SHS

Philippine Politics
and Governance
Quarter 2 - Module 14
Philippine Politics and Governance
Grade 11/12 Quarter 2 - Module 14: Civil Society and Social Movement
First Edition, 2020

Copyright © 2020
La Union Schools Division
Region I

All rights reserved. No part of this module may be reproduced in any form
without written permission from the copyright owners.

Development Team of the Module

Author: Marybeth Nudas Garcia, T-II

Editor: SDO La Union, Learning Resource Quality Assurance Team

Illustrator: Ernesto F. Ramos Jr., P II

Management Team:

ATTY. Donato D. Balderas, Jr.

Schools Division Superintendent

Vivian Luz S. Pagatpatan, PhD

Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

German E. Flora, PhD, CID Chief

Virgilio C. Boado, PhD, EPS in Charge of LRMS

Mario B. Paneda, Ed.D., EPS in Charge of Araling Panlipunan

Michael Jason D. Morales, PDO II

Claire P. Toluyen, Librarian II

Philippine Politics and
Governance
Quarter 2 - Module 14
Civil Society and Social
Movement
 Target

Most of the Filipinos tend to be participative in the different political

processes happening in the country. As citizens, we should not be apathetic to what
is happening around us. There is a need to develop deep national sentiments to help
our country and countrymen. Therefore, we should stop thinking like individuals; we
should start thinking like we belong to one community as citizens.
In the previous lesson, you have already learned about the nature of elections
and political parties in the Philippines. Political parties and elections play an
important role in the analysis of politics. A political party is a political group that is
officially recognized as being part of the electoral process and who can support (put
forth) candidates for elections (free or not) on a regular basis. In this way, political
parties (party system) and elections are used as a measure of the consolidation of a
society's democracy.
This lesson will provide you with information and various activities that will
help you understand the concept, role, and contributions of civil society societies and
social movements to Philippine democracy.
After going through this lesson, you are expected to explain the concept, role,
and contributions of civil society societies and social movements to Philippine
democracy.
Specific Learning Objectives:
1. define civil society and social movement
2. examine the concept of civil society societies/organizations and social
movements
3. evaluate the functions and roles of civil society organizations and social
movements
4. compare and contrast the features of civil society organizations and
social movements
5. recognize the contributions of civil society organizations and social
movements to Philippine democracy

Before going on, answer the activities below to check on

what you know about the topic. Have fun and good luck!

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 Jumpstart

Activity 1
Directions: Using the graphic organizer below, be able to compare and contrast
social movements from civil society organizations. Enumerate at least three (3)
examples under each. Place your answers in a separate sheet of paper.

Discover

Society is a dynamic system. It is a state of continuous modification and

alteration. Aside from being active in elections, citizens also have the choice to be
active in civil society organizations and social movements. This will allow the people
to aggregate and express their interests.

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I. Civil Society

Concept and Definition of Civil Society

According to Lederach (2001), civil society is a web of human relationships
made individual people, their networks, organizations, and in situations around
which social and community life is built. It is dynamic, adaptive, at times nebulous,
at times well-structured, though much of it is informal. It was claimed by the the
World Health Organization (2015) that civil society city is seen as a social sphere
separated from both the state and the market (Tabajen and Pulma, 2016). According
to Ghaus-Pasha (2004), successful civil societies have the following key
characteristics: (a) separated from the state and the market; (b) formed by people
who have common needs, interests, and values; and (c) developed through a
fundamentally endegenous and autonomous process that is not easily controlled by
the state.
Civil society is termed by the United Nations (UN) as third sector of society,
along with government and business. It comprises civil society organizations and
non-governmental organizations. The term civil society organizations (CSOs) refers to
those non-state, non-profit, voluntary organizations formed by the people in this
social sphere. The term is used to described a broad range or organizations,
networks, associations, groups and movements that are independent of government
and that sometimes come together to advance their common interests through
collective action (World Health Organization, 2015). On the other hand,
nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) are nonprofit and voluntary citizens groups,
which are organized on a local, national, or international level. They perform service
and humanitarian roles, bring citizen concerns to governments, advocate and
monitor policies, and encourage participation through information dissemination.
Similarly, they provide analysis and expertise on speecific issues on the environment,
health and human rights (NGO Global Network, 2016).

