MENSURATION

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LOOK at what we’re learning

• Introduction
• Units of measurement
• Perimeter
• Perimeter of regular and irregular shapes
• Area
• Area of square and rectangle
• Applications on Perimeter and Area

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10.1 INTRODUCTION
In geometry, we have studied about different shapes which includes rectangles, squares, triangles
and a lot more. Suppose, we want to decorate a table for birthday party, we need a proper
measurement of the shape of a table. What is the length, width and height and what area do it
occupy? Here we are going to learn about the measurements of this type of shape. Hence, the study
of measurements of different shapes is termed as Mensuration.

A Table

The term 'Mensuration' has been derived from the Latin word 'mensura' which means
measurement. In simple terms, mensuration refers to the formulas used for calculating the length,
breadth, perimeter, area etc of different shapes.

Definition: The branch of mathematics that is used for the measurements of length, breadth,
parameter, area of various geometrical figures is called Mensuration.

It has wide applications in day to day life as well as other fields like engineering, construction and
more.

• Mensuration is used to determine the amount of paint, tiles or wallpaper required for a
room.
• It helps students grasp fundamental geometrical concepts like sides, angles, perimeter,
area, volume, etc. in a proper way.
10.2 UNITS OF MEASUREMENT
Mensuration is an ancient mathematical concept that deals with the measurement of length, mass,
time, temperature, and other physical quantities. Each of these quantities has a specific unit. For
example, to measure time, we use, minutes, seconds, and hours. Similarly, to measure distance, we
use kilometres, metres, etc.
The unit of measurement of length depends on how large or small the object being measured is.
The various units of measurement of length are: kilometre, metre, centimetre, millimetre,
decimetre, inch, foot, mile etc.
A unit can be converted into the other by using the following table:

1 kilometre(km) 1000 metres(m)

1 metre(m) 100 centimetres(cm)
1 decimetre (dm) 10 centimetre (cm)
1 centimetre (cm) 10 millimetre (mm)
1 foot 12 inches
1 yard 3 feet
22 yards 1 chain

10.3 PERIMETER
Let us consider the following figures which can be formed by folding a wire or a string.

S S
In each of the figures above, if we start from point S and move along the line segments to reach
again at the same point S by making a complete round, then the long distance covered is equal to
the length of the wire used to draw the figure. This distance is known as the perimeter of the given
figure.
Definition: The length of the boundary of a closed figure is known as its perimeter.
Let us take another example:

The perimeter of the top of the table will be the distance covered along the boundary that is the
sum of the length of four sides i.e. (AB + BC + CD +DA). So, to find the perimeter of any closed figure
made up entirely of line segments, simply find the sum of the lengths of all the sides.
If a figure is made up of only line segments, we can find its perimeter by adding the length of all the
sides of the given figure.

Perimeter of a closed figure = sum of the lengths of all sides

The idea of perimeter is widely used in our daily life.

• A farmer who wants to fence his field.

• An engineer who plans to build a compound wall on all sides of a house.
• A person preparing a track to conduct sports.

All these people use the idea of ‘perimeter’.

NOTE: The Perimeter of the closed figures can be found but not of the open figures.

Unit of Perimeter
The perimeter of a shape is a linear measurement. It is measured in unit of length as inch, feet, mile,
centimetre, metre, kilometre etc. If all the dimensions of a shape are in centimetre, the unit of
perimeter will also be in centimetre.

10.3.1 PERIMETER OF IRREGULAR FIGURES

Irregular shapes are figures that have all the sides and all the angles of different measures. Such
types of figures are called irregular closed figures. The Perimeter of irregular shapes is the total of all
sides. Let’s understand with examples.

Example: Find the perimeter of the following figures:

Solution: To find the perimeter of the figures given, we will add all the sides of the figures.

(1) Perimeter of figure (1) = sum of all the sides

= AB + BC + CD + DE + EA
= 5 cm + 3 cm + 3 cm + 5 cm + 4 cm
= 20 cm
(2) Perimeter of figure (2) = sum of all the sides
= AB + BC + CD + DE + EF + FA
= 4 cm + 6 cm + 3 cm + 5 cm + 4 cm + 3 cm
= 25 cm
PERIMETER OF RECTANGLE

We know that a rectangle is a closed figure in which opposite sides are equal. The sides are length
and breadth. To find the perimeter of a rectangle let us consider a rectangle ABCD as shown below:
The above figure is a rectangle ABCD. Opposite sides will be equal so AB = CD and BC = AD.

