Imus Institute of Science and Technology

College of Engineering

Computer Engineering Department

Fundamentals of Electronic Circuits

Name: Capuz, Jannella Frea P. Instructor: Engr. Gilbert Laguardia

Date Performed: 3/7/2023 Date Submitted: 3/12/2023.

Experiment No.4

Rectifiers and Filters

Objectives

● To describe the operation of a half-wave and a full-wave rectifier.

● To describe the different configurations of diode rectifier circuits.

● Measure the output waveforms of half-wave and full-wave rectifiers.

● To describe the filtering operation of the capacitor.

Instruments/Materials Needed

NI ELVIS II Series Prototyping board

NI Instrument Launcher

a) Oscilloscope

b) Function Generator

c) Variable Power Supply

1KΩ and10KΩ Resistors

4x 1N4001 Diode or equivalent

10 µF Capacitor
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ruEYtTYePRk

Introduction

The process of converting alternating current into direct current is called rectification.
The most common circuit that is used in rectification is the rectifier circuit. The common
rectifier circuits are half-wave and full wave rectifiers.

Rectifies circuits generate waveforms that have an average value of output voltage
particular use in ac-to-dc conversion. A diode is called rectifier is its application is
employed in rectification. Its power and current ratings are typically much higher than
those of diodes employed in other applications.

The differences between the two rectifier circuits are:

● Full-wave employs two diodes every alteration of an input wave while half-wave
only employs one diode.
● The other half alteration output of a half-wave is set to zero while the full-wave is
only shifted to the same alteration level as the first alteration.

Half-wave output waveform Full-wave output waveform

Filter capacitors also known as smoothing capacitors converts the rippled output of the
rectifiers into a smooth DC output voltage. The smoothing capacitor is generally an
Electrolytic type that has a capacitance value of 100uF or more with repeated DC
voltage pulses from the rectifier charging up the capacitor to peak voltage.

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Procedures

HALF-WAVE RECTIFIER

a.) Construct a half-wave rectifier circuit using a 1N4001 Diode a series 1KΩ
resistor and a parallel 10µF capacitor.

b.) Set the input voltage to 10V peak to peak, 60 Hz.

c.) Set the oscilloscope to an appropriate setting that can view the full extent of
the waveform.

d.) Connect Channel A of your oscilloscope to the input voltage of the rectifier
and Channel B to the output of the rectifier.

e.) Print the input and output waveform.

f.) Draw the constructed circuit in the design page

FULL-WAVE RECTIFIER

1. Construct a full-wave rectifier using 4 pieces of 1N4001 diodes, a 10Kohm

resistor, and a 10µF Capacitor.

2. Set the input voltage to 10V peak to peak, 60 Hz.

3. Set the oscilloscope to an appropriate setting that can view the full extent of
the waveform.

4. Connect Channel A of your oscilloscope to the input voltage of the rectifier

and Channel B to the output of the rectifier.

5. Print the input and output waveform.

6. Draw the constructed circuit in the design page.

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Design

Full Wave Rectifier

Half Wave Rectifier

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Results

In Full-Wave Rectifier the rectifier's diodes enable current to flow through them and into
the load during the positive half cycle of the input AC signal (resistor or capacitor). A
positive voltage is produced across the load as a result. The rectifier's diodes stop
current flow during the negative half cycle of the input AC signal, keeping the load from
discharging. The voltage across the load so stays positive. The input voltage, which has
been smoothed by the load circuitry, is the full wave rectifier's output voltage in absolute
terms.

In Half-Wave Rectifier The rectifier's diode permits current to pass through it and into the
load during the positive half cycle of the input AC signal (resistor or capacitor). A positive
voltage is produced across the load as a result. The diode inhibits current flow during the
negative half cycle of the input AC signal, preventing the load from discharging. The
voltage across the load thus becomes zero. The negative half-cycles are absent from
the output of the half wave rectifier, which produces a series of positive half-cycles. Due
to the voltage drop across the diode, the output voltage of the half wave rectifier with
filter is somewhat lower than the peak voltage of the input AC signal.

Conclusion

Full Wave Rectifiers and half wave rectifiers are examples of electronic circuits that
convert an AC input signal into a DC output signal. Nonetheless, there are observable
differences in both their behavior and performance.  Because they utilize both halves of
the AC input signal, full wave rectifiers have higher efficiency than half wave rectifiers
and offer a more consistent output voltage. Filtered full wave rectifiers are ideal for
applications like power supplies, battery chargers, and motor control circuits that require
a dependable and efficient DC voltage because they produce an output voltage that is
smoother and steadier. On the other hand, Half Wave Rectifiers are useful when little
power is needed, and ripple voltage is acceptable. They are less efficient than full wave
rectifiers since they only utilize half of the AC input signal. They also generate a DC
output voltage with a ripple voltage that can be reduced with a filter capacitor.

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In conclusion, whether to utilize a full wave rectifier or a half wave rectifier depends on
the specific application needs. Full wave rectifiers are more efficient and provide an
output voltage that is steadier and smoother, but half wave rectifiers are useful in low
power applications where ripple voltage can be tolerated.