Types of Civil Society Organizations

There are various types of civil society organizations as mentioned in the
book of Villanueva (2017). They include:

1. Religious Civil Society Organizations. They do not necessarily promote

worship, but they are more or less linked to a given religion and they act
following a religious precept. Their fields of intervention include education,
health, emergency relief, and basic needs assistance. A good example of
which is the Philippine Red Cross.
2. Community-Based Civil Society Organizations. They are local, based
on solidarity, resources sharing and community building. Their prime
focus is on development (e.g. banks); housing (e.g. the Urban Land Reform
Task Force in the Philippines); social services; civil and legal assistance;
and culture and recreation.
3. Philantrophic Civil Society Organizations. These organizations serve a
cause without any religious affiliation. They are mostly based on values
such as generosity and humanism. They include private and business
foundations and independent non-government organizations (NGOs).
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 4. Expert Civil Society Organizations. They act in new fields that require
some scientific knowledge (e.g. environment and finance). They are not
exclusively composed of experts and scientists but they claim to have an
expertise unit and they publish some technical reports (e.g. Greenpeace
International).
5. Business Civil Society Organizations. These include business and
industry non-government organizations (BINGO) which defend a given
firm’s or industry’s ineterests.
6. Government-Oriented Civil Society Organizations. These are
independent civil organizations, which are more or less influenced and
controlled by national authorities. These are developed in industrialized
Asian countries, particularly in China.
7. Trade Unions. These are organizations whose membership consists of
workers and union leaders, united to protect and promote their common
interests
Types:
a. Company union (house union)
– represents interests of only one company and may not have
any connection with other unions
b. General union (industrial union)
- represents workers from several companies in the same
industry
c. Craft union
- represents skilled workers in a particular field such as
carpentry or welding
Purposes:
a. Negotiate wages and working condition terms
b. Regulate relations between workers and the employer
c. Take collective action to enforce the terms of collective bargaining
d. Raise new demands on behalf of its members
e. Help settle their grievances

Functions and Contributions of Civil Organizations

Paffenholz and Spurk (2010), as mentioned by Tabajen and Pulma (2016),
has identified seven features that civil society plays in peacebuilding. These functions
include: protection, monitoring, advocacy and public communication, social
cohesion, intermediation and facilitation, and service delivery.

1. Protection of citizens: This basic function of civil society consists of

protecting lives, freedom and property against attacks and despotism by
the state or other authorities. It goes back to Locke.
2. Monitoring for accountability: This function consists mainly in
monitoring the activities of the central powers, state apparatus and
government. This is also a way of controlling central authorities and
holding them to account. Monitoring can refer to various issues, such as
human rights, public spending, corruption, and primary school
enrolments. The function is based on Montesquieu’s separation of
powers, but is enhanced by development cooperation perspectives.
3. Advocacy and public communication: Civil society has an important
task to articulate interests— especially of marginalized groups—and to
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 create channels of communication to bring them to the public agenda,
thus raising public awareness and debating them. In development
cooperation this Habermasian function is mainly described as advocacy.
4. Socialization: With its rich associational life civil society contributes to
the formation and practice of democratic attitudes among citizens. Thus
people learn to develop tolerance, mutual trust and the ability to find
compromise by democratic procedures. Thus, democracy is ensured not
only by legal institutions but by citizens’ habits.
5. Building community: Engagement and participation in voluntary
associations also has the potential to strengthen bonds among citizens,
i.e., building social capital. In cases where the associations include
members from other ethnic or social groups it also bridges societal
cleavages and adds to social cohesion.
6. Intermediation and facilitation between citizens and state: Civil
society and its organizations fulfill the role of balancing the power of and
negotiating with the state by establishing diverse relations
(communication, negotiation, control) of various interest groups or
independent institutions to the state. This role goes mainly back to
Montesquieu.
7. Service delivery: The direct provision of services to the citizens forms
an important part of the activities of civil society associations, e.g. self-
help groups. Especially, in cases where the state is weak it becomes a
basic activity to provide shelter, health or education.