Perimeter of rectangle = sum of all the sides.

Now, perimeter of rectangle ABCD = AB + BC + CD + DA
= AB + BC + AB + BC [∵ AB = CD and BC = AD]
= 2AB + 2BC
= 2(AB + BC)
Here, AB = Length of the rectangle and BC = Breadth of the rectangle.
So, we can write as the formula,
Perimeter of Rectangle = 2 x (Length + Breadth)
With the help of this formula we can find the perimeter of any rectangle or rectangular figure.

You can also find the length and breadth of a rectangle when the perimeter is given.
• Length = perimeter / 2 - Breadth
• Breadth = perimeter / 2 – Length

Examples:
(1) Find the perimeter of rectangle ABCD whose length and breadth are 15cm and 9 cm
respectively.

A 15 cm B

9 cm 9 cm

D 15 cm C
Solution:
Perimeter of rectangle ABCD = 2 x (length + breadth)
= 2 x (AB + BC)
= 2 x (15cm + 9cm)
= 2 x 24cm
= 48 cm

(2) Find the breadth of the rectangle whose perimeter is 360 cm and whose length is 100 cm

Solution: We have,
Perimeter =360 cm, Length = 100 cm
We know that,
Breadth = Perimeter/2 – Length
= 360/2 -100
= 180 – 100
= 80 cm

(3) A table top measures 2 m 25 cm by 1 m 50 cm. What is the perimeter of the table top?

Solutions:
Length of table top = 2 m 25 cm = 2.25 m
Breadth of table top = 1 m 50 cm = 1.50 m

Perimeter of table top = 2 (Length + Breadth)

= 2 (2.25 + 1.50)
= 2 (3.75)
= 2 × 3.75
= 7.5 m
∴ The perimeter of the table top is 7.5 m

(4) Find the cost of fencing a rectangular park of length 175 m and breadth 125 m at the rate of Rs
12 per meter.
Solution:
The dimensions of the rectangular park are;
Length = 175 m Breadth = 125 m
The perimeter of rectangular park = 2 (L + B)
By substituting the values
Perimeter = 2 (175 + 125)
= 2 × 300
= 600 m
It is given that the cost of fencing = Rs 12 per meter
So the total cost of fencing = 12 × 600 = Rs 7200
Hence, the cost of fencing a rectangular park is Rs 7200.

(5) A farmer has a rectangular field of length and breadth 240 m and 180 m respectively. He wants
to fence it with 3 rounds of rope as shown in the given figure. What is the total length of rope he
must use?

Solution: We have,
Length of rectangular field = 240 m
Breadth of rectangular field = 180 m
Perimeter of the field = 2 x (length + breadth)
= 2 x (240 + 180)
= 2 x 420
= 840 m
Since, he want 3 rounds for fencing.
So, Total length of rope required = 3 x Perimeter of the field
= 3 x 840
= 2520 m

Exercise 10.1
(1) Find the perimeters of the rectangles whose lengths and breadths are given below:
(i) 5 cm, 4 cm
(ii) 7.5 cm, 4.5 cm

(2) Find the perimeter of each of the following figures:

(3) What is the length of the wooden strip required to frame a photograph of length and breadth
32 cm and 21 cm, respectively?
(4) Find the breadth of the rectangle whose perimeter is 360 m and whose length is 102 m?
(5) Find the perimeter of each of the following shapes:
(a) A triangle of sides 3 cm, 4 cm and 5 cm
(b) An isosceles triangle with equal sides 8 cm each and third side 6 cm.
(6) A rectangular piece of land measure 0.7 km by 0.5 km. Each side is to be fenced with four rows
of wires. What length of the wire is needed?
(7) Find the cost of fencing a rectangular farm of length 24 meters and breadth 18 meters at 8/-
per meter?

