International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887)

Volume 166 – No.7, May 2017

Some Preserved Properties under Localization,

Prime Radicals and Minimal Prime Ideals

Adil Kadir Jabbar Asmaa Ghazi Jameel

Mathematics Department Mathematics Department
College of Science University of Sulaimani College of Computer Sciences and Mathematics
Sulaimani-Iraq University of Mosul, Mosul-Iraq

ABSTRACT following result which determines the radically property of

In this paper we prove some properties of ideals that are ideals in the both rings and .
preserved under localization. Also, we establish several one to Proposition 2.1.1. Let be a commutative ring with identity
one correspondences between certain types of ideals in the and be an ideal of . If is a multiplicative system in ,
ring and its localization at multiplicative systems. We
then .
introduce two concepts such as prime radical and
minimal prime ideals and the relations of prime radical Proof. Let , where . Then, , for
with the prime radical and Jacobson radical of a ring under
localization are determined. Also, we prove a one to one some , that is , there exists such that
correspondence between minimal primal ideals of a given , and then , so that and
ideal of a ring and the minimal prime ideals of the ideal thus we get . Hence, .
of , where is a prime ideal of .
Next, let , where , then , for
Keywords some , so that , for some . Then, we get
Multiplicative system, Localization of a ring, prime
, so that , thus we
radical, minimal prime ideal, semisimple ring and
Jacobson radical( ). get . Hence, we have .

1. INTRODUCTION As a corollary to the above proposition we give the

following.
Let be a commutative ring with identity. A nonempty subset
of is called a multiplicative system in , if and Corollary 2.1.2. Let be a commutative ring with identity
implies that [4]. An ideal of is called a and be an ideal of . If is a prime ideal of , then
principal ideal of , if , for some and is .
called a principal ideal ring if every ideal of is a principal
ideal [1]. The spectrum of , is denoted by and Proof. As is a prime ideal, we have is a multiplicative
defined as is a prime ideal of and the system in , so by taking in Proposition 2.1.1, the
prime radical of is denoted by and defined as result follows at once.
and is said to be without prime
Proposition 2.1.3. Let be a commutative ring with identity
radical if [1]. The maximal spectrum of is and be a multiplicative system in . If are ideals of
denoted by defined as is a such that and , then . In
maximal ideal of and the Jacobson radical of , denoted by particular, if and , then .
(or [5]), is defined as
and is called a semisimple ring if [1]. The Nil Proof. Let . Let (this is possible since, ),
Radical of an ideal , is defined as , for then we have , so , for some . If ,
some positive integer [1]. A prime ideal of is called a then , which contradicts the fact that
Minimal Prime Ideal of if and contains no prime , so that we must have . Hence . For the second
ideal with and is called a minimal prime ideal part, if is any element, then , so that , for
of if contains no prime ideal with . Let be an some . If , then , which is a
ideal of and be defined as , contradiction, so we must have . Hence, .
for some [2,3].
As a corollary to the above proposition, we give the
2. SOME PROPERTIES OF IDEALS following.
THAT ARE PRESERVED UNDER Corollary 2.1.4. Let be a commutative ring with identity
LOCALIZATION, RADICAL and be a prime ideal of . If are ideals of such that
IDEALS AND MINIMAL PRIME and , then . In particular, if
and , then .
IDEALS
Proof. As is a multiplicative system in and
2.1 Some properties of ideals that are
if and only if , so by taking
preserved under localization in Proposition 2.1.3, the proof will follows at once.
In this section, we prove some algebraic properties of ideals
which are preserved under localization and we start with the In the following result, we prove that every proper ideal of
is a localization of some proper ideal of .

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 International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887)
Volume 166 – No.7, May 2017