To Krut (1997), civil society is crucial to democratization. It enables and

widens participation, protects citizens from the abuse of state power, and guarantees
the political accountability of the state. Civil society organizations can be protectors
and guardians, change-advocates, dispensers and generators of social wealth and
welfare. According to Putnam, as mentioned in the book of Tabajen and Pulma
(2016), civil society prevents the state from abusing its powers and at the same time
pushes it to do better by being accountable and transparent. Civil society aims to
transform unequal power relations in six spheres: country and class, sector and
species, and generationa and generation. It provides social welfare such as child care,
adult literacy, health and other services which the state is unable to provide
sufficiently; and organizing relief and rehanbillitation centers in disaster and war-
torn areas.
Civil society organizations basically promote the interest of the community
and common good. They exist to champion the issues of the so called marginalized
members of the society. These issues include human rights, labor rights,
environmental protections, and poverty as a whole.
They can have a positive influence on both the state and the market. They
are increasingly important in the promotion of good governance, effectiveness, and
accountability. Below are the roles of civil society organizations in good governance
(Ghaus-Pasha, 2004):

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 a. key agent in policy analysis and advocacy;
b. regulates and monitors state performance and behavior of policy officials;
c. builds social capital and enables citizens to identify and articulate their
beliefs, values and ideals;
d. mobilizes particular constituencies – especially the marginalized sectors
of the masses – to participate in public and political affairs; and
e. participates in development work to improve the well-being of its own
and of other communities.

They also influence national policy formulation. To do this, they use a variety
of strategies, tactics and skills and they are summarized in the table below:

Strategies Tactics Skills

Education meetings, media, research, information, analysis,
workshops, conferences, dissemination, communication,
commissions and articulation
Collaboration building relationships, links ommunication, organization,
and cooperation with mobilization, networking
government and other technical capability,
CSOs transparency, openness, and
effectiveness
Persuasion meetings, workshops, organizing, communication,
coalition, lobbying, media, motivation, negotiation,
demonstration commitment, and vision
Litigation use of courts legislation and communication
Confrontation Demonstration, public Mobilizing, communication,
gatherings, speeches mootivation, and leadership

II. Social Movement

Concept and Definition of Social Movement

Philippine politics and the struggle for genuine social change are best
demonstrated through the country’s social movements. Social movements have been
making mark in our history since the colonial period up to the present time. In
general (Colas, 2002), social movements are defined as “a sustained and purposeful
collective mobilized by an identifiable, self-organized group in confrontation with
specific power structures and in the pursuit of socioeconomic and political change.”
A social movement is a collective effort to promote or prevent social change
so that a new order of social thought and action can be taken place. A large number
of people act together with some degree of leadership and organization. Social
movements arise during periods of unrest and dissatisfaction in the political, social,
economic, and cultural dimensions of society. The people unite in an organized
manner to bring changes with the hope that social and political ills of society can be

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changed. The people resist the present condition and express their dissatisfaction
through outright and prolonged actions (Horton and Hunt, 1981).
According to Charles Tilly, as mentioned by Baleña et. al. (2016), there are
three major elements to a social movement namely:

1. Campaigns are sustained, organized public effort making collective

claims of target authorities;
2. Repertoire involves employment of combinations from among the
following forms of political action: creation of special purpose
associations and coalitions, public meetings, solemn processons, vigils,
rallies, demonstrations, petition drives, statements to and in public
media, and pamphleteering; and
3. WUNC displays which means that there is participants’ concerted public
represention of worthiness, unity, numbers, and commitments on the part
of themselves and/or their constituencies.

