ing phenomena such as socioeconomic status and income security
as social determinants of health and are identifying ways to use
both their expertise and purchasing power to foster stronger local
economies. Universities are recognizing the importance of ensuring
the debt burdens they create for their graduates prove to be sound
long-term investments, and they are working with employers to
strengthen these returns. Some forward-thinking health systems such
as Cleveland Clinic, Northwell, and Kaiser Permanente have begun
vertically integrating with university programs to further improve
the value proposition for students and employers alike.
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 But at this time, most of these activities remain outliers. In other
cases, they are only experiments: specially funded pilot tests exist-
ing tenuously atop a culture of inequity, where long-term health
isn’t visible above the tyranny of immediate needs. When progress
is vulnerable to discretionary budget cuts, the long-term patterns
are quick to return.
What will our future look like? Which path will we take? Those
questions will be answered by the values we as leaders subscribe to,
by how willing we are to take the bold actions needed.
This is where Leadership in Healthcare comes in. There are lots of
good books out there on the what and the how of leadership, includ-
ing Exceptional Leadership: 16 Critical Competencies for Healthcare
Executives, which Carson and I coauthored. But there are far fewer
books on the why. Leadership in Healthcare was written to address
the why of leadership. After 17 years and three editions, its longevity
is a testament to the importance of its contents.
If you are reading this book as part of a graduate class, you will
soon be called upon to lead. If you picked this book up as a prac-
titioner, you may be a leader already. In either case, you probably
selected your career path on the basis of deeply held values that you
hoped to embody throughout your working life.
I encourage you to read this important book at least twice dur-
ing your career. On your first read, take special note of the passages
that speak to your personal values or articulate things you know in
your heart but find difficult to convey to others in words. Bookmark
these for later.
Down the road, you will undoubtedly find yourself at your own
crossroads in the choices you need to make. These could be times
when what you think is right also seems most risky, or times when
doing what’s best for your community requires considerable sacrifice
by the organization that employs you to look after its success. When
you find yourself in this space, take out this book again and flip to
the pages you bookmarked on your first read. I suspect you will find
that reflecting on these passages a second time will help you firm
up your convictions while making difficult decisions.

xii Academic Foreword

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 Your values are there for a very important reason: to guide your
actions when things get difficult. Now more than ever, we need
value-driven leaders.
Like you.

Academic Foreword xiii

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00_Dye (2322).indb 14 7/29/16 10:03 AM
 Preface
Leadership remains a relatively mysterious
concept despite having been studied for several decades

—Atul Gupta, Jason C. McDaniel,

and S. Kanthi Herath (2005)

Values come into play here.

I wrote Leadership in Healthcare: Values at the Top, the first edi-
tion of this book, at the turn of the new century. The second edition
appeared in 2010. I have been amazed and humbled by its reception.
Practitioners and students alike have used it and communicated
with me about their reactions, thoughts, and suggestions. I remain
humbled by the first edition’s selection as the ACHE James Ham-
ilton Book of the Year. I am struck by the power of the message of
values in leadership. Yes—values come into play here.
Sixteen years after the publication of the first edition, much has
changed in the world, in American society, and in the US healthcare
system and its leadership. Yet much remains the same, including
the following realities:

1. Effective leadership is difficult to define. So many “definitive”

leadership books exist, but so few articulate the principles
underlying effective leadership.
2. The ethics of leaders has been on the decline. Power can
corrupt, which is evident from the much-reported
unethical and criminal activities of top executives in many
industries. When inappropriate conduct is committed in

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 healthcare, it not only erodes the public’s trust but also
threatens patients’ safety and lives.
3. The constant stresses in healthcare cause burnout and change
of careers. As a leadership and former search consultant,
I am acutely aware of leaders’ frustrations and uneasiness
about the rapid pace of change in the field. Many of them
leave the field as a result, while others struggle through
these problems, tired, dejected, and pessimistic.
4. Leadership development is still not a top priority. Although
many senior executives express an interest in professional
growth and development, they devote little time or funds
to this pursuit. This paradox is apparent when leadership
development becomes the first to get cut from the
organizational budget. The economic downturn became
another excuse (next to limited time) for overlooking
development opportunities.
5. Effective leaders are almost always values driven. Those who
rely only on hard data and measurable standards often say
that values are vague contributors to effectiveness because
they cannot be quantified. However, a review of empirical
research, coupled with my observations and constant
contact with executives, reveals that values are cited by
highly effective leaders as major factors of their success.
6. Effective leadership can be learned. Some people are “born”
leaders. They possess and live by deep, unwavering values.
They have a natural ability to interact with and lead others.
However, these qualities can be learned by people who
are not born with such talents. Becoming aware of the
need for learning and practicing a sensitive, practical, and
appropriate value system is the first step toward becoming
a world-class leader.

In 2010, I wrote, “We now live in a more frenzied, Internet-

driven culture, where technology gives to but also takes away from

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 our daily lives.” As trite as it may seem, that frenzy has grown, the
Internet has more impact than ever before, and technology helps
but also hurts us.
I argued then—and I argue even more strongly now—that while
technology has allowed us instant access to other people and to
enormous amounts of information, it has shrunk our chances for
face-to-face communication. The human element is not what it
once was. Again, values come into play here.
And while social media—Twitter, Facebook, LinkedIn, and the
like—have enabled us to network, stay in touch, and even make
“friends” from distant locations, they have also introduced unique
challenges in the workplace. Although the Internet age in healthcare
has made some veteran executives say that interactions are “not as
fun as they used to be,” it does attract and excite the younger leaders
among us. But once again, values come into play here.
We now live in a world that is very divisive, a country that is
polarized, and we work in a healthcare world that has changed
enormously. The political, social, and economic uncertainties we
face manifest themselves in our healthcare facilities, exacerbating
the crises that organizational leaders must solve every day. Emer-
gency departments continue to be the front door and often primary
providers of healthcare. We continue to see a shortage in workers,
allied health professionals, physicians, and even clinical educators.
Retail operators have now entered our world of service and care to
others. Financial challenges continue to threaten the availability
and quality of care, advances in medical technology and pharma-
ceuticals have been ramping up the cost of care, and the American
public’s scrutiny of the healthcare field has gotten closer and deeper.
Although not entirely new or insurmountable, these challenges add
even more pressure to the already-strained healthcare workforce
and its leaders. But once again, values come into play here—and
vividly—for our leaders.
Although much progress has been attained in the field, much
still needs to be accomplished. This is the environment in which the
third edition of Leadership in Healthcare is truly effective.

