MATHEMATICS

QUARTER 1
MODULE 1
TO BE SUBMITTED ON: September 5, 2022

STUDENT’S NAME: ____________________________________

PARENT’S NAME: _____________________________________
CONTACT NUMBER: ___________________________________
LRN: ______________________________________________

PREPARED BY:
ANGELI V. PADILLA
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DANCALAN PRIVATE ACADEMY, INC. PROPERTY
 NUMBERS AND NUMBER SETS
CONTENT STANDARDS
The learner demonstrates understanding of key concepts of sets and the real
number system.
PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
The learner is able to formulate challenging situations involving sets and real
numbers and solve these in a variety of strategies.

MELCS
1. Illustrates well-defined sets, subsets, universal sets, null sets, cardinality of sets,
union and intersection of sets and the different of two sets. (MELC’S)
2. Solves problem involving sets with the use of Venn Diagram. (MELC’S)

OBJECTIVES
A. Define well-defined sets, subsets, universal sets, null set, and cardinality of
sets.
B. Illustrate the union and intersection sets and the difference of two sets.
C. Use Venn Diagram to present set, subsets, and set operations.

INTRODUCTION

https://www.abc.nt.au/news/2016-10-02/imelda-marcos-shoe-museum:-the-excess-of-a-regime/7877098

In mathematics, a set is a term that describes the collection of distinct objects or

items that have something in common. Thus, a set is a “well-defined” collection of
district objects. The individual objects in a set are called members or elements.
Well-defined means that the elements of a set can be easily identified because of
their similar characteristics.
For example, the collection of rainbow colors is well-defined since you can readily
identify the elements that belong to it: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet.
However, the collection of favorite colors is not well-defined, since the elements vary
depending on people’s preferences.

Meaning of unfamiliar words

a sign (such as …), the omission of one or more words that are
Ellipsis obviously understood.
Finite Having limits or bounds
Infinite Limitless or endless. Impossible to measure or calculate
Cardinality Number of elements in a set or in given mathematical set
Null Associated with the value zero. Having no elements

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CONTENT
LESSON

1 SETS

Sets → The groups are called sets. Set may be thought as a collection of objects.
Example:

A set of mountains A set of books A set of buildings

WELL – DEFINED SET

In mathematics, set is a well-defined group or collection of objects that share common
characteristics. The objects contained in the set are called elements.
Elements → are the objects belonging to a set. A set be named using capital letters like
A, B, C, D, … Z and we use braces { } to group the elements of set separated by commas.
For example, the four-piece dinner set A = {dinner plate, salad plate, bowl, cup}.
If a set contains many elements, we often use three dots, …, called ellipsis.

Pop – up!

• The symbol ∈ means “is an element of.”

• The symbol ∉ means “is not an element of.”

• Note: In listing the elements of the sets, each distinct elements are listed once and
the order of the elements does not matter
Example of well-defined sets
1. The set of primary colors 2. The set of all multiples of 5.
M = {𝑟𝑒𝑑, 𝑦𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤, 𝑏𝑙𝑢𝑒} Y = {5, 10, 15, 20, … }

3. The set of all even numbers. 4. The set of letters in the word
E = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, … } “arrange”
O = {𝑎, 𝑟, 𝑛, 𝑔, 𝑒}

Example of not well-defined sets

1. The set of famous dancers.
2. The set of punctual students in your class.
3. The set of honest people.

• Note: The sets given above are not well-defined since people will have different
point of views on famous dancers, punctual students and honest people.

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 LESSON Subsets, Universal Sets, Null Sets and
2 Cardinality of Sets

UNIVERSAL SET

The universe set U is the set that contains all objects under consideration.
Examples:
1. Set U contains the set of whole numbers.
U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, … }

2. Set U contains the set of all letters of the English Alphabet.

U = {a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, p, q, r, s, t, u, v, w, x, y, z}

3. Set U contains the set of days of the week.

U = {𝑆𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑦, 𝑀𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑦, 𝑇𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑑𝑎𝑦, 𝑊𝑒𝑑𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑑𝑎𝑦, 𝑇ℎ𝑢𝑟𝑠𝑑𝑎𝑦, 𝐹𝑟𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑦, 𝑆𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑑𝑎𝑦}

SUBSETS

Given any two sets A and B, if every element in A is also an element in B, then A is a
subset of B. The symbol "𝐀 ⊆ 𝐁" is read A is a subset of B.