10.3.2 PERIMETER OF REGULAR FIGURES

The figures that have all the sides and all the angles of the same measure are called Regular shapes.
These types of figures are called Regular closed figures. For regular shapes, we can find the
perimeter by multiplying the number of sides by the measure of each side. We can understand it by
the example solved below.
Perimeter of a square
Ravi wants to put coloured tape all around a square picture of side 1m as shown. What will be the
length of the coloured tape he requires?

1m

1m 1m

1m
Since Ravi wants to put the coloured tape all around the square picture, he needs to find the
perimeter of the picture frame.
Thus, the length of the tape required = Perimeter of square
= 1m + 1m + 1m + 1m
= 4m
Now, we know that all the four sides of a square are equal, therefore, in place of adding it four
times, we can multiply the length of one side by 4.
Thus, the length of the tape required = 4 x 1m = 4m
From this example, we see that

Perimeter of a square = 4 x length of a side

Also,
Length of side of square = Perimeter / 4

Perimeter of an equilateral triangle

Now if Ravi wants to put a coloured tape around a triangular picture which has all three sides of 4m.
What will be the length of the coloured tape he requires now?

4m 4m

4m
Length of the coloured tape required = Perimeter of the triangle
= 4m + 4m + 4m
=3x4
= 12m
So, we find that
Perimeter of an equilateral triangle = 3 x length of a side
Also,
Length of side of equilateral triangle = Perimeter /3
From the above formula it is concluded that,
For a regular polygon,
The perimeter of the polygon will be the product of the length of its side and the number of sides.
i.e.
Perimeter of a regular polygon = number of sides x length of one side
 • Perimeter of an equilateral triangle = 3 × length of a side
• Perimeter of a square = 4 × length of a side
• Perimeter of a regular pentagon = 5 × length of a side
• Perimeter of a regular hexagon = 6 × length of a side

Examples:
(1) Find the perimeters of the squares whose sides are given below:
(i) 5 m
(ii) 115.5 cm

Solution: (i) We know that the perimeter of a square = 4 × Length of one side
It is given that side = 5 m
So,
The perimeter of a square = 4 × 5 = 20 m

(ii) We know that the perimeter of a square = 4 × Length of one side

It is given that side = 115.5 cm
So,
The perimeter of a square = 4 × 115.5 = 462 cm

(2) Find the side of square whose perimeter is 40 cm?

Solution: We know that,

Side of a square = perimeter/ 4
It is given that, perimeter = 40 cm
So,
The side of the square = 40/4 = 10 cm

(3) Find the cost of fencing a square park of side 300m at the rate of Rs 20 per metre.

Solution: We have,
Side of square = 300 m
Perimeter = 4 x side
= 4 x 300 = 1200m
It is given that, Cost of one metre of fencing = Rs 20
Total cost of fencing = 20 x 1200 = Rs 24000

(4) Find the perimeter of each of the following shapes:

(i) An equilateral triangle of side 9 cm.
(ii) A regular hexagon with each side measuring 8 cm.

Solution: (i) We have, side = 9cm

Perimeter of equilateral triangle = 3 x length of the side
= 3 x 9 = 27 cm

(ii) We have , side = 8 cm

Since regular hexagon has 6 sides, hence,
 Perimeter of regular hexagon = 6 x length of the side
= 6 x 8 = 48 cm
(5) A square piece of land has each side equal to 100 m. If 3 layers of metal wire has to be used to
fence it, what is the length of the wire needed?

Solution: It is given that, each side of a square field = 100 m

We can find the wire required to fence the square field by determining the perimeter.
Perimeter of square field = 4 × each side of a square field
By substituting the values,
Perimeter of the square field = 4 × 100 = 400 m
So, the length of wire which is required to fence three layers is = 3 × 400 = 1200 m
Hence,
The length of wire needed to fence 3 layers is 1200 m.

Exercise – 10.2
(1) Find the perimeters of the following shapes:

(ii)

(iii) (iv)

(2) The perimeter of a square field is 160 m. Find its side.

(3) Find the cost of fencing a square park of side 250 m at the rate of ₹ 20 per metre.

(4) The perimeter of a regular pentagon is 100 cm. How long is each side?

(5) A piece of string is 30 cm long. What will be the length of each side if the string is used to form:
(a) a square
(b) an equilateral triangle
(c) a regular hexagon

(6) Rakhi completed two laps around a square park of side length 14.4 m. How far did she run?