Preface xvii

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 THE INTENT OF THIS BOOK

My goals for this edition are the same as the goals were for the first
two editions:

1. Raise leaders’ awareness about values and their meaning

and applicability to leadership.
2. Posit that values play a major role in leaders’ effective
performance.
3. Recommend practical strategies for living by those values
at work and at home.

Judging by the strong reception to and enduring support for the

earlier editions, this book has filled a latent hunger for discussion
about values-based leadership, something that even I did not antici-
pate. The need for such a discussion is not confined to the healthcare
executive world; it is also demanded by graduate and undergraduate
programs as well as other professional-education providers. The fol-
lowing that the first two editions have garnered has prompted me
to present an updated edition that reflects our drastically changed
environment.

Changes to the Third Edition

This edition remains true to its original premise. However, to better

illustrate and highlight the concepts, I have added new elements and
expanded the discussions. These additions further facilitate teaching,
dialogue, and self-reflection:

• Chapter 2, “A Review of Academic Leadership Theories

and Concepts”
• Chapter 3, “Is the Popular Leadership Literature
Worthless?”

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 • Chapter 21, “The Need for Leaders,” written by Christy
Harris Lemak, PhD, FACHE
• Chapter 22, “Does Leadership Matter?,” written by Patrick
D. Shay, PhD
• Appendix D, “Grading Healthcare Team Effectiveness”
• New or expanded treatment of the concepts of servant
leadership, change makers, employee engagement,
emotional intelligence, and groupthink
• Suggested readings
• New or revised strategies and examples

This edition retains many of the elements of the previous editions:

• Opening vignettes that reflect workplace situations

• Sidebars that support the discussions
• Cases and exercises that stimulate reader response

Content Overview

The book has two forewords—one by Michael H. Covert, FACHE,

and another by Andrew N. Garman, PsyD. The rationale here is
to represent the perspectives of the book’s main audience, which
is composed of healthcare executives and health administration
educators and students.
The book is divided into five parts. Part I—Leadership in Health-
care—contains chapters 1 through 5 and sets the stage on which
the field and its leaders perform their roles. Part II—Personal Val-
ues—includes chapters 6 through 12 and catalogs the key values that
influence the leader’s behaviors, priorities, thought processes, and
actions. Part III—Team Values—comprises chapters 13 through 16
and explores the values that guide a leadership team. Part IV—Evalu-
ation—encompasses chapters 17 through 19 and provides guidance
for assessing team values and effectiveness and careers at all stages.

Preface xix

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 The new part V—Academic Perspectives—contains chapters 20
through 22. Chapter 20 is written by Jared D. Lock, PhD, licensed
industrial and organizational psychologist and president of The JDL
Group LLC. This contribution is a research-based response to and
support of the hypotheses offered in the book. Chapter 21 is written
by Christy Harris Lemak, PhD, FACHE, professor and chair of the
Department of Health Services Administration at the University
of Alabama, Birmingham. Her chapter is a well-articulated call for
more leadership in healthcare. She is a nationally recognized leader
on healthcare administration. Chapter 22 is written by Patrick D.
Shay, PhD, assistant professor in the Department of Health Care
Administration at Trinity University in San Antonio, Texas. This
chapter focuses on academic approaches to the question of whether
leadership truly matters in the workplace. Patrick is one of the
true up and comers in healthcare administration in organizational
behavior and leadership.
Four appendixes are included. Appendixes A through D are tools
for evaluating the leader, the team, and the self. The self-evaluation
questions in each chapter are designed to challenge current practices
and long-held notions about leadership, while all examples (both
real and fictional) serve to encourage appropriate behavior and to
acknowledge that such model behavior is a multistep, multiyear
process that requires willingness, hard work, and other people.
Quotations from various leadership and organizational experts
pepper the text throughout, giving credence to the concepts
discussed.

CONCLUSION

I have worked in the field for 43 years now, but I continue to learn
about and be fascinated by healthcare leadership. I still ask the ques-
tions I began posing years ago:

• What is leadership?

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 • What makes some leaders more effective than others?
• What role do values play in leadership?
• How can people improve their own leadership skills?

Although this book is not a complete treatise on leadership, it does

explore concepts that will cause you to reflect on your own and
others’ value systems, behaviors, leadership competencies, mind-
sets, actions, goals, and performance. I hope it communicates these
messages:

1. Values come into play in leadership.

2. Effective leadership is needed now more than ever.
3. Values-based leadership can be learned.
4. Values are a primary contributor to great leadership
performance.

I share what several individuals have said about values:

Tell me what you pay attention to, and I will tell you who
you are.
—José Ortega y Gasset (1958)

Values-based leadership may not be a cure for everything

that ails us, but it’s definitely a good place to start.
—Harry M. Jansen Kraemer Jr. (2011)

Sometimes it takes great moral courage to do what is right,

even when the right action seems clear.
—Richard L. Hughes, Robert C. Ginnett,
and Gordon J. Curphy (2015)

In today’s world, the amount of distraction and busyness

we all experience keeps us from undertaking the inward

Preface xxi

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 journey and engaging in the quiet reflection required to
become more authentic human beings.
—Kevin Cashman (2008)

Leaders need to understand explicitly what they stand for,

because values provide a prism through which all behavior
is ultimately viewed.
—James M. Kouzes and Barry Z. Posner (2012)

The rest, as Lao Tzu said, is up to you.

Carson F. Dye, FACHE

REFERENCES

Cashman, K. 2008. Leadership from the Inside Out: Becoming a

Leader for Life, 2nd ed. San Francisco: Berrett-Kohler Pub-
lishers, Inc.