• Note: Every set is a subset of itself and empty set is also a subset of every set.

Example:
1. R = {1, 2}

The possible subsets are;

Two Elements One Element Zero Element
{1, 2} {1} { } or ∅
{2}

2. O = {𝑟𝑒𝑑, 𝑏𝑙𝑢𝑒, 𝑦𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤}

The possible subsets of O are;

Three Elements Two Element One Element Zero Element
{𝑟𝑒𝑑, 𝑏𝑙𝑢𝑒, 𝑦𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤} {𝑟𝑒𝑑, 𝑏𝑙𝑢𝑒} {𝑟𝑒𝑑} { } or ∅
{𝑟𝑒𝑑, 𝑦𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 } {𝑏𝑙𝑢𝑒}
{𝑏𝑙𝑢𝑒, 𝑦𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤} {𝑦𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤}

3. S = {3, 6, 9, 12}

The possible subsets of S are;

Four Elements Three Two Element One Zero Element
Elements Element

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 {3, 6, 9, 12} {3, 6, 9} {3, 6} {3} { } or ∅
{3, 6, 12} {3, 9} {6}
{3, 9, 12} {3, 12} {9}
{6, 9, 12} {6, 9} {12}
{6, 12}
{9, 12}

4. E = {𝑚, 𝑎, 𝑡, ℎ}

The possible subsets of E are;

Four Elements Three Two Element One Zero Element
Elements Element
{𝑚, 𝑎, 𝑡, ℎ} {𝑚, 𝑎, 𝑡} {𝑚, 𝑎} {𝑚} { } or ∅
{𝑚, 𝑎, ℎ} {𝑚, 𝑡 } {𝑎}
{𝑚, 𝑡, ℎ} {𝑚, ℎ} {𝑡}
{𝑎, 𝑡, ℎ} {𝑎, 𝑡 } {ℎ}
{𝑎, ℎ}
{𝑡, ℎ}

NULL SET

A set with no element is an empty set or null set. The symbol for empty set is { } or ∅.

Example:
1. Set T is the set of counting numbers between 1 and 2.
T = { } or T = ∅

2. Set I is the set of months with 35 days.

I = { } or I = ∅

3. Set M is the set of cars with 60 doors.

M = { } or M = ∅

4. Set E is the set of flying castles.

E = { } or E = ∅

CARDINALITY OF SETS

The cardinal number of set A, denoted by 𝑛(𝐴), is the number of elements in set A.
Thus, in 𝐴 = {1, 3, 5, 7}, 𝑛(𝐴) = 4 because set A contains 4 elements/

Examples:

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Find the cardinality of the following sets.

1. Set D is the set of vowels in English alphabet.

Solution: 𝐷 = {𝑎, 𝑒, 𝑖, 𝑜, 𝑢 }
Answer: 𝑛 (𝐷) = 𝟓

2. Set R is the set of letters in the word “difficulty”.

Solution: 𝑅 = {𝑑, 𝑖, 𝑓, 𝑐, 𝑢, 𝑙, 𝑡, 𝑦}
Answer: 𝑛 (𝑅 ) = 𝟖

3. Set M is the set of odd numbers between and 3.

Solution: M = { } or M = ∅
Answer: 𝑛 (𝑀 ) = 𝟎

4. Set E is the set of letters in the word “survivor”.

Solution: E = {𝑠, 𝑢, 𝑟, 𝑣, 𝑖, 𝑜}
Answer: 𝑛 (𝐸 ) = 𝟔

5. Set K is the set of counting numbers less than 5.

Solution: K = {1, 2, 3, 4}
Answer: 𝑛 (𝐸 ) = 𝟒

COMPLEMENT OF A SET

The complement of A (also called the absolute complement of A), written as 𝐴𝑐 , is the set
whose elements are in U but not in A.
Using the rule method, 𝐴𝑐 is represented as

𝐴𝑐 = {x ∈ U | x ∉ A}.
Example 1
If U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10} and A = {1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 10}, find 𝐴𝑐 .
Solution
The complement of A is the set of elements in U that are not in A. Thus,

𝐴𝑐 = {4, 5, 7, 8}.

