BY SURESH KUMAR, CMS: 021-21-0014,

The Ayyub khan era by analyzing its success and reasons of downfall.

Muhammed Ayub Khan Era starts in 1958, Muhammed Ayub Khan put numerous functions to
enhance Pakistan at that time. Muhammed Ayub Khan Era is known as a golden sparrow for
Pakistan “Military DICTATORSHIP”. The first time in history took Pakistan's economy in the
military hand. Muhammed Ayub khan worked on five reform.

 Political reform
 Agricultural reform
 Economic reform
 Social reform
 Education reform

Muhammed Ayub Khan abrogates the 1956 constitution because there were too many drawbacks
like, President can demise Prime Minister, there were no leadership skills people and most
important there was no law. Everyone was above the law at that time, so he abrogates the
constitution of 1956, even the public was happy too because the public at that time was unable to
get their proper right of life, right of merit.

The Major 2 innovative Idea created by Muhammed Ayub Khan.

1. Muhammed Ayub Khan create Elective bodies disqualification order (EBDO) in 1959
in which he disqualified 75 leaders for 8 years from the assemblies. Second
2. Public and representative office disqualification act (PRODA) in which he gives
punish officers who found guilty of corruption, even 3000 officials were dismissed
and reduced the rank of well settle officers.

Then Muhammed Ayub Khan creates a Basic democracy system in which he creates four back
elements of local government.

 Union council: Comprise of 8 to 10 villages.

 Tehsil: Further he divide Tehsil in 2 administrative.
 Official: For permanent post Like Assistant Commissioner.
 Unofficial: Chairman of Council (changeable)
 District: Control will be in the hand of Deputy Commissioner.
 Divisional Council: the Deputy Commissioner the Vice-chairmen.

Ayub khan changed the Capital of Pakistan because of location, population, and security issues.
And make Islamabad the capital of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan.
Ayub Khan selected as prime minister through the Referendum election he was the choice of 80
thousand villages and 95% of people say yes to make him Prime Minister of Pakistan.
Suddenly there was create a problem between India and Pakistan on Indus water Treaty which
was later on resolved by the help of world bank.
 BY SURESH KUMAR, CMS: 021-21-0014,

Muhammed Ayub khan create the Legislative commission under the Shahaab-ud-din and gave
the constitution in 1962. The main features of the Constitution are:

 Objective resolution.
 Name of country Islamic Republic of Pakistan.
 Written constitution
 Presidential constitution.

Then there was a presidential election in 1965 and Muhammed Ayub Khan won electoral votes
about 63% although he lost his little bit of popularity.
Another was between the start between India and Pakistan is known as the war of Second war of
Kashmir.
Because of it, there was a Tashkant Agreement, from Pakistan side Muhammed Ayub Khan and
from India Side, Lal Bahadur Shastri meet in Tashkant and agreed to withdraw from the war and
won’t interfere in each other internal affairs.

Because of it Muhammad Ayub Khan downfall start, there are a few points mentions below.

 No good reaction of public towards Ayub Khan over Tashkant agreement.

 Injustices between two wing East and west.
 Unfair election.
 Increase import of Pakistan.
 Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto resignation and announced PPP.
 Six points of Mujeeb-ul-Rehman.
 Public reaction over Ayub Khan Reaction was not good.