PCM/ DM Questions Latest PCM/ DM MCQ O! & CE ABR ee lial AR Secs Start Complete Exam Preparation eee oes es sme. jownload App Ex. Question 1: View this Question Online > The amplitude of a random signal is uniformly distributed between -5V and 5V. If the signal to quantization noise ratio required in uniformly quantizing the signal is 43.54B, the step size of the quantization is approximately - 1, 0.0333V 2. 0.05V 3. 0.0667V 4. 0.10V Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 3: 0.0667Vcoaching govt. exams Under One Roof cae Te oad PCM DM Question 1 Detailed Solution Concept: For a uniformly distributed random signal £,Ax) + 12a a a Signal to quantization noise (SNR) = EDX7J/E[Xqe4] Where E[X2] = Message signal power E[Xq¥2] = Noise Power = 8/12 Where is the step size If the Distribution is symmetric as shown above E(x] = a2/3 Calculation: Given; Signal to quantization noise = 43.5 dB The amplitude of a random signal is uniformly distributed betweef"=5V and 5V. 1,00, a 1/10E[X?] = 57/3 = 25/3 EXge2] = 52/12 SNR = (25/3)/ (67/12) = 100/ 62 SNR (dB) = 10log(SNR) =9435 = 10log(SNR) = log(SNR) = 43.5/10 = SNR= 10435 Therefore 100/ 5? = 10495 = & = 100/10435 == 0.0667 Ro India's #1 Learning Platform Start Complete Exam Preparation Sion fee ied a sto bad eee Gl Peo Download App Question 2: View this Question Online > Which one of the following communication system is digital? 1. AM 2. FM 3, a 4. PCM eT OR Ger RR nossoOption 4: PCM PCM/ DM Question 2 Detailed Solution Pulse Modulation Analog modulation Digital Modulation [ PAM| |PWM/ |PPM ~a Modulation In analog modulation, if the amplitude of a pulse or duration of a pulse is varied according to the instantaneous values of the baseband modulating signal, then such a technique is called as Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM). This is similar to AM modulation in which the carrier amplitude varies according to the modulating signal. ion): It is a technique by which an analog digital form to have signal transmission through a digital network. ¢. modulation scheme. nal gets converted into belongs to a digital ee ieee amu Beil Start Complete Exam Pr Panne coe Pec Goi eC) ee bor jownload App RCC esa Question 3: View this Question Online > Which is the sequence for PCM? 1. Sampling, Encoding, Quantizing 2. Quantizing, Sampling, Encodingee ed, 4. Sampling, Quantizing, E1 ee rang CO i: Answer (Detail wnt Opti LS i uantizing, Encoding MI Question 3 Detailed Solution PCM is a technique by which an analog signal gets converted into digital form to have signal transmission through a digital network. The major steps involved in PCM is sampling, quantizing, and encoding. Analog i input_ {Low pass|_{ j J i tee | Sampler | 4 Quantizer}—4| Encoder ou Distorted PCM Regenerative] [Regenerative — repeater repeater ae, M signal Low pass’ Receiving| Rene } pea filter end Block diagram of PCM system Low Pass Filter:cce + Here, the message signal which is the continuous-time form is allowed to pass through a low pass filter (LPF). + This LPF whose cutoff frequency is fm, eliminates the high-frequency components of the signal and passes only the frequency components that lie below fy. : + The output of the LPF is then fed to a sampler where the analog input si led hat is Sampler; at regular intervals. + This sampling frequency is so selected that it must follow the sampli expressed as: F222 x + The output of the sampler is a signal tha’ e2 continuous amplitude signal denoted as nT, which is nothing butagpial’ sigJe Sl + A quantizer is a unit that rounds off each sample to the nearest discrete level. + The Sampler provides a continuous range signal and hence still an analog one. + The quantizer performs the approximation of each sample thus assigning it a particular discrete level Encoder: + An encoder performs the conversion of the quantized signal into binary codes. + This unit generates a digitally encoded signal which is a sequence of binary pulses that acts as the modulated output. + Atitisa binary encoder thus generates a binary code sequence. That is transmitted through the transmission path. ‘Comparator is not used in pulse code modulation. eee Eee) re Start Complete Exam Preparation iesieacig Exeter) Doerr Download App Cal] Pons } eed Sa Question 4: View this Question Online > system provides the best tradeoff between bandwidth and S/N ratio. 