(7) A farmer has to fence his land with 4 rows of wires in a regular triangle shape. If the side of
 the regular triangle is 9 m, find the length of the wire needed?
10.4 AREA

In our day - to - day life under different situations, we deal with shapes, boundaries and surfaces.
For Example: Sam wants to cover the wall with wallpaper. Before buying the wallpaper, he must
know the measurements of the wall to buy wallpaper. This amount of wallpaper that covers the wall
is called an area. Hence,
“The region enclosed by the closed figure is called as the area.”
Example:
• To calculate the amount of carpet needed to cover the floor.

• The amount of gift paper required to wrap the present.

• To calculate the region painted in the wall with the help of given quantity of paint.
All these examples comes under the concept of area.

What is area?
When we draw a closed figure, the figure covers the region which is enclosed by that. Here are some
closed figures.

All the above figures cover some amount of surface. We can see that the figure which is larger is
covering more amount of the surface.
Definition: The magnitude of the measurement of the region enclosed by a closed plane figure is
called its area.

Unit of measurement of Area

For measuring areas of plane figures, we express their areas in terms of the area of a square whose
side is 1cm as shown below. We say that its area is 1 square centimetre because the area represents
a two-dimensional region. So, the standard unit of area is 1 square centimetre and is written as 1
sq.cm or 1cm2.
1cm

1cm 1cm

1cm
10.4.1 AREA OF DIFFERENT SHAPES

The term ‘area’ originated from Latin, meaning ‘a plain piece of empty land’. It also means ‘a
particular amount of space contained within a set of boundaries’.
Look at the carpet in your home. To buy a carpet that fits the floor, we need to know its area.
Or the carpet will be bigger or smaller than the space! Some other instances when we need to know
the area are while fitting tiles on the floor, painting the wall or sticking wallpaper to it, or finding out
the total number of tiles needed to build a swimming pool.

All closed figures, such as triangles, squares, rectangles, have an area. Every shape is different and
unique, so its area is also calculated differently.
For every closed figure, there are two regions, the interior and exterior region. The term ‘area’ refers
to the measure of the total interior region.

10.4.2 FINDING AREA BY THE USE OF SQUARED PAPER

In the squared paper, each side of every square is of the measure 1 cm. The area of one full
square is taken as 1 sq. unit. If it is a centimetre square sheet, then the area of one full
square will be 1 sq. cm and area of half square will be ½ sq.cm, to calculate the area on
squared paper, we have to keep notice of some rules.
• The square which is completely covered under the figure is counted as a full square.
• The square which is half covered under the figure is counted as half square.
• The square which is covered less than half is not counted.
• The square which is covered more than half is counted as a full square.
Let us take an example:
Now, in the above figure, count the number of squares enclosed.

Number of squares that are completely covered = 23 squares

Number of squares that are half covered = 4 half squares
Number of squares which are covered less than half = 3 squares (not counting)
Number of squares which are covered more than half = 7 squares (counting as full squares)
Therefore, the area of the given figure will be = 23 x 1 + 4 x 1/2 + 7 x 1 = 23 + 2 + 7
= 32 square unit
This way we can calculate the area of any closed figure.
Some more examples:
Calculate the area of the following figures using squared paper method.
(1) (2)

(3) (4)

Solution:
(1) In the given figure count the number of squares
On counting full squares = 18 squares
On counting half squares = 6 half squares
The area of the figure = 18 x 1 + 6 x ½ = 18 + 3
=21 square units.
(2) The given figure is made up of line segments and is covered with some full squares and some half
squares.
Full squares in figure = 32
Half squares in figure = 21
Total area covered by figure = 32 x 1 + 21 x ½
= 32 + 10.5 = 42.5 sq. unit.

(3) In the given figure we have,

Number of full squares = 6
Number of more than half squares = 8
Area of the covered figure = (6 x 1 + 8 x 1) sq. units
= (6 + 8) sq. units
= 14 sq. units.
(4) In the given figure we have,
Number of full squares = 2
Number of half squares = 4
∴ Area of the covered figure = (2 x 1 + 4 x ½)
= (2 + 2) sq. units = 4 sq. units.