The Development of Social Movements

The development of social movements most frequently occur in complex and
non-totalitarian societies. Social movements arise from the people’s perception of the
inadequacies of the system to meet the needs of the people. According to Smelmer,
as mentioned by Zulueta (2011), social movements evolve through a series of stages
as a pre-condition of the developement of any type of behavior and they are as follows:

1. Social unrest. This state is normally characterized by unfocused

restlessness and increasing disorder. Most often, the prospective
participants are not aware that the other people share the same
feelingand concern. As rumors spread, people become susceptible to the
temperament of the agitators. These agitators make people more aware
of their discontentment on the existing problem and foment their feelings
to get them thinking.
2. Popular excitement. During this period, people with similar concerns
begin to establish rapport with one another and openly and vehemently
express their anger and restlessness. Consequently, the group begins to
acquire a collective identity and more definite ideas and deliberate
strategies emerged. It may be mentioned that a leader is necessary to
help define the vision and mission of the movement and point out
obstacles that must be overcome.
3. Formalization. Formal structure is developed and institutionalized
during this stage. Rules, policies and strategies are clearly laid out.
Movements make concerted efforts to influence the center of power. The
leaders, with the help of the members, develop the ideology, symbols,
and slogans that will create awareness to keep the movement alive.
4. Institutionalization. In this stage, it becomes integrated into society
and has permanent office and personnel to continue its efforts for
bringing about social change. In some instances, the success of a
movement leads to the development of new social movements. On the
other hand, some movements never reach this stage because they are
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 suppressed by formal or informal powers and disappear or go
underground.

For Blumer (1985), there are four stages in the life cycle of social movements
and they are as follows:

1. Emergence. Within this stage, social movements are very preliminary

and there is little to no organization. Instead this stage can be thought
of as widespread discontent. This early stage can also be considered
within a specific social movement organization (SMO). A social movement
organization is an organization that is or has been associated with a
social movement and which carries out the tasks that are necessary for
any social movement to survive and be successful.
2. Coalescence. This stage is also known as popular stage, and is
characterized by a more clearly defined sense of discontent. At this stage
in the life cycle, social movements have overcome some obstacles which
many never overcome. Social unrest or discontent passes without any
organizing or wide spread mobilization. It is no longer just a general
sense of unease, but now a sense of what the unease is about and who
or what is responsible.
3. Bureaucratization. During this stage, social movements have had some
success in thay they have raised awareness to a coordinated strategy is
necessary across all of the SMOs. Social movements can no longer just
rely on mass rallies or inspirational leaders to progress towards their
goals and build constituencies; they must rely on trained staff to carry
out the functions of organizations.
4. Decline. This does not necessarily mean failure for social movements.
There are four ways in which social movements can decline: (a)
repression – occurs when authorities or agents acting on behalf of the
authorities, use measures to control or destroy a social movemement; (b)
co-optation – occurs when movement leaders come to associate with
authorities or movement targets more than with the social movement
constituents; (c) success – many social movements have goals that are
much less clearly defined and many organize new campaigns once other
are wrapping up either through success or compromise; and (d) failure –
ussually occurs when there are stratigical failures in the movement
(Arcinas, 2016).

