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1st Semester Examination – November 2023

GCSE 9-1 PSYCHOLOGY
Paper 1
YEAR 11 Time: 1 hour 45 minutes

Total Marks: 98 Subject Teacher:

• Use black ink or ball-point pen.

• Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name.
• Answer all questions.
• Answer the questions in the spaces provided - there Question Marks
may be more space than you need. No.
01 - 03
Information 04 - 05
• The total mark for this paper is 98.
06 -08
• The marks for each question are shown in brackets - use this
as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question. 09 - 11
• Questions labelled with an asterisk (*) are ones where 12 -13
the quality of your written communication will be 14 - 16
assessed. You should take particular care on these
questions with your spelling, punctuation and grammar,
17
as well as the clarity of expression. 18
Advice 19
• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it. 20-21
• Keep an eye on the time. 22
• Try to answer every question. 23-24
• Check your answers if you have time at the end. 25 -26
27 - 28
Name of the Setter Mr. Stephen Perera 29
30
Name of the Subject Head Mr. Chinthaka Wijayasinghe
TOTAL

Page 1 of 28
 SECTION A: DEVELOPMENT – HOW DID YOU DEVELOP?
Answer ALL questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided. Choose ONE option
from each multiple-choice question list unless indicated otherwise.

1. What did Gunderson et al.'s (2013) study aim to demonstrate?

 The negative effects of artificial settings on children's behaviour.

 The natural environment's impact on cognitive development.

 The biases in experimental studies conducted by Dweck.

 The inconsistency between experiment and observation.

(Total for Question 1 = 1 mark)

2. What is the purpose of schemas in Piaget's theory of cognitive development?

 Schemas are mental disorders that hinder learning.

 Schemas are fixed patterns of behaviour that cannot be changed.

 Schemas help children form ideas and frameworks to understand the world.

 Schemas are stages of development that children go through.

(Total for Question 2 = 1 mark)

3. Describe the function of the cerebellum. (2)

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(Total for Question 3 = 2 marks)

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4. Aaron is playing with a toy car and insists that the car is alive and can think and feel like a
person.

(a) Explain this behaviour based on Piaget's theory. (2)

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(b) Identify the stage of development the child is in. (1)

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(Total for Question 4 = 3 marks)

5. During a netball game, both Sarah and Kate make mistakes that cost their team points. After the
game, Sarah feels defeated and says, "I'm just not cut out for this." Kate remains optimistic, saying,
"I made some mistakes, but I can learn from them and do better next time."

Identify the mindset displayed by each child's reaction.

Sarah: ………………………………………………………

Kate: ……………………………………………………….

(Total for Question 5 = 1 mark)

6. Explain the significance of delaying rewards in promoting self-control and persistence, as

recommended by Willingham.
(2)
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(Total for Question 6 = 2 marks)

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7. The main aim of Piaget and Inhelder's (1956) “Three Mountains" study was to investigate the
extent to which children of different ages were able to take the viewpoint of another person and
their overall ability to integrate different perspectives of a scene.
Explain one weakness of this study.
(2)
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(Total for Question 7 = 2 marks)

8. Alex, an 18-year-old, participates in a peaceful protest to advocate for a change in university

policies that he believes are unjust and discriminatory, while his younger brother Jim, aged 9, says
that if he was in Alex’s situation, he would only consider about “what’s in it for him.”
Identify each stage of moral reasoning according to Kohlberg’s (1958) theory of moral
development that Alex's behaviour and Jim’s behaviour corresponds to. Explain how his behaviour
can be understood based on this stage.
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(Total for Question 8 = 4 marks)

Total for Section A = 16 marks

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 SECTION B: MEMORY – HOW DOES YOUR MEMORY WORK?

Answer ALL questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided. Choose ONE option from each
multiple-choice question list unless indicated otherwise.

9. Identify the stimulus that participants had to learn in Peterson and Peterson (1959).
(1)
 Word lists
 Trigrams
 Numbers
 Lights
(Total for Question 9 = 1 mark)

10. Pradeep is in his psychology class when a female intruder enters, threatens the teacher and steals
a mobile phone.
The next day Pradeep says that the intruder was male and carrying a gun, which is not true.
Explain why Pradeep’s memory for the event may be inaccurate the following day. You should refer
to a theory in your answer.
(2)

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(Total for Question 10 = 2 marks)

11. John has a new telephone number. Mark asked him for the new telephone number and John read
out the 11-digit number. When Mark tried to recall the telephone number, he had forgotten some
of the digits.
Explain why Mark had forgotten some of the digits from the telephone number. You should refer to
the Multi-store Model of Memory in your answer. (2)
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(Total for Question 11 = 2 marks)

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12. Describe the difference between anterograde amnesia and retrograde amnesia. (2)

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(Total for Question 12 = 2 marks)

13. Describe the difference between the terms ‘reductionism’ and ‘holism’. (2)

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(Total for Question 13 = 2 marks)

14. Ross has created a study to test the role of attention in memory. He used words for colours, such
as ‘green’, ‘blue’ and ‘red’. Each word was presented to participants written in a colour that did
not match the word meaning, for example the word ‘Orange’ was written in black text, as shown
in Figure 1.