Ex- 10.3
(1) Find the areas of the following figures by counting squares:
(a) (b)

(c) (d)

(e) (f)
10.4.3 AREA OF RECTANGLE
We have learnt the method of finding the approximate area of a region enclosed by a closed figure.
Clearly, it is not an accurate method. So, we shall obtain a formula for finding the area of rectangle
when its length and breadth are given.
We know that in a rectangle, the larger side is called its length while the smaller side is called its
breadth.
If we draw a Rectangle on squared paper and calculate the area, then we shall find that the squares
covered by the rectangle are equal to the multiplication of its length and breadth.

Squares covered by the Rectangle = 24 squares

Area of rectangle = 24 sq.cm which can be written as, 6 × 4 sq.cm (length x breadth) = 24 sq.cm
Since,
squares covered by the rectangle and the multiplication of length and breadth are equal.
So, we can calculate the area of a rectangle by multiplying the length and breadth of the rectangle.
Therefore,
Area of Rectangle = (Length × Breadth) square units
In symbols, if l and b denote respectively the length and breadth of a rectangle, then its area A is
given by
A = l x b square units
𝐀 𝐀𝐫𝐞𝐚
Also, l = 𝒃 i.e Length = 𝐁𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐝𝐭𝐡 units

𝐀 𝐀𝐫𝐞𝐚
and, b= i.e Breadth = 𝐋𝐞𝐧𝐠𝐭𝐡 units
𝒍

With the help of this formula we can find the area of rectangle without using a squared paper.
Examples:
(1) Find the area of the rectangles whose sides are:
(a) 3 cm and 4 cm
(b) 2 m and 70 cm
Solution: We know that,
Area of rectangle = length × breadth
(a) l = 3 cm and b = 4 cm
Area = l × b = 3 × 4
= 12 cm2
(b) l = 2 m and b = 70 cm = 0.70 m
Area = l × b = 2 × 0.70
= 1.40 m2
(2) The area of rectangle is 240 cm2. If its length is 20 cm, find its breadth.

Solution: We have,
Area of rectangle = 240 cm2 , Length = 20 cm

Area
Breadth of the rectangle =
Length
240
=
20
= 12 cm

(3) By splitting the following figures into rectangle, find their area (in cms).

(a) (b)

Solution: (a) In the given figure, split the rectangles as shown below,

In rectangle (I) , we have, l = 12cm and b = 2 cm

Area of rectangle (I) = l x b
= 12 x 2 = 24 cm2
In rectangle (II), we have , l = 8cm and b = 2 cm
Area of rectangle (II) = l x b
= 8 x 2 = 16 cm2
Area of the figure = Area of rectangle (I) + Area of rectangle (II)
= 24 + 16
= 40 cm2
(b) ) In the given figure, split the rectangles as shown below,
 In rectangle (I) , we have, l = 2cm and b = 1 cm
Area of rectangle (I) = l x b
= 2 x 1 = 2 cm2
In rectangle (II) , we have, l = 3cm and b = 3 cm
Area of rectangle (II) = l x b
= 3x 3 = 9 cm2
In rectangle (III) , we have, l = 3cm and b = 3 cm
Area of rectangle (III) = l x b
= 3 x 3 = 9 cm2
In rectangle (IV) , we have, l = 4cm and b = 2 cm
Area of rectangle (IV) = l x b
= 4 x 2 = 8 cm2
Area of the figure = Area of rectangle (I) + Area of rectangle (II) +
Area of rectangle (III) + Area of rectangle (IV)
= 2 + 9 + 9 + 8 = 28 cm2

(4) How many tiles whose length and breadth are 12 cm and 5 cm, respectively, will be needed to
fit in a rectangular region whose length and breadth are respectively,100 cm and 144 cm ?

Solution: We have,
Length = 100 cm and breadth = 144 cm
Area of rectangular region = length x breadth
= 100 × 144
= 14400 cm2
Length of tile = 12 cm and breadth of tile = 5 cm
Area of one tile = length x breadth
= 5 × 12
= 60 cm2
Number of tiles = (Area of rectangle) / (Area of one tile)
= 14400 / 60
= 240
Hence, 240 tiles are needed.

(5) What is the cost of tiling a rectangular plot of land 500 m long and 200 m wide at the rate of
Rs.8 per 100 sq m?