Example 2
Let U be the set of all letters in the English alphabet, and let B be the set of all
vowels, that is,

B = {a, e, i, o, u}.
What is 𝐵 ? What is its cardinality?
𝑐

Solution
The set 𝐵𝑐 is the set of all consonants in English alphabet, that is,

𝐵𝑐 = {b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, q, r, s, t, v, w, x, y, z}.

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The cardinality of 𝐵𝑐 is 21.

OPERATION OF SETS
NAME SYMBOL DEFINITION
Is the set containing all elements that are
Union ∪ in A or in B.
The set that consists of all elements that
Intersection ∩ are both in A and B.
Difference − Is a set of elements in A that are not in B.

UNION OF SETS

The union of sets A and B, written as A ∪ B, is the set of elements that are members of
A, or members of B, or members of both A and B.

Example.

1. If A = {1, 2, 3} and B = {1, 2, 4, 5, 6},

then A ∪ B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}

2. If A = {𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑑, 𝑒} and B = {a, e, i, o, u},

then A ∪ B = {a, b, c, d, e, i, o, u}

3. If A = {𝑀𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑦, 𝑇𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑑𝑎𝑦, 𝑊𝑒𝑑𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑑𝑎𝑦, 𝑇ℎ𝑢𝑟𝑠𝑑𝑎𝑦, 𝐹𝑟𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑦} and B =

{Saturday, Sunday},then A ∪ B = {𝑀𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑦, 𝑇𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑑𝑎𝑦, 𝑊𝑒𝑑𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑑𝑎𝑦, 𝑇ℎ𝑢𝑟𝑠𝑑𝑎𝑦,
𝐹𝑟𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑦, Saturday, Sunday}

INTERSECTION OF SETS

The intersection of two sets A and B, written as A ∩ B, is the set of all elements common
to both sets A and B.

Example:

1. If A = {1, 2, 3} and B = {1, 2, 4, 5, 6},

then A ∩ B = {1, 2}

2. If A = {𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑑, 𝑒} and B = {a, e, i, o, u},

then A ∩ B = {a, e}

3. If A = {𝑀𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑦, 𝑇𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑑𝑎𝑦, 𝑊𝑒𝑑𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑑𝑎𝑦, 𝑇ℎ𝑢𝑟𝑠𝑑𝑎𝑦, 𝐹𝑟𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑦} and B =

{Saturday, Sunday},
then A ∩ B = { } or ∅

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DIFFERENCE OF TWO SETS

The difference of set A and B, written as A − B, is a set of elements in A that are not in
B.

Example:

1. If A = {1, 2, 3} and B = {1, 2, 4, 5, 6},

then A − B = {3} while B − A = {4, 5, 6}.

2. If A = {𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑑, 𝑒} and B = {a, e, i, o, u},

then A − B = {b, c, d} while B − A = {i, o, u}.

3. If A = {𝑀𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑦, 𝑇𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑑𝑎𝑦, 𝑊𝑒𝑑𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑑𝑎𝑦, 𝑇ℎ𝑢𝑟𝑠𝑑𝑎𝑦, 𝐹𝑟𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑦} and B =

{Saturday, Sunday},
then A − B = {𝑀𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑦, 𝑇𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑑𝑎𝑦, 𝑊𝑒𝑑𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑑𝑎𝑦, 𝑇ℎ𝑢𝑟𝑠𝑑𝑎𝑦, 𝐹𝑟𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑦} while
B − A = {Saturday, Sunday}.

LESSON

3 Problems Involving Sets

Venn diagram is a principal way of showing sets diagrammatically. This method

consists primarily of entering the elements of a set into a circle or circles. It can be used
to solve word problems involving union and intersection of sets.

In solving set operations using the Venn diagram, the following are the steps to be
followed:

Step 1. Determine what is given and what are being asked.

Step 2. Illustrate using the Venn diagram.
Step 3. Determine what operations to be used.
Step 4. Use the operations.
Step 5. Answer the questions being asked.

Here are some worked out examples:

Example 1.

Let A and B be two finite sets such that n(A) = 20, n(B) = 28 and n(A ∪ B) = 36.
Find n(A ∩ B).

