OBJECTIVE

At the end of the lesson, the

students should be able to
describe well-defined sets, null
sets, and cardinality of sets.
LESSON 1:
ACTIVITY
TIME
What is a set?
A set is a collection of
well-defined objects that
share the same
characteristics.
For example,
Name each group or collection of objects shown?

SETS OF SPORTS BALLS SETS OF LABORATORY SETS OF CARPENTRY

EQUIPMENT TOOLS
ELEMENT or MEMBER
- each object in the set
- the symbol of element is ∈
read as, "is an element of"
- the symbol ∈ read as, "is not an element of"
Examples:
1. K = {pencil, paper, eraser, crayons, marker}

Therefore, pencil ∈ K ruler ∈ K

2. N = {piano, drum, violin, xylophone}

Therefore, violin ∈ N microphone ∈ N

WAYS OF WRITING A SET
1. Roster Notation or Tabular Form
-listing all the elements of the set
separated by commas and
enclosed by braces.
Examples:
1. A = {planets}
Answer: A = {Mercury, Venus, Mars, Earth,
Jupiter, Saturn, Neptune, Uranus}
2. B = {weekdays} Answer: B = {Monday, Tuesday,
Wednesday, Thursday, Friday}
3. C = {consonant letters in the word “book”}
Answer: C = {b, k}
2. Set-Builder Notation or Rule Form
-describing the elements of a set as one.
Examples:
1. set A = {Emilio Aguinaldo, Ferdinand Marcos,
Rodrigo Duterte}
Answer: set A = {president of the Philippines}
2. set B = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16,…}
Answer: set B = {even numbers}
3. set C = {yellow, blue, red}
Answer: set C = {primary colors}
4. set D = {Daisy, Lavender, Tulip, Rose}
Answer: set D = {flowers}
TRY THIS!
A.Write the following sets using the roster method.
1. E = {secondary colors}
2. F = {municipalities in Bataan}
3. G = {subjects in grade 7}
B. Write the following sets using the set-builder notation.
1. H = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13,…}
2. I = {tricycle, bus, jeep, taxi, train}
3. J = {dalandan, calamansi, orange, pomelo}
THE WELL-DEFINED SET
Write the following sets using the roster method.
1. K = {handsome boys in school} NOT WELL-DEFINED SET
2. L = {honest politicians} NOT WELL-DEFINED SET
3. M = {grade 7 teachers in your school} WELL-DEFINED SET
To consider a set to be well-defined , each
element of the set can be easily determined
if it belongs to the set or not.
TRY THIS!
Tell whether the following sets are well-defined or not.
1.A = {people in the Philippines} Well-defined
2.B = {loveable person in Bataan} NOT
3.C = {Catholic member in Samal} Well-defined
4.D = {generous students in SCSA} NOT
5.E = {beautiful daughter} NOT
CARDINALITY OF A SET
The cardinality of a set is the
number of element(s) in a set,
denoted by n(S), which is read as,
“the cardinality of S”, where S is the
given set.
CARDINALITY OF A SET
Examples,
Set Elements of the Set Cardinality of the Set
1. P = {distinct letters
in word “Mississippi”}
P = {m, i, s, p} n(P) = 4
2. M = {months that
start with the letter M} M = {March, May}
n(M) = 2
3. V = {vowels in the
V={} n(V) = 0
word “rhythm”}
EMPTY or NULL SET
If a set has no element or its cardinality is equal to
zero, then it is called an empty set or a null set. The
symbol used to denote an empty set is { } or Ø .

Examples:
1.H = {horses that fly} Ø
2.K = {months that have only 10 days} {}
3.S = {days start with the letter J} Ø or { }
Determine the cardinality of each set.

1. Z = {zodiac signs} n(Z) = 12 COUNTABLE

2. F = {fingers in one hand} n(F) = 5 COUNTABLE

3. C = {dwarfs of Cinderella} n(C) = 0 or { } or Ø COUNTABLE

4. G = {galaxies in the universe} NOT COUNTABLE

5. E = {even counting numbers} NOT COUNTABLE

FINITE and INFINITE SET
Finite sets are sets having no elements or
a countable number of elements.
Infinite sets are sets having an
uncountable number of elements.
FINITE and INFINITE SET
Examples of finite sets: Examples of infinite sets:

1.Z = {zodiac signs} 1.E = {even counting

2.F = {fingers in one hand} numbers}
3.C = {dwarfs of Cinderella} 2.W = {whole numbers}
3.R = {galaxies in the
universe}
For instance,

W = {whole numbers} W = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,…}

Ellipsis mean “the list

continues accordingly” Ellipsis
Claire’s collections:

Set of writing materials = {pen, pencil, marker, eraser}

Set of items in a beauty kit = {lipstick, blush on, eyeliner,
brush, perfume, mirror}

Fritz’s collections:

Set of drawing tools = {pencil, eraser, marker, pen}

Set of toys = {car, yo-yo, bicycle, kite, robot, ball}
 EQUAL SETS
Equal sets are sets having the same elements.

Claire’s collections: Fritz’s collections:

Set of writing materials = Set of drawing tools =

{pen, pencil, marker, eraser} {pencil, eraser, marker, pen}
 EQUIVALENT SETS
Equivalent sets are sets having the same number
elements or the cardinality of sets are equal.

Claire’s collections: Fritz’s collections:

Set of items in a beauty kit = Set of toys = {car, yo-yo,

{lipstick, blush on, eyeliner, bicycle, kite, robot, ball}
brush, perfume, mirror}
EQUIVALENT SETS
Some examples of equivalent sets :
1.The set of months in a year and the set of Chinese
zodiac signs.
2.The set of days in a week and the set of elected
kagawad officials.
3.The set of primary colors and the set of months that
start with the letter J.
Let’s do it!
A. On the blank before each statement, write whether the
statement is always true, sometimes true, or never true.
Justify your answer by giving at least two examples if
always true or sometimes true.

___________________ 1. All equals sets are equivalent sets.

Examples: __________ ___________
___________________ 2. Equivalent sets are equal sets.
Examples: __________ ___________
____________ 3. An empty set is an infinite set.
Examples: ___________ _____________
____________ 4. {Ø} is an empty set.
Examples: ___________ _____________
____________ 5. Zero is an element of { }.
Examples: ___________ _____________
Let’s do it!
B. Write the following sets using the roster method.
1. E = {months in a year}
2. F = {layers of the earth}
3. G = {main regions of the Philippines}
C. Write the following sets using the set-builder notation.
1. H = {5,10, 15, 20, 25, 30,…}
2. I = {Asia, Europe, America}
3. J = {Gabriel, Raphael, Michael}
Let’s do it!
D. Consider sets F and G below, and then answer the
succeeding items.
F = {prime numbers less than 11}
G = {odd numbers greater than 5}
Write ∈ or ∈ on the blank provided based on the given set.

1. 1 ______ F 4. 3 ______ G
2. 2 ______ F 5. 5 ______ G
3.11 ______ F
Think-pair-share
Using the sets below, write T if the statement is true. If
the statement is false, change the underlined symbol,
word, or phrase to make it correct. Write your answers
on the blanks.
H = {letters in the word humility}
R = {vowels in the word rhythm}
A = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
J = {2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13}
Think-pair-share
__________ 1. R = {r, h, y, t, h, m}
__________ 2. n(H) = 8
__________ 3. A = {whole numbers less than 6}
__________ 4. J = {odd numbers less than 14}
__________ 5. n(J) = 6
__________ 6. h ∈ R
__________ 7. 7 ∈ A
__________ 8. m ∈ H
__________ 9. n(A) = 5
__________ 10. n(R) = { }