Solutions:
It is given that, length = 500 m and breadth = 200 m
Area of rectangular land = length × breadth
 = 500 × 200
= 1, 00,000 m2

∴ Cost of tiling 1, 00,000 sq m of land = (8 × 1, 00,000) / 100

= Rs. 8000

10.4.4 AREA OF SQUARE

The Area of the square can be found the same as the area of the rectangle. We know that if the
length and breadth of a rectangle are the same then that will be a square.

Squares covered by the square = 16 squares

When area is given, think of a number which when multiplied twice to it gives the same number,
as sides of a square are equal.
Area of square = 16 sq.cm which can be written as, 4 × 4 sq.cm = 16 sq.cm
Since,
Both values are the same so we can calculate the area of a square by multiplying its two sides.
Therefore,
Area of Square = Side × Side
Or
Area of square = ( side )2

Examples:
(1) Find the area of a square whose side is 5 cm?

Solution: It is given that, side of square = 5 cm

Area of square = side x side

= 5 x 5 = 25 cm2

(2) One side of a square plot is 250 m, find the cost of levelling it at the rate of Rs 2 per square
metre.
Solution:
It is given that,
 Side of one tile of a square plot = 250 m
So,
Area = side × side
= 250 × 250 = 62500 m2
Cost of levelling = Rs 2 per square meter
So,
the cost of levelling 62500 m2 = 62500 × 2 = Rs 1,25,000
Hence,
the cost of levelling is Rs 1,25,000.
(3) What will happen to the area of a square if its side is tripled?

Solution:
Consider ‘s’ as the original side of the square
We know that,
Original area = side x side
= s × s = s2
If the side of the square is tripled, we get,
New side = 3s
So, the new area of the square = side x side
= 3s × 3s = 9s2
Hence,
the area becomes 9 times more than that of the original area.

Ex- 10.4
(1) Find the area of the rectangles whose sides are:
(a) 12 m and 21 m
(b) 2 km and 3 km
(2) Find the areas of the squares whose sides are:
(a) 10 cm
(b) 5.5 cm
(3) The area of a rectangle is 225 cm2 and its one side is 25 cm, find its other side.
(4) A marble tile measures 15 cm × 20 cm. How many tiles will be required to cover a wall of size
4 m × 6 m?
(5) A table top measures 2 m by 1 m 50 cm. What is its area in square metres?
(6) Split the following shapes into rectangles and find the area of each. (The measures are given in
centimetres)
(i) (ii)

(iii) (iv)
(7) One side of a square plot is 300 m. Find its area. Also, find the cost of levelling it, if the rate for
levelling is Re 0.50 per square metre?
(8) What will happen to the area of rectangle if its length is doubled and breadth is same?
(9) The floor of a rectangular hall is to be covered with a carpet 150 cm wide. If the length and
breadth of the hall are 20 m and 18 m, respectively, find the cost of the carpet at the rate of Rs
10 per metre?
(10) What will happen to the area of a square if its side is increased by half of it?

10.5 SOME APPLICATIONS ON PERIMETER AND AREA

Examples:

(1) Shikha runs around a square of side 75 m. Priya runs around a rectangle with length 60 m and
breadth 45 m. Who covers the smaller distance?

Solution: It is given that,

Shikha runs around a square of side = 75 m
So,
Perimeter of square = 4 x side
= 4 × 75 = 300 m
Priya runs around a rectangle having, Length = 60 m and Breadth = 45 m
So ,
Distance covered can be found from the perimeter
Perimeter of rectangle = 2 (L + B)
By substituting the values, we get
Perimeter = 2 x (60 + 45) = 2 × 105 = 210 m
Hence,
Priya covers the smaller distance of 210 m.

