MODULE 14 PAST PERFECT

Exercise 156. Translate into Ukrainian.

1) The builders had finished the work by the end of the day. 2) The train
had left by the time we reached the station. 3) She had typed the text and was
looking through the files. 4) When the postman came, I hadn’t finished breakfast
yet. 5) Mother had cooked supper and was watching TV. 6) The policeman
asked me if I had seen the accident. 7) The rain had stopped and the sun was
shining. 8) He explained that he couldn’t pay as he had spent all the money. 9)
Hardly had the man got out of his car, when he was arrested. 10) The teacher
asked if we had understood everything. 11) My father had had dinner and was
looking through the papers. 12) We learned that Nick had been ill since he
returned from his business trip. 13) They were good friends. They had known
each other for a long time. 14) The work was much more difficult than we had
expected. 15) They left after we had discussed the programme. 16) Two men
delivered the sofa after I had paid for it. 17) The waiter brought our drinks after
we had had our soup. 18) I’d seen the film, so I read the book. 19) The
programme had ended, so I turned off the TV. 20) I had an invitation to the
party, but I’d arranged a trip to London.

Exercise 157. Complete the situations by add sentences with the past perfect
form of the verbs in brackets.
Example: I didn’t invite Don to the party. (go to Glasgow)
I didn’t invite Don to the party. He had gone to Glasgow.
1) Claire looked very suntanned when I saw her last week. (just / be on
holiday). 2) We rushed to the station, but we were too late. (the train / just / go)
3) I didn’t have an umbrella, but that didn’t matter. (the rain / stop) 4) When I
got to the concert hall, they wouldn’t let me in. (forget / my ticket) 5) Someone
got the number of the car the raiders used. (steal / it / a week before) 6) I was
really pleased to see Rachel again yesterday. (not / see / her / for ages) 7)
Luckily the flat didn’t look too bad when my parents called in. (just / clean / it)
8) The boss invited me to lunch yesterday, but I had to refuse the invitation.
(already / eat / my sandwiches) 9) When I entered the classroom, the teacher
reprimanded me. (the lesson / already / start) 10) Steve didn’t come with us to
the cinema. (already / see / the film) 11) Tina called Andrea to tell her she would
be late. (not / finish / homework / yet) 12) I didn’t eat anything at the party. (eat /
at home) 13) When Dad came home, everything was quiet. (the children /
already / go to bed) 14) Mike couldn’t get into the flat. (lose the key) 15) The
Browns came very soon from their holiday. (spend all the money) 16) I didn’t

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give Nina the book yesterday. (already / give it to Helen) 17) Bob was late for
classes yesterday. (miss the 8 o’clock train) 18) I didn’t cook salad. (Tom / not /
buy vegetables) 19) Sandra felt very upset. (just / lose her job) 20) I didn’t ring
Tom up yesterday. (quarrel with him)

Exercise 158. Rewrite as one sentence using the conjunctions from the box.

after before when till until

Example: The children went to bed. They did their lessons.

The children went to bed after they had done their lessons.
1) She wrote a very good article. She studied the problem thoroughly. 2)
The train started. He kissed her tenderly and wished good luck. 3) He rose to
fame. He wrote the novel Pickwick Papers. 4) The sun rose. The party made for
the top of the mountain. 5) She learned the poem by heart. She listened to the
record many times. 6) He spent a few years in the Far East. He settled down in
his native town. 7) He was a widower for a year. He met Mrs. Jones. 8) She fell
ill. They moved to Norway. 9) We packed our things. The taxi arrived. 10) The
bell rang. The children ran out of the classroom. 11) The children returned from
school. Mother cooked dinner. 12) They went for a walk. It stopped raining. 13)
They came to the skating-rink. The snow began. 14) I waited. She did the room.
15) He took his bath. His wife laid the table for breakfast. 16) Nick left for
school. Nelly was ready. 17) The children fell asleep. Their parents came back
from the pictures. 18) Mother waited. The children went to the skating-rink. 19)
The bell rang. He went to bed. 20) She called on them. They went to the
pictures.

Exercise 159. Translate into English.

