Experiment No:- 7

BINARY FREQUENCY SHIFT KEYING

AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT

f
Generation and detection of Binary Frequency Shift Keying modulation/technique

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

SINo Equipment Required Specification Quantity

l. BFSK Trainer Kit Scientech 2156 and 1

2157

~- CRO &Probes (0-30)MHz 1

L, . Patching cords ----------- IAs required

THEORY

Frequency-shift keying (FSK) is a frequency modulation scheme in which digital

information is transmitted through discrete :frequency changes of a carrier wave. The
simplest FSK is binary FSK (BFSK). BFSK uses a pair ofdiscrete frequencies to
transmit binary.(Os and 1s) information. With this scheme, the "l" is called the mark
:frequency and the "O" is called the space frequency.

In binary FSK system, symbol" 1 & 0 are distinguished from each other by
transmitting one of.the two sinusoidal waves that differ in frequency by a fixed
amount.

Si (t) = ✓2E/Tb cos 21tfl t 0:S t sfb

0 elsewhere

Where i=1, 2 &Eb=Transmitted energy/bit

Transmitted freq= Ji= (nc+i)/Tb, and n = constant (integer), Tb = bit interval

Symbol 1 is represented by S 1 (t)

Symbol O is represented by SO (t)

BFSK Transmitter

Binai~· ,ran~
iOu-C>ff !:-igunliug
'"' \
Fo1rnl ___.
~
Im·ener j-i FS1' !:-igual

0 -----'
t
form, with symb ol I
The input binary sequence is represented in its ON-O FF
ented by zero volts.
represented by constant amplitude of ✓Eb with & symbol O repres
that when symb ol lis
By using inverter in the lower channel, we in effect make sure
intege r multi ples of the
at the input, The two frequency fl & f2 are chosen to be equal
we get BFSK signal.
bit rate I/Th. By summing the upper & lower channel outputs,

0 0

Inverted
Doto
,.,

ASK Signal 1 - -- -
..
i '
.i .
,I .
·'.

•• "t 1', '1 . t l ' I

.I ; .~ t"1

FSK MOdulated
01 1
_i ,!r
•· -:-.-:'+ -r-
r,-.... ; . . (+'i_-+i'-;,\:r-'---'--,---,--,),o-'-_,l:,..., \:-+
-:---',---'-.·.-:·rt\_.i.•\...:. i
-'--

•~ I I I ) I : ~~ I ~ I I I 1: ,' : ;• i I !

Signal ·,} ',_.' :,: ; . : ,J V :j 'i _. :'•J ',.,'

.
'
I BFSK modulated waveforms

BFSK receiver

-~
.r " ) - •
I Tb.fclt xl

1-
y -
0 x = :-: 1-x.2
C 1 ti) f D-eci;. i011
De,·1c-e
FS1'. ;.1gn.i I
dwo-, ~ · l · ii x ll

(0
C: (t)t ·I
11,fdt

x .2 cho1.,-;e ·tr ifx · I)

which are supplied with

The receiver consists of two correlators with common inputs
The correlator outputs
locally generated coherent reference signals cl(t) and c2 (t).
ence x is compared with
are then subtracted one from the other, and the resulting differ
r of symbol 1 and if x
a threshold of zero volts. If x >O, the receiver decides in favou
<O, the receiver decides in favour of symbol 0.

Connection Diagram

Procedure for BFSK modulation and demodulation

and connect the power supply

1. Make the connections as shown in the above figure

of Scientech 2156 and Scientech 2157 .

2. Switch 'ON' the powe r.

 3. On Scientech 2156, connect oscilloscope CHl to 1.6MHz sine and CH2 to 960KHz

Sine and q_bserve_the -carrier waveforms.

4. On Scientech 2156, connect oscilloscope CHl to ' NRZ (L)' and CH2 to 'Output' of

Summing Amplifier on Scientech 2156 and observe the waveforms.

5. Vary the gain potentiometer of modulator circuits on Scientech 2156 to adjust the

amplitude of FSK Waveform .

6. On Scientech 2156, connect oscilloscope CHl to 'NRZ (L)' and CH2 to 'Output' of FSK

Demodulator, LP.F & Comparator on Scientech .2157 sequentially and observe the

waveforms of every stage.

Waveforms obtained from CRO

Da~J
t Clock
W7JlJlJU1f1JlJ1J1JlJlJlJlJlJL
_c- 1._
r·· --l r·1.·~-.r-;1..r ·- ·-1___1 · · 1_.. ..
►

Carrier
~ :;:sona11

ASK
Signal i

FSK
~ ~nal ►

Loi'/ P~ss
' Filter Output ►

Da1a Oul:Jul
at Corn:.,3ra ~or
J u·. LJ . LJ ·-LJ -.·u -·L .
---- •

Waveforms ofBFSK modulation an~ emodu.lation

'-.

Result
Binary FSK modulation and demodulation is studied and waveforms are observed.