(2) Two sides of a triangle are 15 cm and 20 cm. The perimeter of the triangle is 50 cm. What is the
third side?
Solution: It is given that,
First side of triangle = 15 cm , Second side of triangle = 20 cm and Perimeter = 50 cm
In order to find the length of third side,
We know that, perimeter of a triangle is the sum of all three sides of a triangle
So,
Length of third side = perimeter of triangle – sum of length of other two sides
By substituting the values,
Length of third side = 50 – (15 + 20) = 15 cm.
Hence,
the length of third side is 15 cm.
(3) Avneet buys 9 square paving slabs, each with a side of ½ m. He lays them in the form of a
square.
(i) What is the perimeter of his arrangement?
(ii) Shari does not like his arrangement. She gets him to lay them out like a cross. What is the
perimeter of her arrangement?
(iii) Which has greater perimeter?
(iv) Avneet wonders, if there is a way of getting an even greater perimeter. Can you find a way of
doing this? (The paving slabs must meet along complete edges they cannot be broken)

Solution:
(i) It is given that length of each side of the slab = ½ m
One side of the square is formed by three slabs in a square arrangement
Length of side = 3 × ½ = 3/2 m
So, the perimeter of the square arrangement = 4 × 3/2 = 6 m
(ii) From the figure, cross arrangement has 8 sides which form periphery of the arrangement and
measure 1 m each.
It also has 4 sides which measure ½ m each
Perimeter of the cross arrangement = 1 + ½ + 1 + 1 + ½ + 1 + 1 + ½ + 1 + 1 + ½ + 1 = 8 + 2 = 10 m

(iii) We know that

Perimeter of cross arrangement = 10 m
Perimeter of square arrangement = 6 m
Hence, the perimeter of cross arrangement is greater than the perimeter of square arrangement.
(iv) No, Avneet cannot arrange the slabs having perimeter more than 10 m.

(4) Find the perimeter of a rectangle whose area is 500 cm 2 and breadth is 20 cm.
Solution: It is given that ,
Area of the rectangle = 500 cm2 and Breadth of the rectangle = 20 cm
We know that, Area of rectangle = L × B
It can be written as, L = Area/B
By substituting the values, L = 500/20 = 25 cm
We know that, Perimeter of rectangle = 2 x (L + B)
By substituting the values, Perimeter = 2 (25 + 20)
= 2 × 45 = 90 cm
Hence, the perimeter of the rectangle is 90 cm.
(5) A rectangle has the area equal to that of a square of side 80 cm. If the breadth of the rectangle
is 20 cm, find its length.
Solution: It is given that, Side of a square = 80 cm
So, Area of the square = side × side
By substituting the values,
Area of square = 80 × 80 = 6400 cm2
We know that, Area of rectangle = area of square = 6400 cm2 and Breadth = 20 cm
Area of rectangle = L × B
It can be written as, L = Area/B
= 6400/20 = 320 cm
Hence, the length of the rectangle is 320 cm.
(6) A floor is 5 m long and 4 m wide. A square carpet of sides 3 m is laid on the floor. Find the area
of the floor that is not carpeted.
Solutions:
Area of rectangular floor = l × b = 5 × 4
= 20 m2
Area of square carpet = side x side = 3 × 3
= 9 m2
Area of floor that is not carpeted = 20 – 9
= 11 m2
∴ The area of the floor that is not carpeted is 11 m2.

Ex-10.5
(1) Five square flower beds, each of sides 1 m, are dug on a piece of land 5 m long and 4 m wide.
What is the area of the remaining part of the land?
(2) Bob wants to cover the floor of a room 3 m wide and 4 m long by squared tiles. If each square
tile of side 0.5 m, then find the number of tiles required to cover the floor of the room?
(3) Pinky runs around a square field of side 75 m, Bobby runs around a rectangular field with
length 160 m and breadth 105 m. Who covers more distance by how much?
(4) Find the perimeter of a rectangle whose area is 650 cm 2 and its breadth is 13 cm?
(5) The total cost of flooring a room at Rs 8.50 per square metre is Rs 510. If the length of the room
is 8 metres, find its breadth?
(6) Ravish wants to cover his room which is 3 m wide and 4 m long by a squared tiles. If each
square tiles is of side 0.5 m, find the number of tiles required to cover the floor of his room?
(7) A square sheet of 2 cm is cut from each corner of a rectangular piece of aluminium sheet of
Length 12 cm and breadth 8 cm. Find the area of the left over aluminium sheet?
(8) Find the area of a square if its perimeter is 40 cm?
(9) The length and breadth of a rectangular park are in the ratio 5:3 and its perimeter is 128 m.
Find the area of the park?
(10) The cost of putting a fence around a square field at Rs 2.50 per meter is Rs 200. Find the
length of each side of the field?