1) Вони обговорювали новини, які щойно отримали. 2) Вона
приготувала все на п’яту годину і чекала гостей. 3) Ледве я дійшов до рогу,
як почув чиїсь кроки позаду. 4) Секретар повідомив, що відправив факс в
Нью-Йорк. 5) Я ще не заснула, коли почула стук у двері. 6) Він жалкував,
що відмовився від запрошення. 7) Коли ми прийшли в театр, спектакль вже
почався. 8) Я думала про те, що він мені розповів. 9) Хлопчики перестали
грати в футбол і повільно йшли додому. 10) Жінка пояснила, що сама
виростила ці чудові квіти. 11) Ми були дуже здивовані, коли дізналися, що
він пройшов співбесіду і отримав цю роботу. 12) Тільки-но ми здали
роботи, як задзвонив дзвоник. 13) Коли вони пішли, ми згадали, що не
показали їм наші літні фотографії. 14) Він сказав, що тільки що повернувся
з Китаю. 15) Я дуже здивувалася, коли дізналася, що саме він написав цей
бестселер. 16) Він хворів вже тиждень, коли родичі послали по лікаря. 17)
Тільки-но ми пообідали, як прийшли гості. 18) Діти загубили собачку і
шукали її в саду. 19) Директор запитав мене, як давно я в цій справі. 20)
Коли ми прийшли на вечірку, Пол вже пішов додому.

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Exercise 160. Complete the sentences using the past simple, past continuous or
past perfect forms of the verbs in brackets. You may have to use some negative
or interrogative forms.
Example: I __________ (see) the new James Bond film yesterday.
I saw the new James Bond film yesterday.
1) When __________ (the ceremony / take place)? 2) Two cars
__________ (stand by) for an hour ready to start. 3) I could read from his face
that he __________ (hesitate) to tell the truth. 4) She __________ (lead) him to
the cab that __________ (wait) at the door. 5) My father __________ (be) forty
and __________ (be) a widower for fifteen years. 6) He __________ (stand up)
quickly and __________ (clasp) his hands which __________ (tremble). 7) I
__________ (meet) him for the first time the day before yesterday. 8) He asked
her where she __________ (stay) because he __________ (want) to see her
again. 9) Hardly __________ we (take) our seats when he __________ (come
over). 10) Watson __________ (know) that his friend always __________
(smoke) pipe after pipe when he __________ (think) over a difficult problem.
11) At nine o’clock last night, I __________ (not / watch) TV. 12) Fifty years
ago, people __________ (not / spend) as much on entertainment as they do
today. 13) The car broke down just after we __________ (set off). 14) Josh
__________ (push) the door open and __________ (look) inside the room. 15)
__________ (Simon / finish / yet) the test when the bell __________ (ring)? 16)
I __________ (go) to the theatre four times last month. 17) It __________ (rain)
so Wendy __________ (decide) to go to the cinema. 18) The phone __________
(ring) while I __________ (watch) a DVD. 19) I __________ (read) a book
while you __________ (do) the washing-up. 20) Mrs Cross __________ (be) a
teacher for twenty years before she __________ (become) a head teacher.

Exercise 161. Complete the sentences using the present perfect or past perfect
forms of the verbs in brackets. You may have to use some negative or
interrogative forms.
Example: I read the book after I __________ (see) the film.
I read the book after I had seen the film.
I __________ (see) this film already.
I have seen this film already.
1) It isn’t raining now. It __________ (stop) at last. 2) We had no car at
that time. We __________ (sell) our old one. 3) The park looked awful. People
__________ (leave) litter everywhere. 4) You can have that newspaper. I
__________ (finish) with it. 5) There’s no more cheese. __________ (you / eat)
it all? 6) There was no sign of a taxi, although I __________ (order) one half an
hour before. 7) This bill isn’t right. They __________ (make) a mistake. 8) I
spoke to Melanie at lunch-time. Someone __________ (tell) her the news
earlier. 9) I was really tired last night. I __________ (have) a hard day. 10)
Don’t you want to see this programme? __________ (it / not / start) yet? 11)
It’ll soon get warm in here. I __________ (turn) the heating on. 12) At last the

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committee were ready to announce their decision. They __________ (make) up
their minds. 13) I __________ (finish) my homework a few minutes before the
lesson started. 14) I __________ (never / understand) why they give us so much
homework! 15) It’s the first time we __________ (watch) a video in class. 16)
The lesson __________ (start) when I arrived. 17) Mrs Jenkins __________
(be) the head teacher for three years. 18) Mr Banks __________ (not / arrive) at
the office by the time I got there. 19) John and Julie __________ (have) their car
for about a year. 20) I was angry with Layla because she __________ (not /
invite) me to her wedding.