Solution:

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 Step 1. Determine what is given and what are being asked.

Given:
n(A) = 20
n(B) = 28
n(A ∪ B) = 36

Asked:
Find n(A ∩ B).

Step 2. Illustrate using the Venn diagram if possible.

The Venn diagram is shown below

Step 3. Determine what operations to be used.

Using the formula n(A ∪ B) = n(A) + n(B) − n(A ∩ B).

then,
n(A ∩ B) = n(A) + n(B) − n(A ∪ B)
n(A ∩ B) = 20 + 28 − 36
n(A ∩ B) = 48 − 36
n(A ∩ B) = 12

Step 4. Use the operations.

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 Step 5. Answer the questions being asked.

Find n(A ∩ B) = 𝟏𝟐

Example 2.

In a Junior High School, 200 students were randomly selected. 140 liked tea, 120 liked
coffee and 80 liked both tea and coffee.

a. How many students liked only tea?

b. How many students liked only coffee?
c. How many students liked neither tea or coffee?

Solution:

Step 1. Determine what is given and what are being asked.

Given:
200 Junior High School students who were randomly selected.
140 students who liked tea
120 students who liked coffee
80 students who liked both tea and coffee
Asked:
a. How many students liked only tea?
b. How many students liked only coffee?
c. How many students liked neither tea or coffee?

Step 2. Illustrate using the Venn diagram if possible.

Let T = set of students who like only tea
C = set of students who liked only coffee
X = set of students who liked neither tea nor coffee

The Venn diagram is shown below

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 Step 3. Determine what operations to be used.

Step 4. Use the operations.

The number of elements in each region is shown below.

Step 5. Answer the questions being asked.

a. How many students liked only tea?
Answer: 60 students
b. How many students liked only coffee?
Answer: 40 students
c. How many students liked neither tea or coffee?
Answer: 20 students

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Example 3:
A group of 50 students went for a tour in South Cotabato province. Out of 50
students, 24 joined the trip in Lake Sebu for a zipline experience, 18 went to the flower
farm in Tupi, 20 went to Si-ok falls in Koronadal City, 12 joined the trip to Lake Sebu
and Tupi, 15 went to Tupi and Si-ok falls and 11 made a trip to Lake Sebu and Si-ok
falls and 10 visited the three tourist’s spots.
a. How many of the students went to Lake Sebu only?
b. How many of the students went to Tupi only?
c. How many joined the Si-ok trip in Koronadal City only?
d. How many did not go to any of the tourist’s spots?

Solution:
Step 1. Determine what is given and what are being asked.

Given:
50 students went for a tour
24 students who visited Lake Sebu
18 students who went to Tupi
20 students who went to Koronadal City
12 students who joined the trip to Lake Sebu and Tupi
15 students who went to Tupi and Koronadal City
11 stduents who went to Lake Sebu and Koronadal City
10 students who visited the three tourist spots?

Asked:
a. How many of the students went to Lake Sebu only?
b. How many of the students went to Tupi only?
c. How many joined the Si-ok trip in Koronadal City only?
d. How many did not go to any of the tourist spots?

Step 2. Illustrate using the Venn diagram if possible.

We will let,
LKT = number of students who visited the TREE tourist spots
L = number of students who visited Lake Sebu only
T = number of students who went to Tupi only
K = number of students who went to Koronadal City only
LT = number of students who joined the trip to Lake Sebu and Tupi only
TK = number of students who went to Tupi and Koronadal City only
LK = number of students who went to Lake Sebu and Koronadal City only
N = number of students who DID NOT see any of the THREE tourist spots

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Step 3. Determine what operations to be used.

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Step 4. Use the operations.

Step 5. Answer the questions being asked.

a. How many of the students went to Lake Sebu only?
Answer: 11 students
b. How many of the students went to Tupi only?
Answer: 1 student
c. How many joined the Si-ok trip in Koronadal City only?
Answer: 4 students
d. How many did not go to any of the tourist spots?
Answer: 16 students

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SELF – ASSESSMENT

GENERAL INSTRUCTION: Read and analyze each statement. Provide another sheet of
paper for your answers. All scratch paper of your solving must be pass.