Revise And Recall

(1)Perimeter is the distance covered along the boundary forming a closed figure when you go
round the figure once.
(2) (a) Perimeter of rectangle = 2 x (length + breadth)
(b) Perimeter of square = 4 x side
(c) Perimeter of an equilateral triangle = 3 x side
(3) The amount of surface enclosed by a closed figure is called its area.
(4) (a) Area of rectangle = length x breadth
(b) Area of square = side x side
(5) To calculate the area of a figure using a squared paper, the following conventions are adopted:
(a) Ignore portions of the area that are less than half a square.
(b) If more than half a square is in a region. Count it as square.
(c) If exactly half the square is counted, take its area as ½ sq. units.

Multiple Choice Questions:

(1) The area of rectangle = Length x ………………..
(i) breadth (ii) side (iii) breadth 2 (iv) length

(2) If the sides of a square are halved, then its area

(i) remains same (ii) becomes half (iii) becomes one fourth (iv) becomes double

(3) The area of square of side 14 cm is

(i) 49 cm2 (ii) 156 cm2 (iii) 56 cm2 (iv) 196 cm2

(4) The length and breadth of a rectangle of area A are doubled. The area of the new rectangle is
(i) 2A (ii) A2 (iii) 4A (iv) None of these

(5) The perimeter of an equilateral triangle = ……… x length of the side.

(i) 2 (ii) 3 (iii) 5 (iv) 4
(6) The perimeter of an isosceles triangle with equal side 8 cm each and the third side 6 cm is
(i) 12 cm (ii)21 cm (iii) 18 cm (iv) 22 cm

(7) If the perimeter of a rectangle is 360 cm and its length is 116 cm, then its breadth will be
(i) 64 cm (ii) 60 cm (iii) 50 cm (iv) 20 cm

(8) If the ratio between the length and perimeter of a rectangular plot is 1:3, then the ratio
Between the length and breadth of the plot is …..
(i) 2:1 (ii) 1:2 (iii) 3:4 (iv) 4:3
(9) The area of a rectangular ground is 120 m2 and its length is 12 m. What will be the cost of
fencing the ground at the rate of Rs 125 per metre.
(i) Rs 1100 (ii) Rs 5500 (iii) Rs 1200 (iv) Rs 1000

(10) The perimeter of an equilateral triangle is 36 dm, the length of its side will be….
(i) 21 dm (ii) 11 dm (iii) 12 dm (iv) none of these

ANSWERS

Ex- 10.1
(1) (i) 18 cm (ii) 24 cm (2) (a) 12 cm (b) 133 cm (c) 60 cm (d) 20 cm (e) 15 cm (f) 52 cm
(3) 106 cm (4) 78 m (5) (a) 12 cm (b) 22 cm (6) 9.6 km (7) Rs 672/-

Ex- 10.2

(1)(i) 160 cm (ii) 36 dm (iii) 80 km (iv) 5.5 m (2) 40 m (3) Rs 20,000

(4) 20 cm (5) (a) 7.5 cm (b) 10 cm (c) 5 cm (6) 115.2 m (7) 108 m

Ex- 10.3
(1) (a) 5 sq. units (b) 4 sq. units (c) 10 sq. units (d) 5 sq. units (e) 18 sq. units (f) 4 sq. units

Ex- 10.4
(1) (a) 252 m2 (b) 6 km2 (2) (a) 100 cm2 (b) 30.25 cm2 (3) 9 cm
(4) 800 tiles (5) 3 m2 (6) (i) 245 cm2 (ii) 9 cm2 (iii) 9 cm2 (iv)35 cm2
(7) Area = 90000 m2, Cost = Rs 45000 (8) 2 times the old area (9) Rs 2400
(10) 9/4 times the old area

Ex- 10.5
(1) 15 m2 (2) 48 tiles (3) Bobby covers more distance by 230 m
(4) 126 cm (5) 7.5 cm (6) 48 (7) 80 cm 2 (8) 100 cm2
(9) 960 cm2 (10) 20 m

Multiple Choice Questions

(1) (i) (2) (iii) (3) (iv) (4) (iii) (5) (ii) (6) (iv) (7) (i) (8) (i) (9) (ii)
(10) (iii)