pm shri school Jawahar

navodaya vidyalaya
pekhubela una

Name : Vaishali
Roll no : 38
Class : xii (science)
Admission no :2562
Topic: full wave rectifier
submitted to : Mrs.Ankita
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THANKS
 Project on
Full wave Rectifier
 CERTIFICATE

 This is to certify that “vaishali’’ student of class 12 th

science has successfully completed their biology
project on full wave rectifier under the guidance of
Mrs.ankita
 ( P.G.T physics )

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE
Mr.ankita (PRINCIPLE MR.RAJ )

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 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

 I WOULD LIKE TO CONVEY MY HEARTFELT THANKS

TO MRS.ANKITA (PGT PHYSICS) WHO ALWAYS GAVE
VALUABLE SUGGESTIONS AND GUIDANCE FOR
COMPLETION OF MY PROJECT .HE HELPED ME TO UN
DERSTAND AND REMEMBER IMPORTANT DETAILS OF
THE PROJECT.HE SUPPORTED ME AND GAVE HIS
GUIDANCE IN COMPLETIONOF MY PROJECT
SUCCESSFULL
 DATE :
 VAISHALI
XII (SCIENCE)

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 BIBLIOGRAPHY

 NCERT TEXTBOOK physics

• Studyranker.physics
 byjus.com
 Physicsproject.material

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What is a Full Wave Rectifier?

A semiconductor device that is used to change the

complete AC cycle into pulsating DC is known as a
full-wave rectifier. This circuit uses the full wave of
the i/p AC signal whereas the half-wave rectifier
uses the half-wave. This circuit is mainly used to
overcome the drawback of half-wave rectifiers like
low-efficiency drawback.
FULL WAVE RECTIFIER
CIRCUIT
These rectifiers have
some fundamental
advantages over their
half-wave rectifier
counterparts. The
average (DC) output
voltage is higher than for
the half-wave rectifier, the
output of this rectifier has
much less ripple than that
of the half-wave rectifier
producing a smoother
output waveform
TABLE OF CONTENT
 THEORY
 FULL WAVE RECTIFIER
 WORKING OF FULL WAVE RECTIFIER
 WORKING
 TYPES
 ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGE
 APPLICATION
THEORY
 This circuit consists of two power diodes connected to a single load
resistance (RL) with each diode taking it, in turn, to supply current to the
load resistor. When point A of the transformer is positive with respect to
point A, diode D1 conducts in the forward direction as indicated by the
arrows. When point B is positive in the negative half of the cycle with
respect to C point, the diode D2 conducts in the forward direction and the
current flowing through resistor R is in the same direction for both half-
cycles of the wave.
 The output voltage across the resistor R is the phasor sum of the two
waveforms, it is also known as a bi-phase circuit. The spaces between each
half-wave developed by each diode are now being filled in by the other. The
average DC output voltage across the load resistor is now double that of the
single half-wave rectifier circuit and is about 0.637Vmax of the peak voltage
by assuming no losses. VMAX is the maximum peak value in one half of the
secondary winding and VRMS is the RMS value.
FULL WAVE RECTIFIER
WORKING OF FULL WAVE RECTIFIER
WORKING
 Working of Full Wave Rectifier
 The peak voltage of the output waveform is the same
as before for the half-wave rectifier provided each half
of the transformer windings have the same RMS
voltage. To obtain a different DC voltage output
different transformer ratios can be used. The
disadvantage of this type of rectifier circuit is that a
larger transformer for given power output is required
with two separate but identical secondary windings
makes this type of full-wave rectifying circuit costly
compared to the FW Bridge Rectifier circuit.
WORKING
 This circuit gives an overview of the working of a full-wave rectifier. A circuit
that produces the same output waveform as the full-wave rectifier circuit is
that of the Full Wave Bridge Rectifier. A single-phase rectifier uses four
individual rectifying diodes connected in a closed-loop bridge configuration
to produce the desired output wave. The advantage of this bridge circuit is
that it does not require a special center-tapped transformer, so it reduces its
size and cost. The single secondary winding is connected to one side of the
diode bridge network and the load to the other side.
 The four diodes labeled D1 to D4 are arranged in series pairs with only two
diodes conducting current during each half-cycle duration. When the
positive half cycle of the supply goes, D1, D2 diodes conduct in a series while
diodes D3 and D4 are reverse biased and the current flows through the load.
During the negative half-cycle, D3 and D4 diodes conduct in a series, and
diodes D1 and D2 switch off as they are now reverse-biased configuration.
WORKING

 Current flowing through the load is the unidirectional

mode and the voltage developed across the load is also
unidirectional voltage, same as for the previous two
diodes full-wave rectifier model. Therefore the average
DC voltage across the load is 0.637V. During each half-
cycle, the current flows through two diodes instead of
just one diode, so the amplitude of the output voltage is
two voltage drops 1.4V less than the input VMAX
amplitude, ripple frequency is now twice the supply
frequency 100Hz for a 50Hz supply or 120Hz for a 60Hz
supply.
TYPES
 Types of Full Wave Rectifier
 These are available in two forms namely center

tapped full wave rectifier and bridge rectifier circuit.

Each type of full-wave rectifier includes its own
features so these are used in different applications.
 Center Tap Full Wave Rectifier
 Full-Wave Bridge Rectifier
ADVANTAGE
 Advantages
 The advantages of a full-wave rectifier include the following.
 As compared with the half-wave, this circuit has more efficiency
 This circuit uses both the cycles, so there is no loss within the o/p power.
 As compared with a half-wave rectifier, the ripple factor of this rectifier is less
 Once both the cycles employed in rectification then there is not lost within the i/p voltage
signal
 You can use four individual power diodes to make a full-wave bridge, readymade bridge
rectifier components are available off-the-shelf in a range of different voltage and current
sizes that can be soldered directly into a PCB circuit board or be connected by spade
connectors.
 The full-wave bridge gives us a greater mean DC value with less superimposed ripple while
the output waveform is twice that of the frequency of the input supply. Therefore increase its
average DC output level even higher by connecting a suitable smoothing capacitor across the
output of the bridge circuit.
 The advantages of a full-wave bridge rectifier are that it has a smaller AC ripple value for a
given load and a smaller reservoir or smoothing capacitor than an equivalent half-wave
circuit. The fundamental frequency of the ripple voltage is twice that of the AC supply
frequency 100Hz where for the half-wave it is exactly equal to the supply frequency 50Hz.
DISADVANTAGE
 Disadvantages
 The disadvantages of a full-wave rectifier include the following.
 It uses four diodes to design the circuit
 This circuit is not used whenever a small voltage is necessary to be
corrected because the connection of two diodes can be done in series
& provides a double voltage drop because of their inside resistance.
 As compared with the half-wave, it is complicated.
 The peak inverse voltage of the diode is high, so these are larger and
costlier.
 This rectifier is complex to place the center tap over the minor
winding.
 The DC o/p is little because each diode uses simply one-half of the
secondary voltages of the transformer.
APPLICATION
 Applications
 The applications of a full-wave rectifier include the following.
 This kind of rectifier is mainly used for identifying the amplitude of
the modulating radio signal.
 In electric welding, polarized DC voltage can be supplied through a
bridge rectifier
 The bridge rectifier circuit is used in a power supply circuit for
different applications because it can convert the voltage from high AC
to low DC.
 These rectifiers are used to provide the power supply to the devices
which function with DC voltage similar to LED and Motor.
 Thus, this is all about an overview of a full-wave rectifier, circuit,
working, characteristics, advantages, disadvantages, and its
applications.