Proposition 2.1.5. Let be a commutative ring with identity As a corollary to Theorem 2.1.8, we give the following
and be a multiplicative system in . If is an ideal of , corollary.
then there exists an ideal of with . Furthermore, if
Corollary 2.1.9. Let be a commutative ring with identity
is a proper ideal of , then is a proper ideal of .
and be a prime ideal of , then there is a one to one
Proof. As , let . Now, let . correspondence between the primary ideals of and the
primary ideals of which contained in .
One can easily show that is an ideal of . Next, we will
show that . Let, , where . Then Proof. As is a multiplicative system in and since for
any primary ideal of , we have if and
, so that , so we have . Hence,
only if , so by taking in Theorem 2.1.8, the
. Let , where , then we have proof will follows at once.
, for some . Hence, we get . Then, In the next two results, we establish a one to one
, so that . Hence, . Next, if , then correspondence between the maximal ideals of and
, so that , this implies that , which is maximal ideals of which are disjoint from .
a contradiction. Hence, is a proper ideal of . Proposition 2.1.10. Let be a commutative ring with identity
and be a multiplicative system in . If is a maximal ideal
Now, we prove that, under certain condition a localization of with the property that, , then is a maximal
of a primary ideal is also a primary ideal. ideal of .
Proposition 2.1.6. Let be a commutative ring with identity Proof. As , by [4], we get . Now, let be
and be a multiplicative system in . If is a primary ideal
any ideal of such that with , then by
of such that , then is a primary ideal of .
Proposition 2.1.5, we have , for the proper ideal
Proof. As , by [4], we have , so that is a , where . As, , by [4], we
proper ideal of . Let , where and , get , then we have . Next, let ,
then , so that , for some . If , then , so that , so that . Hence, we get
then and as is primary, we get , for some and as is maximal, we get , which gives
. Hence, is a maximal ideal of
. Then, , so that is a
primary ideal of . Proposition 2.1.11. Let be a commutative ring with identity
and be a multiplicative system in . If is a maximal ideal
Next, we prove that every primary ideal of is a of , then , for some maximal ideal of with
localization of a primary ideal of disjoint from . .
Proposition 2.1.7. Let be a commutative ring with identity Proof. By Proposition 2.1.5, we have , for the proper
and be a multiplicative system in . If is a primary ideal
ideal and some fixed . As
of , then there exists a primary ideal of with
and . , by [4], we get . To show is maximal, let
be any ideal of such that with
Proof. By Proposition 2.1.5, we have , where , then . If , then there exists
is an ideal of and is some fixed but . Then, , so that, , but and
element. As, , by [4], we get and as is as is maximal, we get , then by [4], we get
proper, we get is a proper ideal of . Let for , we , which is a contradiction, so that . Hence, is
have but , then . If maximal with respect to the disjoin-ness property from .
, then , which is a contradiction, thus and as In the next few results, we prove that there is a one to one
correspondence between the nil (nilpotent) ideals of the rings
is primary, we get , for some , then we
and .
get , so that .
Lemma 2.1.12. Let be a commutative ring with identity and
Hence, is a primary ideal of . be a multiplicative system in . If is a nilpotent (resp. a
By combining Proposition 2.1.6 and Proposition 2.1.7, we nil) ideal of , then is a nilpotent (resp. a nil) ideal of .
get the following theorem. Proof. As is nilpotent, we have , for some ,
Theorem 2.1.8. Let be a commutative ring with identity then , so that is nilpotent. For the
and be a multiplicative system in . Then, there is a one to second part, let , where , then we have
one correspondence between the primary ideals of and the , for some , that gives , for some
primary ideals of which does not meet .
and then . Hence, is a nil
Proof. Let is a primary ideal of with ideal of .
and is a primary ideal of . Define as
follows: If , then is a primary ideal of and Corollary 2.1.13. Let be a commutative ring with identity
, then by Proposition 2.1.6, we get is a primary ideal of and be a prime ideal of . If is a nilpotent (resp. a nil)
, so that , so we define . One can easily ideal of , then is a nilpotent (resp. a nil) ideal of .
show that defines a one to one correspondence between Proof. By taking in Lemma 2.1.12, the result will
and . follow directly.

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 International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887)
Volume 166 – No.7, May 2017