Gupta, A., J. C. McDaniel, and S. K. Herath. 2005. “Quality Man-

agement in Service Firms: Sustaining Structures of Total
Quality Service.” Managing Service Quality 15 (4): 389–402.

Hughes, R. L., R. C. Ginnett, and G. J. Curphy. 2015. Leader-

ship: Enhancing the Lessons of Experience, 8th ed. Burr Ridge,
IL: McGraw-Hill Education.

Kouzes, J. M., and B. Z. Posner. 2012. The Leadership Chal-

lenge: How to Make Extraordinary Things Happen in Organi-
zations, 5th ed. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Kraemer, H. M. J. Jr. 2011. “The Only True Leadership Is Values-

Based Leadership.” Published April 26. www.forbes.com/
2011/04/26/values-based-leadership.html.

Ortega y Gasset, J. 1958. Man and Crisis. Translated by Mil-

dred Adams. New York: W. W. Norton & Co.

xxii Preface

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 INSTRUCTOR RESOURCES

This book’s Instructor Resources include PowerPoint slides

for each chapter, additional discussion questions, and web
links.
For the most up-to-date information about this book and
its Instructor Resources, go to ache.org/HAP and browse
for the book’s title or author name.
This book’s Instructor Resources are available to instruc-
tors who adopt this book for use in their course. For access
information, please e-mail hapbooks@ache.org.

