Expressions and Equations

Unit I
Expressions and Equations
Many algebraic properties help us manage calculations
easier, allowing us to maximize our work efficiency. For
example, knowing how to simplify algebraic expressions
helps us analyze work rates and thus, allows us to predict
the amount of work that can be done in a certain period of
time. Algebraic codes are also used in some machines that
help in mass production. Furthermore, the knowledge of
expressing statements in symbols also facilitates solving
problems involving several factors.
Expressions and Equations
Many algebraic properties help us manage calculations
easier, allowing us to maximize our work efficiency. For
example, knowing how to simplify algebraic expressions
helps us analyze work rates and thus, allows us to predict
the amount of work that can be done in a certain period of
time. Algebraic codes are also used in some machines that
help in mass production. Furthermore, the knowledge of
expressing statements in symbols also facilitates solving
problems involving several factors.
Factoring Polynomials
Chapter 1
Lesson 1: Factoring by the Greatest Common Factor
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:

 factor completely different types of polynomials with

a common monomial factor.
 factor completely different types of polynomials with
a common binomial factor.
 factor completely by grouping.
 Solve problems involving factors of polynomials.
 Architect Erwin was tasked
to design a rectangular garden
with a surrounding walkway for
his client. He was given a total
area of 96 square meters ( 𝑚𝑚2 ) to
work on. What are the possible
dimensions of the garden?
Here are some possible dimensions that he proposed:

Area Dimensions Perimeter

(in square meters) (in meters) (in meter)

96 96 by 1 96(2) + 1(2) = 194

96 48 by 2 48(2) + 2(2) = 100

o How do you think Erwin planned the dimensions of
the rectangular garden?

o Can you give other possible dimensions of the

garden?
 Erwin proposed the different designs
based on the area specified by his client,
2
which is 96 𝑚𝑚 . In the given table, note that
the dimensions he proposed are factors of 96.
 Aside from whole numbers, algebraic expressions
are also used to represent areas and dimensions. For
example, if the dimensions of a rectangular garden are
x + 3 and x + 4,
then the area of the garden is
𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐 + 𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕 + 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬 𝐮𝐮𝐮𝐮𝐮𝐮𝐮𝐮𝐮𝐮
2
In this example, x + 3 and x + 4 are the factors of 𝑥𝑥 +
7x + 12
Factoring is the process of writing polynomials as
a product of two or more numbers or terms.

𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐 + 𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕 + 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 = (x + 3) (x + 4 )

product factors
 One technique to write a polynomial
expression in factored form is to look for its
greatest common factor (GCF).

This GCF is factored out and multiplied to the

remaining terms in the expression.
 The process of writing a polynomial by
factoring out a monomial factor common to
all the terms is called common monomial
factoring. If each of the factors cannot be
factored any further, then we say that the
polynomial is factored completely.
 Some expressions have common factors
that we have more than one term. In some
cases, a common factor may be a binomial,
trinomial, or polynomial. But regardless of its
form, this common factor is factored out from
the expression and the remaining factors may
be combined.
Factoring by grouping.
1. Group the first and last two terms of the
expression such that each group has a
common factor.
2. Factor each group.
3. Factor out the common binomial.
Factoring using common factors may also
be used to solve real-world problems.
 Not all polynomials may be written as
a product of two or more numbers or
terms. When the only way to factor a
polynomial is by writing it as a product of
1 and itself, then it is said to be prime.
 Create a layout of a rectangular piece of
land with an area that is factorable using the
greatest common factor. Determine the
dimensions of the land and create a scenario
that leads to a word problem based on this
illustration. Accompany your work with
complete solutions and present it to the class.