Exercise 162. Translate into Ukrainian.

1) Hardly had we packed our things when it was high time to go to the
station. 2) No sooner had he made a call than the secretary brought him all the
papers he had asked for. 3) Hardly had the last passenger got on the train when it
started. 4) No sooner had the passengers taken off their coats than the attendant
brought in tea. 5) Hardly had he touched the pillow when he fell asleep. 6) No
sooner had we entered the hall than the lights went out and the curtain rose. 7)
Hardly had she entered the room when some man rushed to her. 8) Hardly had
we started when it began raining cats and dogs. 9) Hardly had he recovered from
his illness when there followed another heart attack. 10) No sooner had the
curtain fallen than there was a storm of applause. 11) Hardly had she sat down
when the phone rang. 12) No sooner had Bill’s head touched the pillow than he
was fast asleep. 13) Scarcely had Sam arrived when it was time for us to leave.
14) Hardly had the rain stopped when the children rushed into the street. 15)
Scarcely had the suspect entered the building when the police officers rushed to
him. 16) No sooner had Jenny got over the flu than the illness flared up again.
17) Hardly had we set off on a hiking trip when a steady rain set in. 18) No
sooner had the last person left the mined building than the bomb exploded. 19)
Scarcely had the last passenger checked in when the flight was closed. 20)
Hardly had we packed the last suitcase when the taxi arrived.

Exercise 163. Rewrite as one sentence using hardly ... when, no sooner ... than
or scarcely … when.
Example: He (to leave) the room; the bomb (explode).
Hardly had he left the room when the bomb exploded.
1) The guests (leave); she (go) upstairs. 2) The sun (set); it (become) very
cold. 3) The teacher (enter) the classroom; the pupils (stand up). 4) They (have)
their dinner; the telephone (ring). 5) The train (start); she (cry). 6) He (finish)
his story; there (be) a burst of laughter. 7) They (get married); she (begin) to
make scenes. 8) She (explain) everything; he (stop) listening. 9) They (leave)
town; they (feel) better. 10) She ( enter) the room; the light (go out). 11) The
orchestra (stop) playing; there (be) a storm of applause. 12) He (start); he
(realize) it was no longer what he wanted. 13) Miriam (go); Harry (suddenly /
return) looking more cheerful than one might have expected. 14) The leading

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man (go); one of the cameramen (approach). 15) The match (begin); the rain
(seem) to end. 16) The old man (sit down); there (be) a knock at the door. 17)
She (close) her eyes; the alarm clock (ring). 18) The clock (strike) midnight;
Cinderella’s carriage (turn) into a pumpkin. 19) Jane (finish) one project; she
(take up) another one. 20) The old lady (read) the letter; she (burst out) crying.

Exercise 164. Translate into English using hardly … when, scarcely … when or
no sooner … than.
1) Ледве він зробив крок у бік свого супротивника, як той вдарив. 2)
Не встигла Джейн увійти в кімнату, як побачила свого хлопця з букетом
квітів і загадковою посмішкою на обличчі. 3) Ледве Том відкрив банку з
консервами, як зрозумів, що вони зіпсувалися. 4) Як тільки вона побачила
його, вона зрозуміла, що він – її «друга половина». 5) Ледве Елізабет
визирнула у вікно, як побачила дорогу червону машину, прикрашену
великим жовтим бантом. 6) Тільки-но Марк став щось говорити своїй мамі,
як вона зрозуміла, що у нього захриплий голос. 7) Тільки-но він закінчив
списувати домашнє завдання, як до класу увійшов вчитель. 8) Не встигли
діти з’їсти свій сніданок, як вже під’їхав шкільний автобус. 9) Ледве він
встиг вимкнути комп’ютер, як в кімнату увійшла мати. 10) Не встиг він
прийти в інститут, як його одразу ж викликали до деканату. 11) Ледве
Бетті сіла за парту, як її викликали до дошки. 12) Ледве студенти закінчили
писати контрольну, як вчитель почав збирати зошити. 13) Тільки-но він
закрив двері на ключ, як в квартирі задзвонив телефон. 14) Як тільки він
зайшов у кімнату, всі розпочали розпитувати його про те, що трапилося.
15) Як тільки він зайшов до їдальні, як всі почали сміятися над ним. 16)
Тільки-но він почув слово «інверсія», як його почало морозити. 17) Не
встиг він вийти з Макдональдса, як на нього напали клоуни. 18) Тільки-но
він сів в машину, як вона вибухнула. 19) Не встигла вона побачити його, як
одразу ж закохалася. 20) Не встигла настати осінь, як відразу похолодало.