1, PPM 2. PDM 3. PCM 7k Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 3: PCMPCM DM Question 4 Detailed Solution Bandwidth : The range of frequency where signal is available. Signal to noise Ratio: The ratio of signal power to noise power. The system requires minimum bandwidth and channel has fixed capacity G= B.loga(1+SNR) B: Bandwidth C trade-off to SNR. PCM system provides best tradeoff between bandwidth and S/N ratio. PCM provides largest bandwidth, Delta provides minimum bansiwi & Additional Informa’ » PPM (Positional pulse modulation) Position of pulse is varied. PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) Pulse width is varied PDM (Pulse density modulation) Pulse width remains constant but period between pulse changes. eN Pee eae Reon ret Plame) (CM hci m rele L iced) Gees one ne ca Download App iesieacrig xtc) Question 5: View this Question Online > Ina binary PCM system, if the level of pulses switches between -A/2 and A/2 then itis actin ee1. On-off 2. Polar 3. Bipolar 4. Unipolar NA G Answer (etal Iw) Option ‘CM! DM Question 5 Detailed Solution Line Coding Scheme = To convert the digital date into digital signal. Convert sequence of bits(data) into digital signal. ON-OFF Keying (Unipolar NRZ) : Logic 1: +A volt Logic 0:0 volt t}eofs]o| Polar (Bipolar NRZ) : tA 0 Logie 1: +A volt Logic 0 :-A volt PERE jolar RZ: Return to zeroLogic 1: +A volt Logic 0 :-A volt +A > | ie, ose, : | 0 f 0 27 A Unipolar RZ: Return to zero Logic 1: +A volt Logic 0 :0 volt +A ‘ 1 8 a) UNG 27 ST a 2 2 Top PCM/ DM MGQ oO} India’s #1 Learning Platform Rte Ree oat oi Start Complete Exam Preparation PS (im Brstice CaS ha ees Jownload App Coa Renesas Byte Question 6 View this Question Online > Which modulation technique does not use past information for modulation 1, Delta modulation2. Pulse Code modulation 3. Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation oo™ 4. Adaptive Delta Modulation Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 2: Pulse Code =a PCM! DM iiled Solution ‘ode is varied according to the sampled value. dock diagram of the PCM system is shown below. "analog i mossaga 4 LPF [3] Sampler Lsfouantizer} | Encoder | signa Channel output Itis used in Voice, Audio, and CD recording. PCM system doesn’t use the previous samples in its processing of information. > Important Points De Modulation (DM): itis used to reduce the bandwidth or bit rate. * It is considered as a 1 bit DPCM. So, the encoder is a 1 bit ADC + The encoder output is either 1 or 0 + Two quantization levels are used + Aand - A The block diagram is shown below:+ T, Delay} "* DM uses past information for modulation. Adaptive Delta Modulation (ADM): + This Modulation is the refined form of delta modulation. + This method was introduced to solve the granular noise and slope overload éfrorcatised during Delta modulation. a + In DM the step size is constant and depends on a maximum slope but in ADM the step size is varied according to the slope of the message signal. c a The transmitter part is shown below: loutput ADM also uses past information for modulation. Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation: it is one of the variants of the DPCM that varies the size of the quantization step. It is used to compress the data. The block diagram of DPCM is shown below: : + 4D LPF —_— + m(t) 1- bit DPCM Delay DPCM also uses past information for modulation. Pa eae Re ceuay Ree ers Start Complete Exam Preparation Cd ere EI ioe a es hea Ocoee Download AppQuestion 7 View this Question Online > Comparing Delta Modulation (DM) with PCM systems, DM requires: 1. lower sampling rate 2.a higher sampling rate 3. least bandwidth 4. simpler hardware 1. 1,2and 4 only cy 2. 1,2and 3 only co 3. 2,3.and4 only oo 4. “eh OP Xo nswer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 3: 2, 3 and 4 only PCM) DM Question 7 Detailed Solution + In PCM an analog signal is sampled and encoded into different levels before transmission + The bandwidth of PCM depends on the number of levels If each sample is encoded into n bits, then the bandwidth of PCM is nf + However, in the case of Delta modulation, each sample is sent using only 1 bit which is +A or -A Hence there is bandwidth saving in Delta modulation + DM hes a simple hardware requirement in comparison to PCM, © B important Point A comparison of different madulation schemes is as shown in the table below: Delta PCM DPCM MogaMtipn Parameter Bits can It uses It can use 4] only one | Pe more INumbertt ©29 use 44 only one | yn oneof bits | ee cample| one |, but are a e less than sample | Rca segsie| raed Level/_ Step sizeis} °° | number Stepize| fixed of levels cannot be| oP are used. varied Slope | Slope overload | overload uantid BREAN istortion|distortion ~ Bends on error or| and | and ithe number of levels | Sfanuler Distorti noise is. |quantiiatipn used present |is present Highest bandwidth The since the I ndimiat peau is lower channel] bitsare [TEMA Nan pew high signal t Noise Good Poor Fair ratio Area of | Audio and | Speech video | and ApplicatbbTelephony | images Speech land video} ee eee rca Plame) (CM hci m rele L iced) CRE Roto Gees ee Co eon ca Download App Question 8 View this Question Online > A speech signal is sampled at 8 kHz and encoded in PCM format using 8-bit/sample PCM data is transmitted through a baseband channel via 4-level PAM. Minimum Bandwidthrequired for transmission is 1. 