Types of Social Movements

In the last few decades, a number of social movements have developed. Each
one involves a collective effort to bring about social change and establish a new order.
Social movements arise to oppose the traditional culture and the other is to maintain
it. They can be classified as (1) reactionary (reacts negatively to whatever change will
destroy the preservation of the existing values); (2) conservative ( aims to protect the
status quo and social order); (3) reform (seeks to modify specific types of social
change; and (4) revolutionary (seeks to change the whole social order as a means of
creating a new one.).
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 In the book of Baleña et.al. (2016), the following are the types of social
movements are emphasized:

A. According to Scope
1. Reform Movements. They seek to modify specific types of social change in
various areas of life such as political, economic, social, cultural snd religious
dimensions without destroying or changing the entire system (Ariola, 2012).
They are advocates of changing some norms or laws in an institution or
community. These include: (a) a trade union with a goal of increasing the
rights of the laborers; (b) a green movement that advocate setting of ecological
laws; and/or (c) a movement supporting the implementation of capital
punishment. Some reform movements may aim for a change in custom and
moral norms .
2. Radical Movements. These are dedicated to changing the value systems in a
fundamental way. A civil rights movement that demands full implementation
of civil rights and equality under the law of all the citizens is an example.

B. According to Change
1. Innovation Movements. They aim to introduce or change particular norms
and values. The Singularitarianism Movement that advocates measured
action to effect and ensure the safety of the technological singularity is a good
example (Baleña, 2016).
2. Conservative Movements. These movements strongly resist change because
they want to protect the status quo or existing order (Zulueta, 2006).

C. According to Targets
1. Group-Focused Movements. They fixed on moving groups or society in
general like advocating change in the country’s political system. Most of the
members join a political party but still many remain outside the reformist
party political system.
2. Individual-Focused Movements. They are focused on affecting the
individuals. The different religious movements are categorized here.

D. According to Methods of Work

1. Peaceful Movements. They are non-violent. Their means of protest are
diplomatic and they campaigh for non-violent resistance.
2. Violent Movements. Members of these type usually resort to vilent means of
protesting and campaigning. Members are usually armed and in extreme
cases can take a form of paramilitary or even terrorist organization like the Al-
Qaida. They are somewhat revolutionary – seeks to change the whole social
order and establish a new one in a radical and violent means to achieve their
purpose.

E. According to Age
1. Old Movements. These movements have existed for many years or even
centuries. Most of the oldest recognized movements have existed since the late

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 18th and 19th centuries and they struggled for changes in their respective
social groups.
2. New Movements. These movements came into realization just at the turn of
the secnd half of the 20th century. The feminist movement is an example,
which advocates the change of society’s perception towards women and aims
to achieve equality among the genders (Francisco and Francisco, 2016).
Environmentalist movements also fall under these.

F. According to Range
1. Global Movements. These are movements whose objectives and goals are
globally. They pursue change at a global level. (Examples: First Internationals
and World Social Forum Movements)
2. Local Movements. These movements are local in terms of scope. They are
focused on the local or regional objectives like protecting a natural park or
area and lobbying for the lowering of tolls in a certain tollway.

III. Civil Society in the Philippines

The legal framework for civil society in the Philippines is pprovided in the
1987 Philippine Constitutions, including, but not limited to:

a. “ The State shall encourage non-governmental, community-based, or

sector organizations that promote the welfare of the nation.” - Article II,
Section 23

b. “ The State shall respect the role of independent people’s organizations

to enable the people to pursue and protect, within the democratic
framework, their legitimate and collective interests and aspirations
through peaceful and lawful means. “ – Article XIII, Section 15

c. “ The right of the people and their organizations to effective and

reasonable participation at all levels of social, political, and economic
decision-making shall not be abridged. the State shall, by law, facilitate
the establishment of adequate consultation and mechanics.” - Article
XIII, Section 15

Aside from the Philippine Constitution, the 1991 Local Government Code of
the Philippines also provides for the importance of civil society organizations in local
development. The Code emphasizes the participation of CSOs in local government
planning, policy making and delivery of social services (Villanueva, 2017).
It was found out that CSOs in the Philippines are among the most vibrant
and advanced in the world. The country has the largest number of NGOs per capita
in Asia, and several key international NGOs and networks are based in the
Philippines and are headed by Filipinos. (Asian Development Bank, 2007). There are
a different types of CSOs in the country, but three are considered more important
ones. These include the following:

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 1. People’s Organizations. They represent marginalized groups and are
often organized based on sector, issue, or geographical are.
2. Development Non-Government Organizations. These are immediate
agencies that operate with a full-time staff.
3. Cooperatives. These are associations of individuals who voluntarily
joined to make equitable contributions to the capital required, patronize
their products and services, and accept fair share in risks and benifits of
the project.