Preface xxiii

00_Dye (2322).indb 23 7/29/16 10:03 AM

Another random document with
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rescue, and had not the Horse Guards opportunely fell in upon them, as they lay
battering before my house, it had not been in my power to have prevented a further
mischief.” (Letter from Humphrey Weld to the Earl of Craven in Calendar of State
Papers, Domestic, 1671, pp. 241–2).
478. Historical MSS. Commission, Duke of Portland’s MSS., Report XIII.,
App. 1, 683.
479. He was certainly there in April of that year. “Letter for the French
Ambassador brought by a sea captain enclosed to Humphrey Wield, at his house in
Wield Street, London.” (Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, 1673, p. 166).
480. For example: (i) 10 March 1676–7. Information of William Herriot that
“at Nieuport he met Captains Douglas and Ennys, who desired him to make his
address to the Spanish Ambassador at London, who lived at Wild House.”
(Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, 1677–8, p. 14); (ii.) 29 March, 1679. Lord
Clarendon reports that “in Mr. Weld’s garden in a grotto are 27 chests of goods....
Mr. Bedloe present said they belonged to Don Pedro de Ronquillio who was
present at the search and would not admit to have the letters perused.” (Historical
MSS. Commission, House of Lords MSS., App. to 11th Report, Part II., pp. 126–7);
(iii.) 26 April, 1681. Evelyn records his visit to “Don Pietro Ronquillio’s, the
Spanish Ambassador, at Wild House”; (iv.) 9th September, 1686. “The Spanish
Ambassador made a bonfire at Wild House last night and brought out wine for the
mob, but the rabble overthrew the bonfires, broke the cask of wine and broke the
windows, and pulled down some of the brick wall.” (Historical MSS. Commission,
Duke of Portland’s MSS., III., p. 397).
481. See Petition and Appeal of Ralph Lister, MSS. of House of Lords, New
Series, IV., pp. 274–5.
482. 21st December, 1693. “The Spanish Ambassador has taken a house in the
Old Spring Garden, where the Duke of Norfolk lately lived, and has, in a manner,
fitted up his chapel. Notice was sent to his Excellency that for some reasons a
Romish chapel could not be permitted within the verge of the Court, so he is
removing back to Weld House.” (Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, 1693, p.
433).
“Weld House is to be Lett, containing 33 Rooms, Garrets and Cellars, with
other suitable conveniences, in Weld Street near L.I. Fields. Enquire at Weld
House, or at Marybone House.” (London Gazette, Sep. 13–17, 1694).
483. Reproduced here.
484. Indenture between Isaac Foxcroft and others and Hugh Jones (in
possession of the London County Council).
485. Reproduced here.
486. Close Roll, 5 Chas. I. (2800)—Indenture between Richard Holford and
Sir Edward Stradling, reciting the earlier indenture.
 487. See p. 93.
488. Chancery Proceedings, Bridges, 465–184. Plea of John Corrance.
489. Reproduced here.
490. Middlesex Feet of Fines, 32 Eliz., Hilary.
491. Ibid., 21 Jas. I., Easter.
492. Recited in Indenture between Matthew Francis and Symond Harborne,
in the possession of the London County Council.
493. Lease by the Rt. Hon. Lord Cary to William Loringe, in the possession of
the London County Council.
494. See p. 112.
495. Katherine Clifton, only daughter and heiress of Gervase, Lord Clifton of
Leighton Bromswold.
496. Calendar State Papers, Domestic, 1623–5, p. 488; 1627–8, p. 10; 1628–
9, p. 359; 1629–31, p. 38.
497. Ibid., 1628–9, p. 369.
498. Somerset House Wills, Harvey, 6 (Proved 15th January, 1638–9).
499. Lady Elizabeth Cust’s The Brownlows of Belton (Records of the Cust
Family Series), II., p. 61.
500. This is not quite certain, but there does not seem much doubt that the
entry refers to Lennox House.
501. The two portions were subsequently assessed for the Hearth Tax at 26
and 11 hearths respectively. The whole house was therefore comparable in size with
Bristol House, assessed at 40 hearths.
502. The Countess of Dysart writes from “Lady Allington’s house, Drury
Lane,” on 22nd August, 1667 (Calendar State Papers, Domestic, 1667, p. 409), and
in November, 1668 or 1669, Lord Allington refers to his mother’s house in Drury
Lane (Ibid., 1668–9, p. 55). Lady Allington was succeeded in this house by Lady
Ivey (Hearth Tax Roll for 1675).
503. Somerset House Wills, Batt, 136. (Proved, with 39 codicils, 28th June,
1680).
504. Middlesex Registry Memorials, 1716, III., 24.
505. Parton states that Brownlow Street appears in the parish books in 1685.
506. Indenture of 28th April, 1722, between Gilbert Umfreville and Chas.
Umfreville and Ric. Baker (Middlesex Registry Memorials, 1722, VI., 85).
507. See p. 105.
508. Grey’s St. Giles’s of the Lepers, pp. 114–5.
 509. Reproduced here.
510. See p. 103.
511. Parton’s Hospital and Parish of St. Giles, p. 125.
512. The ratebooks from 1730 (earliest extant) to 1746 show “Daniel Hahn,”
possibly a more correct form of the name, at this house.
513. Indenture dated 27th May, 1728, between Peter Walter and Nicholas
Lovell (Middlesex Registry Memorials, 1728, VI., 15).
514. Grey’s St. Giles’s of the Lepers, p. 116.
515. Reproduced here.
516. Close Roll, 12 William III. (4863)—Indenture between (1) Mary
Rawlinson, (2) Giles Powell and (3) Jeremiah Ridge.
517. See p. 109.
518. See p. 112.
519. Privy Council Register, Vol. 29, p. 424.
520. Calendar State Papers, Domestic, 1611–18, p. 551.
521. Ibid., p. 555.
522. Privy Council Register, Vol. 29, p. 484.
523. Privy Council Register, Vol. 46, p. 274.
524. It is just possible that a later reference to the spring is to be found in the
petition dated 7th July, 1637, of the inhabitants of the Old Town of St. Giles,
“complayning of ye stopping up of a fair large and open well in ye said towne; being
of great use and comfort to ye peters who now find ye want thereof in these times of
contagion, ye same being continued to bee stopped up as aforesaid, by ye now
landlord Frauncis Garrett.” (Privy Council Register, Vol. 48, p. 105).
525. Parton’s Hospital and Parish of St. Giles, p. 114.
526. Close Roll, 9 Eliz. (742).
527. Close Roll, 24 Eliz. (1129)—Indenture between Jas. Briscowe, Joan his
wife and John Wise and Jas. Mascall.