16 kHz Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 1: 16 kHz PCM/ DM Question 8 Detailed Solution Concept: Baseband commurication is given. Minimum Bandwidth will be required if transmission of data takes place using sinc pulses and the bandwidth is given by: BW ing eine Where Ry =n f. n= number of bits used to represent samples N\A G e f, = sampling rate. O Calculation: xO In the Question, it is asked about minimum Bandwi ill consider thet the transmission of data is taking place through sinc pulses. Given f; = 8kHz n= 8 bits/semple M=4 Rp = nfIndia’s #1 Learning Platform Start Complete Exam Preparation CCC CD coi ecto eee Mock Tests Dos canes Download App iesieacrig Exerc) Question 9 View this Question Online > Companding is used to 1. overcome quantising noise\in PCM 2. protect small signals in’PCM from quantising noise 3. AR... to reduce impulse noise 4. increase the power content of the modulated signal Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 2: protect small signals in PCM from quantising noise PCM/ DM Question 9 Detailed Solution The smaller the signal strength, the stronger itis hit by the quantization process. Companding is used to protect these small strength signals from quantization noise. Companding: + Companding, also known as Companded PCM) is non-uniform quantization technique. + Itis implemented to improve the signal fo quantization noise ratio of weak signals. + The compression of the signal at the transmitter and expansion at the receiver is combined to be called ono shown in the form of a block diagram: Uniform. Inout fe -egeor | Eynander= | wae ‘ Acompanding model + Companders like A-law and p-law Companders are used in PCM to compress signals before input to the ADC in the transmitter stage and expand it after the input to DAC at the receiver. Cal eo Cee Start Complete Exam Preparation eee Oe nC ne Download App Question 10 View this Question Online > Ina binary PCM system, if the level of pulses switches between -A/2 and A/2 then it is called a____ binary signal. 1. On-off 2. Polar 3. Bipolar 4, Unipolar Answer (Detailed, Solution Below) Option 2" Polar m ‘M/ DM Question 10 Detailed Solution Line Coding Scheme : To convert the digital date into digital signal. Convert sequence of bits(data) into digital signal.ON-OFF Keying (Unipolar NRZ) : Logic 1: +A volt Logic 0 :0 volt t}ofs]o| Polar (Bipolar NRZ) : +A 0 Logic 1: +A volt Logic 0 :-A volt +A 4 0 1 | 0 0 ‘ A Bipolar RZ: Return to zero Logic 1: +A volt of : Logic 0:-A volt Noe +A ! iT, seh , 7 ol A 2 Unipolar RZ: Return to zero Logic 1: +A volt Logic 0 :0 volt 5 S13 SICR ABR Rell PS ETa mei) (Cw pelea) eae Bien Practice Daag reroll Creed Brie Download App ‘Question 11 View this Question Online > Which of the following is the expression for bandwidth of a PCM system? 4. BW 2vfm Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 1: BW 2 vim PCM DM Question 11 Detailed Solution PCM: Pulse Code Modulation Analog to digital conversion where the information contained in the instantane6us samples of an analog signal is represented by digital words in a serial stream. The bandwidth of the binary PCM waveform dependsiontthe bit rate and waveform pulse shape used to represent the data. R, (Bandwidth)scy. 2 Rp : Bit rate ~~(Bandwidth)aqy = Um v: Number of bit required to represent digital word f Highest frequency of message signal Hence Correct option is India’s #1 Learning Platform PS Tame CM cima yeh el) iG) Poy 5 Tec MasterCl Prete) Download App ‘Question 12 Which is the sequence for PCM? 1. Sampling, Encoding, Quantizing 2. Quantizing, Sampling, Encoding 3. Quantizing, Encading, Sampling 4, Sampling, Quantizing, Encoding Answer (Detailed)Solution Below) Option 4: Sampling, Quantizing, Encoding Az... DM Question 12 Detailed Solution Cea et View this Question Online > PCMis a technique by which an analog signal gets converted into digital form to have signal transmission through a digital network. The major steps involved in PCM is sampling, quantizing, and encoding.Analog input input e Leer Sampler }—4 Quantizer|}—} Encoder