Orange

Figure 1

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 Participants were individually shown the words in the same order using a projector at a rate of one
word every second. They had to state the colour of the text for the word they saw. Ross presented
a total of 30 words.
Ross also tested one participant as a control measure where the colour and the word matched, for
example ‘red’ was written in red.

Table 1 shows Ross’s results.

Number of correct colour

Participant
statements (out of 30)

A 10

B 12

C 9

D 11

E
(control) 30
Table 1

a) Explain one conclusion Ross could make from the data in Table 1. (2)

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b) Explain two strengths of Ross’s study.

(4)

Strength 1

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 Strength 2

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c) State one improvement that Ross could make to his study.

(1)

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(Total for Question 14 = 7 marks)

TOTAL FOR SECTION B = 16 MARKS

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 SECTION C: PSYCHOLOGICAL PROBLEMS –
HOW WOULD PSYCHOLOGICAL PROBLEMS AFFECT YOU?
Answer ALL questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided. Choose ONE option from
each multiple-choice question list unless indicated otherwise.

15. Identify the percentage of participants across the groups who reported experiencing four or
more stressful life events in Caspi et al. (2003). (1)

 45%

 35%

 25%

 15%

(Total for Question 15 = 1 mark)

16. Which two key stages are involved in CBT when treating addiction?

 Emotional analysis and medication management.

 Functional analysis and skills training.

 Group therapy and relaxation techniques.

 Confrontation and isolation.

(Total for Question 16 = 1 mark)

17. Raymond has been experiencing depression. He has been struggling to get out of bed to go to work and
has attempted suicide. Raymond has not been eating properly and has felt tired and lethargic at work.
Raymond’s mother has recently been diagnosed with a life-threatening illness, and his father was
diagnosed with depression when Raymond was a baby.
(a) State one possible cause of Raymond’s depression that could be defined as ‘nature’ in the above
scenario.
(1)

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(b) State one possible cause of Raymond’s depression that could be defined as ‘nurture’ in the
above scenario.
(1)

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(c) Explain one way that drugs could be used as a treatment to help Raymond.
(2)

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(d) Explain one weakness of using drugs as a treatment to help Raymond.

(2)

Weakness:

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(Total for Question 17 = 6 marks)

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18. Riyana plays a video game and finds that she needs to play it more each day. She gets very angry
when she is not allowed to play the video game at home. On some occasions, Riyana plays the
video game throughout the night, and this means that she does complete her homework and has
stayed awake all night before going to school. Riyana’s friend finds her trembling and sobbing in
the school toilets because her mobile phone would not connect to the game while at school.

(a) Name two symptoms of addiction that Riyana displays.

(2)
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(b) Explain, using one learning theory, why Riyana may have her addiction.
(2)

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(c) Explain one strength and one weakness of learning theory to account for Riyana’s addiction.
(4)
Strength:

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Weakness:

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(Total for Question 18 = 8 marks)

TOTAL FOR SECTION C = 16 MARKS

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 SECTION D: THE BRAIN AND NEUROPSYCHOLOGY – HOW DOES YOUR BRAIN AFFECT YOU?
Answer ALL questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided. Choose ONE option
from each multiple-choice question list unless indicated otherwise.

19. Figure 1 shows an image of the human brain with two areas labelled.

Figure 1
(a) Identify one function of the area X of the brain.
(1)
 Planning/organisation

 Interpreting auditory information

 Balance/coordination

 Sensory perception

(b) Identify one function of the area Y of the brain.

(1)
 Language processing

 Emotions

 Interpreting visual information

 Consciousness
(Total for Question 19 = 2 marks)

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 20. Margaret has suffered a stroke, which has damaged her left hemisphere.
Explain one problem Margaret may experience as a result of the damage to her left hemisphere.
You should refer to the role of the left hemisphere in your answer.
(2)

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(Total for Question 20 = 2 marks)

21. Anthony suffered neurological damage. He is now unable to recognise some household items,
including a torch, remote, telephone and computer when he sees them.

Explain why Anthony cannot recognise these items.

You should refer to a concept of neurological damage in your answer.

(2)

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(Total for Question 21 = 2 marks)

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22. Chang is a split-brain patient from China who has had the corpus callosum, which connects the
two hemispheres in the brain, severed.

Chang goes to a magic show one evening. During the magic show the magician asks for a
volunteer and he volunteers and has to go on stage. Whilst on stage Chang is asked to select an
object from inside a bag and choose one of the objects (but keep the object inside the bag).
Chang uses his left hand to pick a marble.