Lemma 2.1.14. Let be a commutative ring with identity and Proposition 2.1.19. Let be a commutative ring with identity
be a multiplicative system in and . If is a and be a multiplicative system in . If is a principal ideal
nilpotent (resp. a nil) ideal of , then , for some ring, then is a principal ideal ring.
nilpotent (resp. nil) ideal of .
Proof. Let , be any ideal of , then by Proposition 2.1.5,
Proof. By Proposition 2.1.5, we have , for the ideal we have , for the ideal and a fixed
, where is a fixed element and as . As is a principal ideal ring, we get , for
is nilpotent, we have , for some , so that some . Clearly, , so that , so that
and since, , so by
. Let , where , then , for some
Proposition 2.1.3, we get . Hence, is nilpotent. For
, so that , for some . Now, we have
the proof of second part, let , then and as
, so that ,
is nil, we get , for some , then
thus . Hence, is a principal ideal ring.
, so that , for some and then,
. If , then , which contradicts the fact that Corollary 2.1.20. Let be a commutative ring with identity
. Hence, , that means is a nil ideal of and be a prime ideal of . If is a principal ideal ring, then
. is a principal ideal ring.
Now, we get the following corollary. Proof. Take in Proposition 2.1.19, the result
follows directly.
Corollary 2.1.15. Let be a commutative ring with identity
and be a multiplicative system in . If is an ideal of Proposition 2.1.21. Let be a commutative ring with identity
such that is a nilpotent (resp. a nil) ideal of and and be a multiplicative system in such that
, then is a nilpotent (resp. a nil) ideal of . In , for every . If is a principal ideal ring,
particular, if is a prime ideal of such that is a nilpotent then is a principal ideal ring.
(resp. a nil) ideal of and , then is a nilpotent Proof. Let be any ideal of , then is an ideal of , so
(resp. a nil) ideal of .
that , for some , where , then
Proof. The proof of the first part follows directly as the same , for some , so that . Next, let ,
as in Lemma 2.1.14 and the proof of second part follows by then , so that , for some
taking in Lemma 2.1.14 and from the fact that
if and only if . , so , for some ,
then, . If , then ,
Corollary 2.1.16. Let be a commutative ring with identity which is a contradiction, so that , then
and be a prime ideal of such that . If is a and thus . Hence, is a principal ideal ring.
nilpotent (resp. a nil) ideal of , then , for some
nilpotent (resp. nil) ideal of . Corollary 2.1.22. Let be a commutative ring with identity
and be a prime ideal of such that , for
Proof. Since, is a multiplicative system in and since, every . If is a principal ideal ring, then is a
if and only if , so by taking principal ideal ring.
in Lemma 2.1.14, the proof will follows directly.
Proof. By taking in Proposition 2.1.21, the result
Lemma 2.1.17. Let be a commutative ring with identity and follows from the fact that, for every , we have
be a multiplicative system in . If and is an if and only if .
ideal of , then .
Lemma 2.1.23. Let be a commutative ring with identity and
Proof. Let , where , then , for some be a multiplicative system in with and , then

, then and that , so (1) .

that . Next, let , where . (2) If is an ideal of such that and ,
Then, , for some , so , for some then .
and that . Now, we have
Proof. (1) Let , where , then
, so that . Hence, .
, for some . Thus, , for some . Now,
Corollary 2.1.18. Let be a commutative ring with identity . Hence, .
and be a prime ideal of . If and is an ideal Let, , where , then
of , then .
(since, ), so that . Hence,
Proof. By taking in Lemma 2.1.17, the result we get .
follows directly.
The remaining results of this section deal with the concept (2) implies that , for some . If , then
of principality of ideals in the both rings and . In fact, we , which contradicts the fact that , so
prove some results concerning this concept and among these that we must have .
results, we prove that a localization of a principal ideal ring is
Corollary 2.1.24. Let be a commutative ring with identity
also a principal ideal ring.
and be a prime ideal of with and , then

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 International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887)
Volume 166 – No.7, May 2017

(1) . , for some . Let , so that

is a prime ideal of . Then, by [4], there is a prime ideal of
(2) If is an ideal of such that and , then such that and , so that .
. Hence, and then, , so that
, this gives . Hence, we
Proof. By taking in Lemma 2.1.23 and using that
fact that, if and only if , the get .
result follows directly.
Now, we give the following corollary.
Proposition 2.1.25. Let be a commutative ring with identity
Corollary 2.2.3. Let be a commutative ring with identity
and be a multiplicatively closed set in with and
and be a prime ideal of , then .
such that . Then, is a prime
ideal of if and only if is a prime ideal of Proof. By taking in Proposition 2.2.2, the proof
. will follows directly.