528. Close Roll, 11 Chas. I. (3057).—Indenture between Thos. and Olive
Godman and Francis and Frances Gerard.
529. Property on the east side of Drury Lane and on the north side of Broad
Street is mixed up with this, and it is not possible entirely to separate them.
530. “... abutting east on a court called Ragged Staffe Court (which court was
heretofore in the possession of John Vavasour.” (Close Roll, 12 William III. (4863)
—Indenture between Mary Rawlinson, etc., cited above).
 531. Parton’s statement that the two were identical (Hospital and Parish of St.
Giles, p. 127) is incorrect. The Hearth Tax Rolls mention both, and both are clearly
shown in the map accompanying Strype’s edition of Stow (Plate 5).
532. He died in 1585 (Inquisitiones Post Mortem, Series II., Vol. 208 (173).)
533. John Vavasour’s will (Somerset House Wills, Winderbanck, 65), was
proved on 18th June, 1608.
534. Close Roll, 9 Eliz., (749).
535. Middlesex Registry Memorials, 1723, V., 181–2.
536. On 16th January, 1717–8, Edward Theedham leased to Chas. Hall and
Ant. Elmes The Bear Brewhouse, in St. Giles (Middlesex Registry Memorials, 1717,
IV., 263).
537. Ancient tavern signs were nearly always “on the hoop,” which seems to
have originated “in the highly ornamented bush or crown, which latterly was made
of hoops covered with evergreens.” (Larwood and Hotton, History of Signboards,
p. 504.)
538. Hospital and Parish of St. Giles, p. 237.
539. Close Roll, 31 Chas. II. (4527).
540. Sewer Rate Book for that year.
541. Parton’s Hospital and Parish of St. Giles, p. 320.
542. Close Roll, 9 Eliz. (742).
543. On 27th March, 1573, Henry Amptill and Roger Mascall, brewers, were
convicted of having set at large certain suspected persons, whom William Westone,
a “hedborowe” of St. Giles, had taken in a certain tenement of the said Henry
Amptill and had imprisoned. (Middlesex County Records, Sessions Rolls, I., p. 82).
544. In 1621, John Ampthill was granted leave to alienate 5 messuages, 11
cottages and 4 gardens to Anne, Robert, James and Thomas Foote (Patent Roll, 19
Jas. I. (2263)); in 1614 he sold 3 houses to Richard Windell (Middlesex Feet of
Fines, 12 Jas I., Mich.), whose grandson in 1630 parted with them to Abraham
Hawkins (Close Roll, 6 Chas. I. (2823)); and in 1625 he obtained leave to alienate
14 messauges to John and Abraham Hawkins. On the death of Abraham in 1645,
he was still in possession of 14 messuages in St. Giles (Inquisitiones Post Mortem,
2nd Series, 707 (41).)
545. The Hawkins property seems to have descended to Sir William Dawes,
Archbishop of York, whose mother was Jane Hawkins. By a deed of 1726
(Middlesex Registry Memorials, 1726, IV., 389) Jane Lewis sold the remainder of
a lease granted by Sir William, and comprising inter alia a house which by
reference to the ratebooks can be shown to be the second westwards from Lamb
Alley.
 546. Close Roll, 7 Chas. I. (2895).
547. Close Roll, 1655 (3866).
548. On 3rd December, 1603, William Barber, of St. Giles, gardener, was
convicted, with others, of throwing filth and dung near the highway in a certain
close called “Blumsberrie fieldes.” (Middlesex County Records, Sessions Rolls, II.,
p. 4).
549. Middlesex Feet of Fines, 32 Eliz., Easter.
550. Hospital and Parish of St. Giles, p. 319.
551. Sale by Arthur Blythe to William Wigg and Thomas Whitfield, in trust for
John Smallbone, dated 1680, and quoted by Parton (op. cit.) p. 126.
552. See p. 106.
553. Hospital and Parish of St. Giles, p. 125.
554. Hospital and Parish of St. Giles, p. 113. Newlands was actually in the
parish of St. Marylebone (see p. 125).
555. Blemundsbury, p. 308.
556. “Maslyn’s Pond” and “Maslyn Fields” are mentioned in the parish books
in 1644 and 1656 (Parton’s Hospital and Parish of St. Giles, pp. 270–1).
557. See p. 101.
558. See Sale by Arthur Blythe to Wigg and Whitfield, quoted by Parton
(Hospital and Parish of St. Giles, p. 126).
559. Kingsford’s edition, II., p. 91.
560. Reproduced here.
561. See p. 123. The Close had a reputed area of 10 acres (See e.g., Rents of
Henry VIII. in London and the Suburbs, 35 Henry VIII. (Rentals and Surveys,
General Series), Roll 452).
562. Parliamentary Survey (Augmentation Office), Middlesex, 24.
563. I.e., the field called Long Acre or Elm Field, lying between Castle Street
and the street called Long Acre.
564. Obviously a mistake for “south”; Castle Street is the thoroughfare meant.
565. Monmouth Street, now Shaftesbury Avenue, and West Street.
566. I.e., The Bowl property, see p. 110.
567. Sir John Brownlow. The same variation occurs in the Hearth Tax Rolls.
568. Close Roll, 2 Geo. II. (5363).
569. Endowed Charities, County of London, Vol. V., p. 946.
 570. Patent Roll, 24 Charles II. (3137).
571. The existence of a “Tower Street” between King Street and White Lion
Street is impossible. A portion of the close was in 1690 used as a laystall (Calendar
of State Papers, Domestic, 1689–90, p. 389).
572. Chancery Proceedings, Bridges, 36–47. Suit of Jas. Kendricke.
573. Chancery Proceedings, Bridges, 614–105. Suit of William Jennens.
574. There are records inter alia of (a) four houses built in Great St. Andrew
Street, between Michaelmas, 1693, and August, 1694 (Middlesex Registry
Memorials, 1734, V., 266), and (b) houses built in Monmouth Street and Little Earl
Street in July, 1693, and October, 1694 (Chancery Decree Roll, 1933. Suit of
William Lloyd).
575. The leases of many of the houses erected on the south-west of the close do
not seem to have been granted before 1708–9.
576. Notes and Queries, 11th Series, VIII., pp. 182–3.
577. The plan is probably a little later than 1691 (the date assigned to it), for,
as has been shown, Neale did not obtain his lease until 1693.
578. Wheatley and Cunningham’s London Past and Present, III., p. 234.
579. Reproduced here.
580. Recited in Indenture of 25th October, 1728, between Jas. Joye (1), Oliver
Martin and Thos. Russell (2) and Rev. Thos. Blackwell (3) (Close Roll, 2 Geo. II.
(5364)).
581. Much of the above information is taken from Emily Dibdin’s Seven Dials
Mission: the story of the old Huguenot Church of All Saints, West Street.
582. Reproduced here.
583. It should be mentioned, however, that in a petition, probably belonging