PCM signal Distorted sea Regenerative Regenerative ae repeater repeater Eads signal Regenerator] [Decoder] |", Fass|__fReceivng Block diagram of PCM system Low Pass Filter:cce + Here, the message signal which is the continuous-time form is allowed to pass through a low pass filter (LPF). + This LPF whose cutoff frequency is fm eliminates the high-frequency components cf the signal and passes only the frequency components that lie below fin. Samp + The output of the LPF is then fed to a sampler where the analog input s led at regular intervals. + This sampling frequency isso selected that it must follow the samplin at is expressed as: fe 2 2fm ty + The output of the sampler is a sign tis di rime continuous amplitude signal denoted as nT, which is nothing ou: signal. Quantizer: + A quantizer is a unit that rounds off each sample to the nearest discrete level. + The Sampler provides a continuous range signal and hence still an analog one. + The quantizer performs the approximation of each sample thus assigning it a particular discrete level. Encoder: + An encoder performs the conversion of the quantized signal into binary codes + This unit generates a digitally encoded signal which is a sequence of binary pulses that acts as the modulated output. + Atit isa binary encoder thus generates a binary code sequence. That is transmitted through the transmission path. Comparator is not used in pulse code modulation. coEee Peery Start Complete Exam Preparation CRE Dereon Gee Oe rane Cir Download App Question 13 View this Question Online > system provides the best tradeoff between bandwidth and S/N ratio. 1, PPM 2. PDM 3. PCM 4 oN Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 3: PCM PCM DM Question 13 Detailed Solution Bandwidth - The range of frequency where signal is available. Signal to noise Ratio: The ratio of signal power to noise power. The system requires minimum bandwidth and channel has fixed capacity C = B loga(1+SNR) B: Bandwidth C trade-off to SNR. PCM system provides best tradeoff between bandwidthiand S/N ratio.PCM provides largest bandwidth. Delta provides minimum ba &; Additional Informa’ PPM (Positional pulse modulation) Position of pulse is varied. PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) Pulse width is varied PDM (Pulse density modulation) Pulse width remains constant but period between pulse changes. ER ARES Rela) Start Complete Exam Preparation Pa ord Pacis cia ole Ge cag Gag etter Download App Question 14 CRG eos View this Question Online > A signal is sampled 8 kHz and is quantized using 8 - bit uniform quantizer assuming SNRg for a sinusoidal signal, the correct statement for PCM signal with a bit rate of R is: 1, R = 32 kbps, SNRg = 49.8 dB 2. R= 64 kbps, SNR, = 55.8 dB 3. R= 64 kbps, SNR, = 49.8 dB 4. R= 32 kbps, SNRg = 25.8.8 oO Solution Below) Option 64 kbps, SNR, = 49.8 dBPCM DM Question 14 Detailed Solution Concept: Pulse code modulation is a technique to change an analog signal to digital data. A large bandwidth is required in the PCM system. APCM encode contain three components: 1) The analog signal is sampled 2) The sampled signal is quantized 3) The quantized values are encoded as a stream of bits Diagram: Quantizied signal peM encoder _— | H amping}{axaniizing HEscoaing)) Le [1-1 100} Digital data, PAM signal Analog signal SNR of PCM (SNRQ), Is given by SNR, ~ 8) dB : Where n = number of bits Bit rate (Rp) is given by Ry = n x fg f, = Sampling frequency Calculation: Given n=8 From concept, SNR, = 6n + 1.8= 49.8 dB Ry = 8 kbps x 8 = 64 kKbpspp-gkbpsx8=64kbps" id="Mathlax-Element-4-Frame” role="presentation” style="display: inline; position: relative;” tabindex="0"> ca India’s #1 Learning Platform Ca Coc im csrkee Mock Tests ies cae Exertiz2 jownload App Question 15 View this Question Online > A 12-bit ADC has input signal range of + 1 V. The signal to quantization noise ratio if a sine wave signal with 0.25 V peak voltage is given as input is: 1, 62dB 2. 72 dB 3. 74dB 4. 48 cB Answer (Détailed Solution Below) Byres PCM DM Question 15 Detailed Solution Concept: The concept of converting an analog signal to its digital counterpart is explained with the help of the following diagram: Vu 111 L7 110 L6 101 LS 100 L4 011 L3 010 L2 001 L1 eee A x(nT,)— — X(T.) fF3>Q,The maximum quantization is given as: o Qetmazy = 3 NA CG A= step size given by: Oo EE 10° L = Number of levels XN Calculation: ke Given: Amax = 1) Amin WW, n= 12 Step size is given as; As input signal has a peak value of 0.25 V, so it has only 1024 levels hence, n’ = 10 As signal to quantization ratio: =18+6n =18+6x 10 = 61.8 dB.