The civil society organizations in the Philippines are seen to to be involved in

a broad range of activities which include: (a) education, training, and human
resource and development; (b) community development; (c) enterprise development
and employment generation; (d) health and nutrition; (e) law, advocacy, and politics;
and (f) sustainable development.
Listed below are some of the CSOs found in the Philippines and their focus,
objective and/ or advocacies (Asian Development bank Civil Society Briefs, 2007) :

1. Association of Founndations (1972). It advocates education, culture,

science and technology, governance, social development, environment,
and sustainable development.
2. Affiliated Network for Social Accountability in East Asia and the
Pacific (2008). It promotes the practice of social accountability that
capitalizes on existing in-country networks working in governance
reform.
3. Asian NGO Coalition for Agrarian Reform and Rural Development
(1979). It is focused on food security, agrarian reform, sustainable
agriculture, participatory governance, and rural development.
4. Bagong Alyansang Makabayan (1985). It fights for national and social
liberation against imperialism, feudalism, and bureaucratic capitalism.
It advocates for nationalistic and democratic needs of the people through
legal and militant forms of struggle.
5. Caucuss of Development NGO Networks (1991). It represents more
that 1, 600 development NGOs, people’s organizations, and cooperatives
nationwide.
6. National Confederation of Cooperatives (1977). It is composed of
around 1.6 million individual members coming from several cooperative
federations and around 406 rural-based and urban-based cooperatives.
7. National Council of Social Development (1949). It was considered the
first NGO network given license and accreditation by the government for
community-based programs for children and families.
8. National Secretariat of Social Action-Justice and Peace (1966). It was
created by the Catholic Bishops’ Conference of the Philippines (CBCP). It
focuses on poverty allevation, democratic governance, ecology and
integrity of creation, peace, and development.

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 9. NGO Forum on ADB (1991). Its main objective is to make the ADB
responsible and accountable for the impacts of its own projects and
policies.
10. Philippine NGO Council on Population, Health, and Welfare (1987).
It promotes reproductive health, gender equity and equality, women’s
rights and development, nonformal education, sustainable development,
and HIV/AIDS prevention and care.
11. Philippine Partnership for the Development of Human Resources in
Rural Areas (1983). It is involved in community organization and the
provision of health, education, and livelihood services to marginalized
groups in the countryside.

IV. Social Movements in Philippine History

Philippine politics and the struggle for genuine social change are best
demonstrated through the country’s social movements. Social movements have been
making mark in our history since the colonial period up to the present time.
A good demonstration of the significance of social movements would be the
anti-dictatorship movement and the People Power EDSA revolution during the
Marcos Regime. The lifting of Martial Law in 1981 and the assassination of Senator
Benigno Aquino Sr. in 1983 led to the 1986 EDSA Revolution. It was regarded to be
a successful movement for it dethroned President Ferdinand Marcos who held power
for almost 20 years. This massive social movement was joined by different sectors
and ciivil society organizations in the country. A similar social movement happened
in 2001, which caused President Joseph Estrada to be dethroned from his office.
This event is now known as EDSA People Power II. Just like the EDSA Revolution I,
it was successful because of the massive support of various civil society movements
(Paliwen and Paliwen, 2017).

1. Philippine Social Movements before Martial Law

During the Spanish colonial period, political resistance against the
existing order was expressed through the priest-led revolts and the
millenarian movements. Their concerns were framed within the context
of their economic rights and for the former, the return of communal
autonomy. The rise of principalia and ilustrado class, who have already
economic power, wanted political and social change through reforms.
The Revolution of 1869 led by the Katipunan, mainly represented by the
farmers and the working class, resorted to armed struggle to achieve
Philippine independence. In the American period, the persistent
suppression of the peasants and the working class gave impetus to the
rise of socialist/communist movements.