to the year 1354, the Mayor and Commonalty of London claimed that the Hospital
had been founded by a citizen of London suffering from leprosy. (Calendar of
Letterbooks of the City of London, Letterbook G., p. 27).
584. Parton (History of the Hospital and Parish of St. Giles-in-the-Fields, p.
1) and, following him, Dugdale (Monasticon VII., p. 635) give the date of the
Hospital’s foundation as 1101. This is certainly wrong. Parton’s authority was an
entry in Leland’s Collectanea, I., p. 418 (2nd edn.), which under the date 1101
mentions several events, (i.) Henry’s marriage with Maud, (ii.) his appointment of
a military guard for his brother Robert who was in prison, (iii.) Maud’s foundation
of the Hospital of St. Giles. The next entry is dated 1109. The date 1101 is obviously
only intended to cover (i.) (which took place strictly speaking in 1100), for Robert
was not taken prisoner until the battle of Tinchebray in 1106. The passage
therefore would seem to suggest a date between 1106 and 1109 for the foundation
of St. Giles.
 585. Survey of London (Kingsford’s edn.), II., p. 90.
586. Historia Anglicana, p. 176b.
587. Parton in his transcription of the document reads “forty” throughout, and
has been copied by everybody. It is, however, clearly “quatuordecim” in all cases.
588. Ancient Petitions, E. 617.
589. Ancient Petitions, E. 617; 2448.
590. Calendar of Letterbooks of the City of London, Letterbook G., p. 28.
591. Ibid., p. 29.
592. I.e., 27 Edw. I. (Calendar of Patent Rolls, p. 404). It has been generally
assumed that the date was 1354, i.e., 27 Edw. III., no doubt because Parton
(Hospital and Parish of St. Giles, pp. 23, 26) when translating the document
relating to the suit between the Abbot of St. Mary Graces and the Master of Burton
Lazars gave the name of the King as Edward the son of Edward, whereas the
reading is clearly “Edward the son of Henry.”
593. It really extended somewhat to the west of the eastern side of the modern
road, which has been formed by widening the ancient Hog Lane.
594. Close Roll, 16 James I. (2384).—Indenture, dated 19 March, 1617–8,
between Robert Lloyd and Isaac Bringhurst.
595. See p. 124.
596. Inquisitiones Post Mortem, 3 Edward VI. (89).
597. Close Roll, 8 Elizabeth (722).
598. Close Roll, 8 James I. (2066)—Indenture, dated 20th February, 1610–11,
between John Graunge and Robert Lloyd.
599. A sixth was sold in 1622 by John and William Flood to Zachery Bethel,
lying to the south of Sir Edward Fisher’s house, but this seems to have only
recently been built on land taken out of the four acres (see p. 122).
600. Close Roll, 16 James I. (2384).
601. The reversion was then sold to Francis Ashburnham (Close Roll, 5
Charles I. (2800)—Indenture, dated 1st March, 1628–9, between John Stafey and
Isaac Bringhurst and The Worshipful Francis Ashburnham).
602. Endowed Charities (County of London), Vol. III. (1900), p. 348.
603. Close Roll, 10 James I. (2123)—Indenture between Robert Floyd and
William Holt and John Harman.
604. Close Roll, 1652 (3683)—Indenture between John Hooker and Walter
Bigg.
 605. Letter dated 5th May, 1677, from Philip, Lord Wharton to Sir R. Verney
(Historical MSS. Commission, Verney MSS., App. to VII. Report, p. 469).
606. Parton’s Hospital and Parish of St. Giles-in-the-Fields, p. 117.
607. Middlesex Registry Memorials, 1727, VI., 138.
608. Close Roll, 16 James I. (2384)—Indenture between Robert Lloyd and
Isaac Bringhurst.
609. Close Roll, 16 James I. (2384).
610. Close Roll, 7 Charles I. (2895)—Indenture between Anne Bringhurst and
John Stafey and the Lady Alice Dudley.
611. Close Roll, 10 Charles I. (3017).
612. Chancery Proceedings, Bridges, 455–66.—Suit of John Boswell.
613. The boundaries are given as (E) tenement now in occupation of Nicholas
Holden; (W) churchyard; (N) Kilburn to Holborn Highway; (S) orchard of Nicholas
Holden (Close Roll, 9 Elizabeth (742)—Indenture between Lord Mountjoy and
Percival Rowland).
614. The boundaries are given as: (S) highway from St. Giles to Knightsbridge;
(W) a tenement late of Rowland Percival, and a close of John Graunge; (N)
highway through St. Giles to Uxbridge (Close Roll, 11 Elizabeth (797)—Indenture
between Lord Mountjoy and Edward Kyngston).
615. See p. 125.
616. Inquisitiones Post Mortem, II. Series, Vol. 139 (134).
617. Inquisitiones Post Mortem, II. Series, Vol. 384 (139).
618. Recovery Roll, 21 James I. Trinity.—Indenture between John and
William Flood, and Zachery Bethel.
619. Somerset House Wills, Gee, 159.
620. Patent Roll, 23 Charles II. (3125).
621. Augmentation Office, Deed of Sale, E. 19. The Master of Burton Lazars
apparently lost by the transaction, but from a letter, dated 1st April, 1535, written
by Richard Layton to Cromwell, it would seem that at one time there was a distinct
prospect of his faring still worse. “I sent for the Master of Burton Lazer as you
desired, advertising him of the King’s pleasure commanding him to be here by
Easter eve, and desire you to intercede for him with the King that he might obtain
other lands for his lands of St. Giles’s. He came, and I have been with him divers
times. I have persuaded him to put his sole trust in you and that he shall not go to
the King in anywise before you bring him to His Grace. He is content to do so.
When you wish that I should bring him unto you to make further declaration to
him of the King’s pleasure, let me know.” (Calendar of Letters of Henry VIII., 26
H. VIII., p. 168).
 622. These were in St. Anne’s, Soho.
623. After the Duke of Norfolk had heard that Legh was scheming to get the
mastership, he wrote that Legh was married, adding, “Alas! what pity it were that
such a vicious man should have the governance of that honest house!” (Letters and
Papers of Henry VIII., XII., i., p. 282).
624. Patent Roll, 28 Henry VIII. (671).
625. The whole of the above information is obtained from Chancery Decree
Roll (1).
626. Abstracts of Inquisitiones Post Mortem relating to the City of London,
ed. Geo. S. Fry, Part I., p. 62. Legh was buried in the old church of St. Leonard,
Shoreditch, and an illustration of his effigy is given in Ellis’s Antiquities of
Shoreditch. The following inscription was underneath (Hatton’s New View of
London, 1908):—