Activity 1: MULTIPLE CHOICE: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen
letter on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following is a well-defined set?
A. A set of beautiful sceneries C. A set of Philippine Presidents
B. A set of good basketball players D. A set of successful leaders.

2. List all the letters in the word “school”.

A. {𝑠, 𝑐, ℎ, 𝑜, 𝑜, 𝑙 } C. {𝑠, ℎ, 𝑜, 𝑜, 𝑙 }
B. {𝑠, 𝑐, ℎ, 𝑜, 𝑙 } D. {𝑠, 𝑐, 𝑜, 𝑙 }

3. Which of the following is the symbol of an empty set?

A. ∩ B. ∪ C. ⊆ D. ∅

4. Which of the following is the subset of A = {1, 2, 3}?

A. {0} B. {0, 1} C. {1, 2} D. {2, 3, 4}

5. Which of the following set has the cardinality equals to 5?

A. Set A is the set of counting numbers less than 5.
B. Set B is the set of letters in the word “RACER”
C. Set C is the set of positive multiple of 5.
D. Set d is the set of names of the fingers.

6. Given X = {𝑏𝑢𝑠, 𝑗𝑒𝑒𝑝𝑛𝑒𝑦, 𝑡𝑎𝑥𝑖, 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒} and Y = {𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒}, find the difference of
Y and X.
A. {𝑏𝑢𝑠, 𝑗𝑒𝑒𝑝𝑛𝑒𝑦, 𝑡𝑎𝑥𝑖, 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒} C. {𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒 }
B. {𝑏𝑢𝑠, 𝑗𝑒𝑒𝑝𝑛𝑒𝑦, 𝑡𝑎𝑥𝑖} D. { }

For numbers 7 – 9, use the following:

A = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4} B = {3, 5, 7, 8} C = {0, 2, 6, 8}

7. Find A ∪ B.
A. {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9} C. {3}
B. {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8} D. {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 3, 5, 7, 8}

8. Find B ∩ C.
A. {0, 2, 3} B. {0, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8} C. {8} D. { }

9. Find A − C.
A. {0, 1, 2, 4} B. {1, 3, 4} C. {3} D. { }
10. The following are subsets of U = {5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45. 50}, EXCEPT?
A. {10, 20, 30, 50} C. {5, 10, 25}
B. {5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 37, 40} D. { }

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For numbers 11 – 15, refer to the diagram at the
right.

11. How many students had taken Math only?

A. 60 C. 24
B. 22 D. 14

12. How many students had taken both Science

and English?
A. 12 B. 12 C. 22 D. 8

13. How many students had taken all three subjects?

A. 14 B. 12 C. 8 D. 48
Activity 2: TRUE or FALSE
Directions: Given the sets below, write true if the statement is correct and false if it is
wrong. Write your answer on your answer sheets.
S = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10} V = {5, 10, 15, 20, 25}
O = {d, a, y} I = {r, o, s, e}
L = {3, 6, 9, 12} N = {𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠, 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚, 𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑠, 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟𝑠, 𝑓𝑟𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑠}
𝐺 = {𝑀𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑦, 𝑉𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠, 𝑀𝑎𝑟𝑠, 𝐽𝑢𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟, 𝑆𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛, 𝑈𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑢𝑠, 𝑁𝑒𝑝𝑡𝑢𝑛𝑒 }

1. The cardinality of Set G is 8.

2. {5, 15, 25} is a subset of Set V.
3. The cardinality if Set I is 10.
4. One of the subsets of Set N and Set G is a ∅.
5. The number of elements in Set N is 5.

Activity 3: FILL IN THE BLANK.

Directions: Choose your answer from the box thar best completes the statements below.
Write your answer on your answer sheets.
Universal set Subset Cardinality of set
Null set { } 𝒐𝒓 ∅ Union of set

1. A set with no element is an empty set or _________________.

2. The number of elements in the set refers to ______________.
3. The ________________ 𝑈 is the set that contains all objects under consideration.
4. If every subset in A is also an element in B, then A is a _______________ of B.
5. The symbol for empty set or null set is _______________.

REFERENCES:
MAT7_Q1_W1,pdf (https://znnhs.zdnorte.net/wp-
content/uploads/2020/10/MAT7_Q1_W1.pdf)
MAT7_Q1_W2,pdf
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