Proof. Let be a prime ideal of . As In the following result, we prove that if is without
, we have , so by prime radical, then is without prime radical, but the
[4], we have is a prime ideal of . Now, let converse is true under the disjointness of from .
be a prime ideal of . If , then , so Proposition 2.2.4. Let be a commutative ring with identity
that , for some , then , so we and be a multiplicative system in . If is without
have , so that , which is a prime radical, then is without prime radical. If, in
contradiction, so that is a proper ideal of . Let, for addition to the above, we have and is
, we have , then , and as without prime radical, then is without prime radical as
well as it is without prime radical.
is prime, we get or . Then, by
Lemma 2.1.23, the former case gives and the latter Proof. We have, , so by Proposition 2.2.2, we
case gives . Hence, is a prime ideal of . get , so that is without prime radical. To
prove the second part, let , then by Proposition
Corollary 2.1.26. Let be a commutative ring with identity 2.2.2, we have and since, , so
and be a prime ideal of with and such that by Proposition 2.1.3, we get . Hence, is
. Then, is a prime ideal of if and without prime radical. Now, as , so
only if is a prime ideal of . that we have and this implies that
, so that is without prime radical.
Proof. By taking in Proposition 2.1.25, the proof
follows directly from the fact that if and Next, we give the following corollary.
only if . Corollary 2.2.5. Let be a commutative ring with identity
and be a prime ideal of . If is without prime radical,
2.2 radical ideals and minimal prime then is without prime radical. If, in addition to the above,
ideals we have and is without prime radical, then is
In this section, we introduce two concepts namely, radical without prime radical as well as it is without prime
ideals and minimal prime ideals in commutative rings and radical.
we study the relations that combining these concepts with
prime radicals, Jacobson radicals and minimal prime ideals, Proof. As, is a multiplicative system in and
but first, we introduce the following definition. if and only if , so by taking
in Proposition 2.2.4, the proof will follows directly.
Definition 2.2.1. Let be a commutative ring with identity
and be a multiplicative system in . We define, Now, we introduce the following definition.
is a prime ideal of such that Definition 2.2.6. Let be a commutative ring with identity
and . We say that is without and be a multiplicative system in . The maximal spectrum
prime radical if . of , is denoted by , and defined as
The first relation that we prove is that, the localization of is a maximal ideal of . Also, we define
the Radical of a ring is the same as the prime radical of the is a maximal ideal of such that
localization of the ring. and . We say that is
semisimple (or is without Jacobson radical), if
Proposition 2.2.2. Let be a commutative ring with identity .
and be a multiplicative system in , then
. It is obvious that, an semisimple ring is always a
semisimple ring, since if , then as
Proof. Let , where . Let , we get and
, so that is a prime ideal of such that , this gives .
then by [4], we get that is a prime ideal of , that means Next, we prove that, for a multiplicative system in , the
. Hence, , then , for some . localization of the Jacobson radical of a ring is the same as
Since, is prime and , we get that , so that the Jacobson radical of the localization of the ring.
and that . Hence, we get Proposition 2.2.7. If is a commutative ring with identity
. Next, let , so that and is a multiplicative system in , then
.

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 International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887)
Volume 166 – No.7, May 2017

Proof. Let , where . Let Proposition 2.2.12. Let be a commutative ring with identity
, so that is a maximal ideal of with . and be a multiplicatively
By Proposition 2.1.10, is a maximal ideal of , that is, closed set in . If is an ideal of , then for any , we
, thus . As is prime and , have is an ideal of with .
one can easily get that , so that , then we Furthermore, if is a prime ideal of , then is a prime ideal
get . Hence, . Next, of with .
let , for . Then, , Proof. By Proposition 2.1.5, we have , for the proper
for some . Let , so that is a maximal ideal of . Next, to prove is a prime
ideal of , then by Proposition 2.1.11, we have , for
ideal of . As , by [4], we get , now, if
some maximal ideal of with respect to the property
, so that . Hence, . Then, possible suppose that , then , so that , that is
, so that we get and , so that , which is a contradiction. Hence, .
thus . Hence, . Let , where , then and as is
As a corollary to this result, we give the following. prime, we get or . The former case gives
Corollary 2.2.8. If is a commutative ring with identity and and the latter case gives . Hence, is a prime ideal of .
is a prime ideal of , then . If , then there exists and , so
Proof. By taking in Proposition 2.2.7, the result and thus we get , which is a contradiction. Hence,
follows directly. .

Now, we introduce the following definitions. We give the following corollary.