“Here under lye the Ashes and the Bones

Of Sir Tho. Leigh, that good and learned Knight,
Whose hasty Death, alas, the Godly still bemoan,
Tho his Soul always rejoice in God’s sight,
Great was his Wisdom, and greater was his Wit,
His Visage comely, with no sad Change dismay’d,
A Man in all Affairs a King to serve most fit,
Had not Death so soon his mortal Life betray’d.”

627. Chancery Decree Roll, No. 3.

628. Close Roll, 37 Henry VIII. (444).
629. This was in the parish of Edmonton, now Southgate.
630. On the north side of Broad Street, now in the parish of St. George,
Bloomsbury.
631. The Great Close of Bloomsbury and Wilkinson’s Close.
632. I.e., Middle Row (see Close Roll, 12 Elizabeth (832).—Indenture between
Lord and Lady Mountjoy and William Perye), formerly standing just outside
Holborn Bars.
633. These were in St. Marylebone. The Inquisition on the death of Sir John
Grange (1611) refers to “a close of land commonly known by the name of
Newlondes containing 24 acres, and ... all that parcel of land or lane (“venelle”)
near adjoining the aforesaid close ... situated within the parish of Marylebone.”
(Inquisitiones Post Mortem, II. Series, Vol. 686 (113)).
634. Licence to alienate granted 6th July, 1546.
635. Inquisitiones Post Mortem, II. Series, 3 Edward VI. (89).
636. Inquisitiones Post Mortem, 15 Elizabeth, Vol. 165, on Thomas Carew.
 637. Ibid., 6 Elizabeth, Vol. 139.
638. Ibid., Series II. (49), Vol. 109.
639. Her second husband was Sir Thomas Chaloner.
640. According to the Dictionary of National Biography, he “spent the
fortune of his family in the pursuit of alchemy.”
641. The “Lorde Mountjoye and the Lady Katherine” are mentioned in a
mortgage by the former to John Mery, dated 1st February, 1556–7. (Close Roll, 4
and 5, Philip and Mary (547)).
642. Close Roll, 7 Eliz. (695).
643. Considerable doubt seems to have existed on this point. Side by side with
assertions to the contrary, there are plain statements that the mortgage was
redeemed (see e.g., Chancery Decree Roll, 54, concerning a complaint by Jas.
Mascall against Thomas Harrys and others). Nevertheless it is quite certain that
the statement in the text is true, for (1) the recognisance accompanying the
mortgage is not cancelled; (2) Blount’s son Charles (afterwards Earl of Devonshire)
definitely stated that the manor was not redeemed (Chancery Proceedings,
Elizabeth B. 15–52), suit of Charles Blount; (3) the steps by which the manor
descended from the Brownes are known.
644. Close Roll, 21 Eliz. (1059); Common Plea Roll, 25 Eliz., Hilary, 4010;
Close Roll, 34 Eliz. (1425). Parton (Hospital and Parish of St. Giles-in-the-Fields,
p. 331) bridges over the gap between Blount and Cope by the supposition that the
manor came into the hands of the last-named in consequence of a mortgage to one
“Master Cope, citizen of London.” But (1) the mortgage is not of the manor of St.
Giles, and (2) the proper reading is not “Cope” but “Rope.”
645. He was knighted on 20th April, 1603.
646. Close Roll, 14 Jas. I. (2308)—Indenture between Sir Henry Rich, Dame
Isabella, and Dame Dorothy Cope and Gifford and Risley.
647. Vestry Minutes, 1624–1719.
648. See p. 1.
649. Newcourt, op. cit., p. 612.
650. The sketch given by Parton, Hospital and Parish of St. Giles-in-the-
Fields, p. 54, is quite untrustworthy, and is in conflict with the little that is known
of the church. He gives no authority for the sketch save that it was as “preserved in
rude delineations of it, made near the time.”
651. Parton’s Hospital and Parish of St. Giles-in-the-Fields, p. 56.
652. Ibid., pp. 191–2.
653. Vestry Minutes, 1624–1719, f. 4.
 654. A Mirrour of Christianity and a Miracle of Charity, etc., by R. B. [i.e.,
Robert Boreman], p. 121.
655. A New View of London (1708), I., p. 259.
656. Strype’s edition of Stow, 1720, II., pp. 77ff. The greater portion of what
follows is taken from Strype’s description.
657. See illustrations on map in Strype’s edition of Stow (Plate 5).
658. A list of Lady Dudley’s benefactions comprises the following: “She gave to
the Church of St. Giles, the greatest bell in the steeple; and divers great pieces of
massive plate; paved the chancel with marble, built the fair blue gate at the
entrance to the churchyard, and purchased a fair house of £30 a year value for the
perpetual incumbent. She also gave the hangings for the choir, which cost £80
10s., 2 service books, embroidered in gold, £5; velvet altar cloth with gold fringe
£60; a cambric cloth to lay over it with a deep bone lace £4 10s.; another fine
damask cloth £3; 2 cushions for the altar, richly embroidered with gold, £10; a
Turkey carpet to lay before the altar £6; a long screen to sever the chancel from the
church, richly carved and gilt, £200; a fair organ £100; the organ loft richly
wrought and gilt, and a tablet of the Ten Commandments, the Creed and Lord’s
Prayer, richly adorned, £80; the rails before the altar curiously carved and gilt,
£40.” (Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, 1668–9, p. 176).
659. Parton’s Hospital and Parish of St. Giles-in-the-Fields, pp. 200–1.
660. 4 Geo. I., cap. 14.
661. 3 Geo. II., cap. 19.
662. Parton’s Hospital and Parish of St. Giles, p. 213.
663. Hatton’s New View of London (1708), p. 262.
664. Parton’s Hospital and Parish of St. Giles, p. 224
665. Parton’s Hospital and Parish of St. Giles-in-the-Fields, pp. 216–7.
666. Novum Repertorium Ecclesiasticum Parochiale Londinense, p. 173.
667. Reproduced here.
668. See p. 123.
669. Reproduced here.
670. Parton’s Hospital and Parish of St. Giles-in-the-Fields, p. 117.
671. Reproduced here.
672. See p. 1.
673. Close Roll, 30 Henry VI.—Grant, dated 2nd April, 1452, by Jo. Crouton
and W. Horn to Jo. and Katherine Nayler.
674. To the east of Church Close.
 675. Close Roll, 13 James I. (2275).
676. History of London, p. 1363.
677. Tyburn Gallows (published by the London County Council), p. 16.
678. The gallows in St. Giles Fields erected for the execution of Lord Cobham
were obviously put up for that special purpose. There may, of course, have been a
manorial gallows, but no mention of such for St. Giles occurs in the Quo Warranto
Rolls.
679. Endowed Charities, County of London, III., p. 350.
680. Parton’s Hospital and Parish of St. Giles, p. 228.
681. Chancery Decree Roll, No. 3.
682. Inquisitiones Post Mortem, II. Series, Middlesex, Vol. 200 (5).
683. Formerly on the east side of Dyott Street, just outside the parish
boundary.
 684. Close Roll, 9 Elizabeth (742).
685. Close Roll, 8 Charles I. (2946).
686. Close Roll, 1649 (31). Indenture, dated 20th March, 1648–9, between
John Barber als Grigg and Henry Baynbrigge.
687. Hospital and Parish of St. Giles-in-the-Fields, p. 152.
688. Edmund Buckeridge and Henry Loveday querentes: and Jane