2. Social Movements During the Martial Law

During the Martial Law, social movements continue to perpetuate
but this time they took a different form on how they framed issues as
well as the strategies they used. The socialist/communist movements
like the Communist Party of the Philippines or CPP remained dominant.

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 Still, social movements framed their context within the socioeconomic
inequalities and social injustice. Martial law years were one of the
darkest phases of the Philippine history. The evils of Martial law and
how the Filipinos triumphed against the dictator who took them for
granted were elaborated on the section about the importance of social
movements.

3. Social Movements After the Martial Law Up to the Present

Administration
Social movements are reminders that poverty and socioeconomic
equalities continue to linger, not only in the Philippine society, but on
other countries as well. This can be explained of the continuing
communist insurgency, which had been a pre-Martial law phenomenon.
Today, one can see students participating on the mobilizations on the
busy streets of Mendiola. The students did not limit themselves to their
schools but went to the surrounding cities and countryside to organize
the workers and the peasants. The rallying burgeoning studentry framed
their issues in the context of the fight against neocolonialism,
imperialism, militant repression of IPs, and most recently the haste
burial of the late dictator Ferdinand Marcos. Social movements took a
different form on the era of internet and social media. Organizing people,
spreading awareness, and voicing out one’s opinion is much easier today
because of social media platforms (Tadem,T and Morada, N. 2006).

Explore

Here are some enrichment activities for you to work on to

master and strengthen the basic concepts you have
learned from this lesson.

Enrichment Activity 1
Directions: Complete the graphic organizers found on the next page. Write your
answer in a separate sheet of paper.

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A. The Functions/Roles of Civil Society Organizations and Social Movements

Functions/Roles

Civil Society Social Movements

Organizations

B. The Different Types of Social Movements

Types of Social
Movements

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Enrichment Activity 2
Directions: Complete the table by listing down civil society organizations or social
movements in our country that can be categorized as local level, national level or.
global level Write your answer in a separate sheet of paper.

Name of Civil Society or Social Movement

A. Local Level 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
B. National 1.
Level 2.
3.
4.
5.
C. Global Level 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Great job! You have understood the lesson. Are you

ready now to summarize?

Activity 1
Deepen

Directions: Answer the following questions briefly but substantially. Write your
answer in a separate sheet of paper. Your answers will be scored based on the
rubrics below.

Criteria Score

Content 2

Mechanics 2

Neatness 1

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 1. How would you view the effect of EDSA Revolution I and II events to the
occurence of socio-political change in the Philippines?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

2. How does civil society organizations and social movements caused social and
political change?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

3. Some individuals or groups resort to throwing out the exiting social order
throw movements because accoording to them the present social order is
unfair and unjust to them. Give your stand to this.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Activity 2.
Directions: Assume you are a founder of a civil society organization in your
community. To inform the people about it, you are then tasked to make an
infographic that will state its name, vision, mission, objective, and core values.
Present this important data through a concept map. Place your output in a separate
sheet of paper and be guided with the rubric below.

Criteria Score

Content 2

Mechanics 2

Neatness 1

Great job! You are almost done with this lesson.

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 Gauge

Assessment 1
Directions: Analyze each statement below. Write TRUE if it is correct, otherwise
FALSE. Place your answers in a separate sheet of paper.

