Acknowledgement

In the accomplishment of this project

successfully, Many people have best owned upon
me their blessings and the heart pledge support,
this time I am utilizing to thank all the people
who have been concerned with this project.

Primarily I would like thank god for being able to

complete this project with success. Then I would
like to thank my principal Mr. V.K Yadav sir and
my physics teacher Mr. A. P. Singh. Sir whose
valuable guidance has been the ones that helped
me patch this project and make it full proof
success, his suggestions and instruction has
served as the major contribution towards the
completion of this project.

Then I would like to thank my parents who have

helped me with their valuable suggestions and
guidance has been very helpful in various phases
of the completion of the project.
Saurabh Kumar
Class 12 (Science)
 AIM
To construct and study the working conditions of
a full wave

INTRODUCTION
1. RECTIFIER

A rectifier is an electrical device that (AC),

which periodically reverses direction, to (DC),
which flows in only one direction. The process is
known as rectification. Physically, rectifiers take
a number of forms, including Rectifiers have
many uses, but are often found serving as
components of DC and power transmission
systems. It is a combination of Diodes and
Resistors either in series or in parallel It gives
appropriate output to be used in DC
combination
2. FULL WAVE RECTIFIER

While this method may be suitable for low power

applications it is unsuitable to applications which
need a “steady and smooth” DC supply voltage.
One method to improve on this is to use every half-
cycle of the input voltage instead of every other half-
cycle. The circuit which allows us to do this is called
a Full Wave Rectifier. Like the half wave circuit, a
full wave rectifier circuit produces an output voltage
or current which is purely DC or has some specified
DC component.

Full wave rectifiers have some fundamental

advantages over their half wave rectifier counterparts.
The average (DC) output voltage is higher than for
half wave, the output of the full wave rectifier has
much less ripple than that of the half wave rectifier
producing a smoother output waveform.

N Vs- Vmsinwt i.e., sinusoidal input voltage

In a Full Wave Rectifier circuit two diodes are now
used, one for each half of the cycle. A is used whose
secondary winding is split equally into two halves
with a common canter tapped connection. This
configuration results in each diode conducting in turn
when its anode terminal is positive with respect to the
transformer canter point C producing output during
both half cycles, twice that for the half wave rectifier
as it is 100 percent efficient.

The full wave rectifier circuit consists of two power

diodes connected to a single load resistance (RL) with
each diode taking it in turn to supply current to the
load. When point A of the transformer is positive with
respect to point C, diode DI conducts in the forward
direction as indicated by the arrows

When point B is positive (in the negative half of the

cycle) with respect to point C diode D2 conducts in
the forward direction and the current flowing through
resistor R is in the same direction for both half-cycles.
As the output voltage across the resistor R is the
phasor sum of the two waveforms combined, this type
of full wave rectifier circuit is also known as a
“diphase” circuit
 COMPARISION CHART

PARAMETERS HALF-WAVE FULL-WAVE

RECTIFIER RECTIFIER
Rectification 40.6% 81.2%
efficiency

Ripple factor 1.21 0.482

Transformer 0.286 0.692
utilization factor

Voltage regulation Good Better

Fundamental Equal to supply Double of supply
frequency of ripple frequency frequency, 2f
From factor 1.57 1.11
Peak factor 2 1.414
Number of diodes Only 1 Vary from 2 to 4,4
in case of bridge
rectifier

Peak inverse Vs 2vs

DC output voltage Imax/πRL 2πRL Imax
 Application of full wave rectifier:

To provide full wave rectification, usually as a

first step to Convert AC power to DC.

Car alternator

Any cell phone charger

Laptop/tablet charger Power bank

Any other switching supply: alarm, charger,

Bluetooth Device charger, LAN/router supply
etc.

Audio power supply in pre amp and power

amplifier

Any video device

Lead battery charger LED driver, any LED

lamp over 10 Watts in general
Characteristics of Full Wave Rectifier:

Advantages of Full Wave Rectifier:

You can use four individual power diodes to make a full

wave bridge, readymade bridge rectifier components are
available off the-shelf
shelf in a range of different voltage and
current sizes that can be soldered directly into a PCB
circuit board or be connected by spade connectors.

The full-wave
wave bridge rectifier gives us a greater mean DC
value with less superimposed ripple while the output
waveform is twice that of the frequency of the input
supply. Therefore, increase its average DC output level
even higher by connecting a suitable smoothing capacitor
across the output of the bridge circuit.

The advantages of a full

full-wave bridge rectifier are that it has
a smaller AC ripple value for a given load and a smaller
reservoir or smoothing capacitor than an equivalent half-
half
wave rectifier circuit. The fundamental frequency of the
ripple voltage is twice that of the AC supply frequency