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MODULE 15 PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Exercise 165. Translate into Ukrainian.

1) We were tired, as we had been walking for more than an hour. It was
time to rest a little. 2) The boy had been reading the task in physics for a long
time but still he didn’t understand it. 3) Mrs. Jackson was one of the best
teachers at school. She had been teaching for twenty years. 4) Dora was writing
a letter to her boyfriend. She had been writing it since she came home from
class. 5) My eyes were getting tired. I had been reading for 2 hours. I decided to
make a break. 6) Mr. Robbins liked his job. He had been working in the
company for 15 years. 7) She put aside the sweater she had been knitting. 8) The
secretary closed the file she had been looking through. 9) They had been driving
all night when finally they saw the lights of a big city. 10) When I entered the
flat I saw that everything was in a mess. Somebody had been searching the
rooms. 11) The boys had black eyes and torn trousers. They had been fighting.
12) At last he got the opportunity he had been waiting for so long. 13) Tony had
been studying for hours, so he had a headache. 14) She’d been hoping to win the
competition since the summer. 15) We’d been talking about the Internet before
the lesson started. 16) She was tired because she’d been running. 17) The garden
was flooded because it had been raining all night. 18) Did they crash because he
had been driving too fast? 19) When I arrived, they’d been waiting for over half
an hour. 20) They were hot because they’d been dancing.

Exercise 166. Complete the sentences using the past perfect continuous form of
the verbs in brackets. You may have to use some negative or interrogative
forms.
Example: The crop was destroyed as it __________ (not / rain) for months.
The crop was destroyed as it hadn’t been raining for months.
1) I was tired. I __________ (work) all day long. 2) The room was empty
but there was a smell of cigarettes. __________ (somebody / smoke) in the
room? 3) He __________ (not / feel) good for several days so I advised him to
see the doctor. 4) It was very hot in the house and she __________ (lie) awake
for hours. 5) It __________ (snow) heavily and the telephone was cut down. 6)
It __________ (rain) for weeks and the only bridge across the river was
destroyed. 7) I fell off the bike yesterday. No wonder as I __________ (not /
ride) it for ages. 8) He __________ (study) the problem for a few years before
he could solve it. 9) We __________ (do) grammar exercises for over an hour,
so we were really bored! 10) They had a break because they __________ (work)
so hard. 11) My parents __________ (move) flats for ten years before they
settled down in Oxford. 12) Sarah was afraid to go out with Ethan since she

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__________ (not / date) anyone for ages. 13) They __________ (discuss) the
problem for two hours before they made a decision. 14) __________ (they / live)
in Scotland for five years before they moved to London. 15) She __________
(not / speak) French since she left Paris in 2009. 16) No wonder I lost the game.
I __________ (not / play) golf for years. 17) He turned to the girl who
__________ (listen) to the conversation with breathless interest. 18) The child
was cold. __________ (he / swim) in the river for several hours? 19) We
__________ (save) money for twenty years before we bought this apartment.
20) It became very dark and the children __________ (speak) in low voices for
the last ten minutes.