1. Civil society organizations and social movements help bring about social change.
2. The People Power EDSA revolution was successful in removing Ferdinand Marcos
and his cohorts, from power.
3. All social movements are pro-change or promoters of societal betterment.
4. Interest groups are not synonymous with social movements.
5. Civil society is independent from the state, but it is oriented toward and interacts
closely with the state and the political sphere.
6. Decline always means failure for social movements.
7. The direct provision of services to the citizens forms an important part of the
activities of civil society associations.
8. The different religious movements are categorized under Group-Focused
Movements.
9. Civil society organizations in the Philippines are among the most vibrant and
advanced in the world.
10. Both social movements and civil society have structures like organizations, a
well identified leadership and ideology.
11. Bureaucratization is also known as popular stage, and is characterized by a
more clearly defined sense of discontent.
12. The leaders, with the help of the members, develop the ideology, symbols, and
slogans that will create awareness to keep the movement alive happen during
the institutionalization stage.
13. Social movements nowadays are more active in the virtual world through social
media.
14. Members of the Communist Party of the Philippines and the New People’s Army
as radicals because they want to eliminate the capitalist structure of the society
are classified as radicals.
15. Reactionaries favor a policy that would return society to a previous condition or
even a former value system.

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Assessment 2
Directions: Guided with the question below, write in a separate sheet of paper your
reflective essay in not more than 120 words and not less tha 100 words. Your essay
will be scored based on the rubrics below.

Criteria Score
Details/Content of Essay 8
Mechanics and Grammar 6
Originality 4
Neatness 2

What is your most significant learning about the topic with particular
reference to the contribution of the civil society organizations or social movements
existing in your respective communities especially at this time where we are faced
with a health crisis?

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 19
Assessment
1. True
2. True
3. False
4. False
5. True
6. False
7. True
8. False
9. True
10. True
11. False
12. False
13. True
14. True
15. True
Answer Key
References
Printed Materials
Arcinas, Myla M. (2016). Understanding Culture, Society and Politics. The Padayon
Series. Quezon City, Philippines: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.
Ariola, Mariano M. (2012). Sociology and Anthropology with Family Planning. Manila,
Philippines: Purely Books Trading and Publishing Corp.
Baleña, Ederlinda D. et.al. (2016). Understanding Culture, Society and Politics for
Senior High School. Quezon City, Philippines: Educational Resource
Corporation
Blumer, Herbert (1985). Collective Behavior. New York: Barnes and Noble
Francisco, P. S. and Francisco, V.J. (2016). Introduction to Philippine Politics and
Government. Manila, Philippines: Midshapers Company Incorporated
Asian Development bank Civil Society Briefs, 2007).
https://www.adb.org/sites/default//files/publication/30174/csb-phi.pdf
Ghaus-Pasha, Aisha (2004). Role of Civil Sociey Organizations in Governance.
Retrieved October 16, 2020
https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.625.1861&rep
=rep1&type=pdf
Lederach, John Paul. (2001) “Civil Society and Reconciliation, in Turbulent Peace.
The Challenges of Managing International Conflict, ed. Crocker et al
(Washington, DC.: United States Institute of Peace Press
Paffenholz, Thania and Christoph Spurk, (2010) “A comprehensive Analytical
Framework,” in Civil Society and Peacebuilding: A critical assessment, ed.
Thania Paffenholz
Paliwen, R.A. and Paliwen, R.M. (2017). Philippine Politics and Governance, First
Edition. Manila, Philippines: Rex Bookstore
Tabajen, R. C. and Pulma, E. B. (2016). Philippine Politics and Governance. Pasay
City, Philippines: JFS Publishing Services
Tadem,T., & Morada, N. (2006). Philippine Politics and Governance: Challenges to
Democratization and Development. Diliman, QC: University of the Philippines
Press
Villanueva, Prince Aian G. (2017). Philippine Politics and Governance, Senior High
School Series. Makati City, Philippines: Diwa Learning Systems Inc.
World Health Organization (2015). Retrieved October 16, 2020
(https://www.who.int/social_determinants/themes/civilsociety/en/)
Zulueta, F. (2011). Anthropological and Sociological Concepts and Perspectives.
Mandaluyong City, Philippines: National Bookstore

Website:

https://www.sociologyguide.com/civil-society/literacy-and-civil-society.php

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