Baynbrigge, widow; William Maynard and Mary, his wife; Nicholas Buckeridge,
and Sara, his wife; and Simon Dyott and Jane, his wife, deforciantes; of 100
messuages, 200 cottages, 40 gardens and 10 acres of land in St. Giles, Mary, Sara
and Jane renounce for their heirs. It will be seen that the property had grown, and
it is known that Bainbridge had purchased more (see e.g., purchase from Sir John
Bramston and others, Middlesex Feet of Fines, 1665, Trinity).
689. “The Rookery,” was a triangular space bounded by Bainbridge, George,
and High Streets; it was one dense mass of houses, through which curved narrow
tortuous lanes, from which again diverged close courts—one great mass, as if the
houses had originally been one block of stone, eaten by slugs into numberless
small chambers and connecting passages. The lanes were thronged with loiterers;
and stagnant gutters, and piles of garbage and filth infested the air. In the
windows, wisps of straw, old hats, and lumps of bed-tick or brown paper,
alternated with shivered panes of broken glass, the walls were the colour of
bleached soot, and doors fell from their hinges and worm-eaten posts. Many of the
windows announced, “Lodgings at 3d. a night,” where the wild wanderers from
town to town held their nightly revels.” (Timbs’ Curiosities of London (1867), p.
378.)
690. Opened in 1847.
691. Except perhaps the extreme east.
692. Wheatley and Cunningham (London, Past and Present) give the date of
the street’s formation as approximately 1670.
693. Memoirs of the Life and Works of Sir Christopher Wren (1823), p. 522.
694. Collins’s Peerage of England, 5th Edition, III., p. 328.
695. Memoirs of the Life and Works of Sir Christopher Wren, p. 522.
696. Burke’s Peerage.
697. Hospital and Parish of St. Giles, p. 372.
698. Dictionary of National Biography.
699. Walpole’s Letters (Toynbee Edn.) XI., p. 52.
700. Survey of London, Vol. III., pp. 88–89.
701. Parish ratebooks.
 702. Reproduced here.
703. Information kindly supplied by His Grace the Duke of Bedford.
704. Richardson and Gill’s London Houses from 1660 to 1820, p. 67.
705. A. E. Richardson’s Monumental Classic Architecture in Great Britain
and Ireland.
706. Survey of London, Vol. III. (St. Giles-in-the-Fields, Part I.), p. 108.
707. Beresford Chancellor’s History of the Squares of London, pp. 202–10.
708. Information kindly supplied by His Grace the Duke of Bedford.
709. Middlesex Registry Memorials, 1778, II., 409.
710. Reproduced here.
711. In the Parish of St. George, Bloomsbury.
712. Painted Decoration—the Georgian Period, by Ingleson C. Goodison
(Architectural Review, January, 1913).
713. Information kindly supplied by the Rev. Lewis Gilbertson, M.A., F.S.A.
714. Reproduced here.
715. In the Parish of St. George, Bloomsbury.
716. Middlesex Registry Memorials, 1778, II., 409.
717. Survey of London, Vol. III. (St. Giles-in-the-Fields, Part I.), p. 67.
718. Reproduced here.
719. In the Parish of St. George, Bloomsbury.
720. Middlesex Registry Memorials, 1778, IV., 505.
721. Reproduced here.
722. In the Parish of St. George, Bloomsbury.
723. Middlesex Registry Memorials, 1778, IV., 505.
724. See p. 153.
725. Boyle’s Court Guide, however, shows him at the house from 1796 to 1799.
726. The Dictionary of National Biography says that it was at No. 11, Bedford
Square.
727. Reproduced here.
728. Partly in the Parish of St. Giles-in-the-Fields and partly in that of St.
George, Bloomsbury.
729. Reproduced here.
730. Information kindly supplied by His Grace the Duke of Bedford.
731. See p. 151.
732. See pp. 84–5.
733. Reproduced here.
734. Reproduced here.
735. Reproduced here.
736. Reproduced here.
737. See p. 168.
738. Reproduced here.
739. Middlesex Registry Memorials, 1777, VII., 263.
740. Reproduced here.
741. Middlesex Registry Memorials, 1776, VI., 487.
742. Reproduced here.
743. Middlesex Registry Memorials, 1776, VI., 630.
744. Reproduced here.
745. Middlesex Registry Memorials, VI., 631.
746. Survey of London, Vol. III. (St. Giles-in-the-Fields, Part I.), p. 102.
747. Reproduced here.
748. Middlesex Registry Memorials, 1778, II., 314.
749. Dictionary of National Biography.
750. Reproduced here.
751. Middlesex Registry Memorials, 1777, VII., 351.
752. Reproduced here.
753. Middlesex Registry Memorials, 1777, VII., 353.
754. Reproduced here.
755. Middlesex Registry Memorials, 1777, VII., 254.
756. Reproduced here.
757. Middlesex Registry Memorials, 1777, VII., 252.
758. Reproduced here.
759. Middlesex Registry Memorials, 1777, VII., 257.
760. Reproduced here.
761. Middlesex Registry Memorials, 1777, I., 637.
 762. Reproduced here.
763. Middlesex Registry Memorials, 1777, II., 526.
764. Reproduced here.
765. In the Parish of St. George, Bloomsbury.
766. Middlesex Registry Memorials, 1777, I., 631.
767. Reproduced here.
768. Reproduced here.
769. See licence to alienate granted in Patent Roll, 9 Elizabeth (1038).
770. See p. 125.
771. See pardon for alienation granted in Patent Roll, 30 Elizabeth (1321).
772. Information kindly supplied by the City of London Corporation.
773. A. E. Richardson’s Monumental Classic Architecture.
774. A copy is in the County Hall collection.
775. It was the last of several designs prepared for a Select Committee of the
House of Commons who engaged in deliberating on the improvements to the Port,
including a new London Bridge. The view shows two bridges of six arches each,
with a drawbridge in the centre intended for the passage of ships. Between the
bridges flights of steps lead down to the river. The two large areas beyond the
bridges are terminated by crescents. The Monument stands in the chord of the
northern crescent, and a large obelisk in that of the southern.
776. Inquisitiones Post Mortem, Chas. I. (765), 37.
777. John Holles, first Earl of Clare (1564?–1637).
778. It seems probable that the land in question (which, being partly in St.
Giles and partly in St. Pancras, was described sometimes as in one parish,
sometimes in the other) is identical with the land in St. Pancras sold, together with
Clement’s Inn, by Sir William Hawte to William (afterwards Sir William) Holles,
ancestor of the Earls of Clare, in 1532 (Middlesex Feet of Fines, 23 Henry VIII.,
Hil.).
779. The boundary between St. Giles and St. Pancras used to run through the
middle of the close.
780. Middlesex Registry Memorials, 1772, VI., 111.
781. The Old Farm House in Tottenham Court Road, by Ambrose Heal.
782. Reproduced here.
 TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES
1. Silently corrected obvious typographical errors and
variations in spelling.
2. Retained archaic, non-standard, and uncertain spellings
as printed.
3. Linked larger images of maps as indicated by [Click
image for larger version.]
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