Exercise 167. Translate into Explain explaining the difference between the
following pairs of the sentences.
1) During my last visit to London I saw the results of the renovation of the
National Gallery.
a) When I last went to London, they had renovated the National Gallery.
b) When I last went to London, they had been renovating the National
Gallery.
2) Mr Banks hadn’t arrived at the office by the time I got there.
a) I arrived before Mr Banks.
b) Mr Banks arrived before me.
3) The make-up couldn’t conceal her swollen face and red eyes.
a) Although she tried to apply some make-up, we could see that Vicky was
crying.
b) Although she tried to apply some make-up, we could see that Vicky had
been crying.
4) The girls had tidied the house when the visitors arrived.
a) The visitors arrived and later the girls tidied the house.
b) The girls tidied the house and then the visitors arrived.
5) When Denny entered the room, there was a heavy silence in the room.
a) Denny heard his colleagues discussing the Concorde’s crash.
b) Denny’s colleagues looked unhappy. They had been discussing the
Concorde’s crash.
6) They’d bought the plane tickets before they heard about the cheaper flight.
a) They bought the plane tickets and later they heard about the cheaper
flight.
b) They heard about the cheaper flight and then they bought the plane
tickets.
7) Hardly had they entered their summer cottage when they saw pools on the
floor.
a) When they got to their summer cottage, they discovered that water was
leaking through the roof.
b) When they got to their summer cottage, they discovered that water had
been leaking through the roof.

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8) We’d had dinner when Wendy arrived.
a) Wendy arrived and then we had dinner.
b) We had dinner and then Wendy arrived.
9) Smoking in the office is forbidden. Although nobody saw Stephen smoking,
our boss understood it as soon as he entered the office.
a) By the smell in the room and his guilty expression I could tell that
Stephen had been smoking.
b) Yesterday Stephen was caught red-handed. When the boss came in, he
was smoking.
10) I read the book after I’d seen the film.
a) I saw the film and then I read the book.
b) I read the book and then I saw the film.
11) The play was cancelled when the group was in the middle of rehearsals.
a) The group had been rehearsing for some time when the play was
cancelled.
b) The play had been cancelled when the group started rehearsing.
12) By the time Dad came home, I’d gone to bed.
a) I went to bed before Dad came home.
b) I went to bed after Dad came home.
13) I was late for the party and had to apologize.
a) I explained to my host that I’d been fixing the car, which had broken
down.
b) I explained to my host that I had fixed the car, which had broken down.
14) She didn’t go to bed until her mum had come home.
a) She went to bed and then her mum came home.
b) Her mum came home and then she went to bed.
15) Ben and Tom were very thirsty after their game of tennis.
a) They had been playing in the sun for an hour and a half.
b) They had been playing in the sun for an hour and a half.
16) The plane had landed when we heard the noise.
a) We heard it before the plane landed.
b) We heard it after the plane landed.
17) Three years after graduation she still didn’t have a job.
a) She had been applying for jobs, without success, since leaving university.
b) She had applied for a job and was waiting for a reply.
18) I’d already decided to leave the area when the new neighbours moved in.
a) I decided to leave before they came.
b) I decided to leave after they came.
19) The farmers complained that there were no rabbits left in the woods.
a) Something had been killing the rabbits in the woods.
b) Something had killed the rabbits in the woods.
20) Monsanto had been placing adverts in the national press.
a) There was a number of repeated actions.
b) That was a continuing publicity campaign.

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Exercise 168. Complete the sentences using the past perfect continuous or past
continuous form of the verbs in brackets. You may have to use some negative or
interrogative forms.
Example: I cut my hand while I __________ (cook) a meal.
I cut my hand while I was cooking a meal.
Martin was dirty all over. He __________ (paint) the house.
Martin was dirty all over. He’d been painting the house.
1) Jim was on his hands and knees on the floor, he __________ (look) for
his pen. 2) When I arrived she __________ (wait) for me. But she looked angry
as she __________ (wait) for a very long time. 3) They still __________ (walk)
when it started snowing. 4) The children looked tired. They __________ (walk)
since early morning. 5) The magnificent car __________ (wait) at the door. It
__________ (wait) for two hours. 6) __________ (the sun / shine) all day long
yesterday? 7) She __________ (cry) for a few minutes more before she could
stop. 8) John __________ (drive) the car when the accident happened. 9) The
sky __________ (clear) though it __________ (rain) still. 10) The telephone
__________ (ring) for a few minutes before somebody picked up the receiver.
11) How long __________ (live) with your parents before you started living
alone? 12) The days __________ (get) longer and longer. 13) The teacher
looked up. All the pupils __________ (write) the test. 14) She __________
(forever / bother) me with silly questions. 15) He __________ (work) very hard
for several years before he got this position. 16) Last night I __________ (read)
in bed when somebody knocked on my front door. 17) Jane __________ (not /
drive) the car since the accident. 18) At 1 p.m. on Wednesday Mathew
__________ (meet) with his friends. He __________ (wait) for his sister in the
arrivals area. 19) She __________ (not / wear) glasses since she bought contact
lenses. 20) How long __________ (take) driving lessons before you got your
driving license?