Definition 2.2.9. Let be a commutative ring with identity Corollary 2.2.13. Let be a commutative ring with identity
and be a multiplicative system in . We say that a prime and be a prime ideal of . If is an ideal of , then we
ideal of is an minimal prime ideal of an ideal of , have is an ideal of with .
if is minimal in the set of all prime ideals which contain Furthermore, if is a prime ideal of , then is a prime ideal
and do not meet . of with .
To make the above definition more clear, we say that is Proof. As is a multiplicative system in , so by
an minimal prime ideal of , if is a prime ideal of , taking in Proposition 2.2.12, the proof
, and if is any prime ideal of such that follows directly.
and , then .
Proposition 2.2.14. Let be a commutative ring with identity
The following result shows that, the localization an and be a multiplicative system in . If are ideals of
minimal prime ideal of an ideal is a minimal prime ideal with a prime ideal and a minimal prime ideal of , then
of the given ideal, but the converse is true for minimal prime is an minimal prime ideal of .
ideals which themselves are prime as we prove in Proposition
2.2.14. Proof. As is a minimal prime ideal of , so that is
prime and and is minimal in the set of all prime
Proposition 2.2.10. Let be a commutative ring with identity ideals of which contain . Since, , so by [4,
and be a multiplicative system in . If is an ideal of and Proposition 3.5], we have and as is prime, we get
is an minimal prime ideal of , then is a minimal . Let be any prime ideal of such that and
prime ideal of . , then we get is a prime ideal of and
and as is a minimal prime ideal of , we get . Let
Proof. We have is a prime ideal of with and is
minimal in the set of all prime ideals of that contain and , then for an , we have , then , for
. Then, and is a prime ideal of . Let some and as , we get and as is p rime,
be any prime ideal of such that . To show that we get , so that . Hence, is an minimal
. By [4], we have , for the prime ideal prime ideal of .
, of with , where . Then, Corollary 2.2.15. Let be a commutative ring with identity
. Clearly, we have and we will show that and be a prime ideal of . If are ideals of with a
. As , let . If is any element, then prime ideal and a minimal prime ideal of , then is an
, thus , so that . Hence, and as minimal prime ideal of .
is a minimal prime ideal of , we get , which gives Proof. By taking in Proposition 2.2.14, the proof
. Hence, is a minimal prime ideal of . follows directly.
Now, we give the following corollary. We give the following corollary, which shows that each
Corollary 2.2.11. Let be a commutative ring with identity minimal prime ideal of an ideal in is a localization of some
and be a prime ideal of . If is an ideal of and is a minimal prime ideal of the contraction of the given ideal
minimal prime ideal of with , then is a minimal in .
prime ideal of . Corollary 2.2.16. Let be a commutative ring with identity
Proof. By taking and since if and and be a multiplicative system in . If is an ideal of
only if , then the proof will follows directly. and is a minimal prime ideal of , then there exist ideals

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 International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887)
Volume 166 – No.7, May 2017

of with an minimal prime ideal of , for which Corollary 2.2.19. Let be a commutative ring with identity
. and be a prime ideal and is an ideal of . Then, there is
a one to one correspondence between the minimal prime
Proof. By [4], there exists a prime ideal of with ideals of and minimal prime ideals of .
and such that and by Proposition 2.2.12, we have
, where , for . That means, Proof. By taking in Theorem 2.2.18, the proof will
follow at once.
is prime and is a minimal prime ideal of , so by
Proposition 2.2.14, we get is an minimal prime ideal of 3. CONCLUSION
. 1. There is a one to one correspondence between the
Corollary 2.2.17. Let be a commutative ring with identity primary ideals of and the primary ideals of
and be a prime ideal of . If is an ideal of and is a which contained in . Where be a prime ideal of
minimal prime ideal of , then there exist ideals of a ring .
with an minimal prime ideal of . 2. Under certain condition, there is a one-one
correspondence between the nilpotent (resp. nil)
Proof. By taking in Corollary 2.2.16, the proof ideals of and .
follows directly. 3. Under certain condition, the principality of Rings is
a localization property.
We mention that, Proposition 2.2.11 and Corollary 2.2.16
4. The Radical of the localization of a ring is the same
lead to the following theorem.
as the localization of the radical of the ring.
Theorem 2.2.18. Let be a commutative ring with identity 5. There is a one-one correspondence between the
and be a multiplicative system in and be an ideal of . minimal primes of . Where is an ideal of
Then, there is a one to one correspondence between the and is a prime ideal of .
minimal prime ideals of and minimal prime ideals of
. 4. REFERENCES
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