The magician tries to guess the object Chang has picked and writes down his answer and puts it
inside an envelope. Chang is asked to say to the audience which object he picked before the
contents of the envelope are revealed.

(a) Explain what Chang is likely to say. You should refer to Sperry (1968) in your answer. (2)

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(b) Explain two weaknesses of using Sperry (1968) to account for what Chang is likely to say.
(4)

Weakness one:

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 Weakness two:

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(Total for Question 22 = 6 marks)

23. Ben is investigating the role of the central nervous system. He wants to know how a new drug
called ‘Ft-5’ affects memory and behaviour.

Ben recruits volunteers to take ‘Ft-5’ and takes various measures before and
also whilst under the influence of the drug.
The mean results of Ben’s investigation are given in Table 3.

Before taking the Under the influence

drug of the drug

% correct 87 86
Memory task Time taken
32 46
(seconds)
Coordination
18 19
(out of 20)
Driving task Navigation (number
of errors out of 10) 2 7

Table 3

Page 16 of 28
Explain two conclusions you can make from the data in Table 3 regarding ‘FT-5’. (4)

Conclusion 1:

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Conclusion 2:

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(Total for Question 23 = 4 marks)

TOTAL FOR SECTION D = 16 MARKS

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 SECTION E: SOCIAL INFLUENCE – HOW DO OTHERS AFFECT YOU?
Answer ALL questions. Choose ONE option from each multiple-choice question list unless indicated
otherwise

24. Haney, Banks, and Zimbardo (1973) conducted a study that has become commonly known as
the ‘Stanford Prison Experiment’.
(a) Identify the number of days that the study by Haney, Banks, and Zimbardo (1973) ran for
before being abandoned. (1)

 10 days

 6 days

 5 days

 8 days

(b) How many people responded to the newspaper advertisement in Haney, Banks and
Zimbardo (1973)?. (1)

 50

 75

 100

 125

(Total for Question 24 = 2 marks)

25. Describe how one situational factor could affect bystander intervention. (2)

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(Total for Question 25 = 2 marks)

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26. Lineesha goes to the cinema to watch a film with her friends. She wants to watch a film about aliens
taking over the world, whereas her friends all want to watch a film about surfing. Lineesha goes to
watch the film about surfing.

Explain why Lineesha went to see the film about surfing. You should refer to a factor affecting
conformity to majority influence in your answer. (2)

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(Total for Question 26 = 2 marks)

27. David works with a local cricket team. His team plays other teams twice in a major tournament –
once at their home ground and once away at the opponent’s ground. David worries about levels
of verbal abuse at home matches when all fans are wearing the same blue cricket jersey. At away
matches the fans do not wear the blue cricket jersey and do not display any verbal abuse.

(a) Explain why the fans may show more verbal abuse when wearing the blue cricket jersey than
when they do not. You should refer to a study in your answer. (2)

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David records the levels of verbal abuse reported by the police at the next home and
away matches.
Figure 2 shows the results.

(b) Explain one conclusion David can make regarding the abusive behaviour of the fans. (2)

Conclusion:

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(c) Explain one way David could improve his study. (2)

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(Total for Question 27 = 6 marks)

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28. A high-ranking soldier in the army is ordering the soldiers in his command to harm innocent
villagers. He is telling the soldiers to go to the houses in the village, remove people from their
houses and take them to a central unit where they are being hurt. The people in the houses are all
innocent of any crime.
Explain two ways that blind obedience to the high-ranking soldier could be prevented.

You should use concepts or research evidence about obedience to authority to justify your answer.
(4)
1st Way

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2nd Way

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(Total for Question 28 = 4 marks)

TOTAL FOR SECTION E = 16 MARKS

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 SECTION F
Answer all questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided.
29. Dev was given a popular video game and console for his birthday. He began playing at the
weekends with his friends but quickly wanted to play it excessively also playing it online.

Dev is now playing the game during the week and into the night. He has even said he is unwell
when he was not so that he could have time off school to continue playing the game.

Dev has recently been diagnosed with addiction.

Assess the possible contribution of both nature and nurture for Dev’s addiction to his computer
video game. (9)

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(Total for Question 29 = 9 marks)

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30. Becky is playing tennis at school and is trying to get selected to play for the school team. Becky is
trying to win a point in a tennis match but misses the ball and trips over and her head hits the floor.
She tries to play another point but misses with another swing.

Becky loses the point and thinks she will never be good enough to win a tennis match and walks
off the court. Her tennis coach asks her to try again the next time they play. Before the next
game, Becky practises a lot with her friends. When the next team selection game comes Becky
wins a match and is selected to play for the school team.

When Becky plays for the school tennis team, she becomes very competitive and shouts at the
opposition players during matches. When she goes home, she is quiet and reserved.
Assess Becky’s behaviour using two areas of psychology that you have studied. (9)

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(Total for Question 30 = 9 marks)

TOTAL FOR SECTION F = 18 MARKS

END OF PAPER

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