Exercise 169. Complete the sentences using the past perfect or past perfect
continuous form of the verbs in brackets. You may have to use some negative
forms.
Example: Julia knew all about our plans though I __________ (not / tell) her
anything.
Julia knew all about our plans though I hadn’t told her anything.
He __________ (write) books ten years before he became popular.
He had been writing books ten years before he became popular.
1) Her name was Logan. She __________ (be) a widow for fifteen years
and had no children. 2) He wanted to find out how long the two men
__________ (stay) with them. 3) We talked about what we __________ (do)
since we left school. 4) The last member of the party was Neville, the film star,
whom David __________ (know) for some time. 5) The bearded man told them
that the terrorists __________ (import) arms for some time now. 6) We told
them that in our absence the garden __________ (be) looked after by an old man

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who __________ (live) in the area since the Boer war. 7) Now they were
floating in the little green boat upon the perfectly calm sea in which they lately
__________ (swim). 8) Jack was half an hour late and he asked what we
__________ (eat) because he wanted to order the same. 9) Basil said that he
__________ (write) all day and __________ (not / eat) anything. 10) She said
she __________ (not / see) him since he was in his first year at the university.
11) Her lack of accent was explained by the fact that she __________ (be) for
twenty years in London. 12) It was cold and dark in the small room because it
__________ (rain) for five days. 13) He said he __________ (have) the statuette
for a long time. 14) The noise woke Joe who __________ (sleep) in his pram by
the carriage door. 15) I went into the kitchen. Nothing __________ (be) touched
in it since the morning before. 16) He said he __________ (not / write) to me
because he __________ (work) on the new play. 17) __________ (hardly / turn)
off the fire alarm when it went off again. It __________ (drive) him mad for a
couple а hours already. 18) When Tom got home his dog was sitting by the front
door waiting for him. Tom understood that he __________ (forget) to let it in
and it __________ (wait) for him since morning. 19) When the fire-fighters
arrived the neighbours __________ (already / put out) the fire in the bakery and
__________ (talk) to the policemen for 10 minutes or so. 20) I __________
(wait) for the bus long when my neighbour offered me a lift downtown.

Exercise 170. Translate into English.

1) Він зумів зрозуміти фільм, тому що багато років займався
французьким. 2) Коли я був в Лондоні, вона прийшла побачити мене, тому
що ми листувалися вже багато років. 3) Він мив машину близько години,
коли зрозумів, що це не його машина. 4) Люди прочекали годину, перш
ніж прийшов автобус. 5) У будинку чудово пахло. Мама з ранку пекла
пироги. 6) Хоча Антон весь день клеїв шпалери, він погодився піти на
концерт ввечері. 7) Він попросив не торкатися стіни, тому що тільки що
фарбував її. 8) Я носила нові туфлі лише десять хвилин, коли зламалися
підбори. 9) У нього на руках було масло. Він міняв покришки. 10) Коли
начальник увійшов до кімнати, всі замовкли, і він зрозумів, що говорили
про нього. 11) Нарешті настав день, про який він так довго мріяв. 12)
Віктор закінчив доповідь, над якою так довго працював. 13) Минулого
року до першого червня Рік вже повторив більшу частину англійської
граматики. 14) Гай приїхав в Брістоль вже вчора до восьмої ранку. 15)
Саймон дивився футбольний матч по телевізору до тих пір, поки не
задзвонив телефон. 16) Майк навчався в цій школі, поки його батько не
отримав роботу в іншому місті. 17) До того моменту, як чоловік
повернувся додому, дружина розмовляла по телефону вже три години. 18)
О дванадцятій ночі він закінчив роботу над своєю книгою. 19) Вчора о
шостій годині вони вже перевели цю частину книги. 20) До цієї години
чотири дні тому вони уже дві години писали цей тест.

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