Chapter 2

REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Related Literature

This section encompasses various literature and studies related to the

conducted research. The researchers have reviewed numerous literature and

studies concerning the impact of DepEd Order No. 49, Series of 2022, on the

reachers of San Jose City National High School - Senior High School. In

relation to this literature and research, various factors valued by our teachers

are considered. Through this, we will determine if there is an agreement or

discussions in place to abolish student-teacher interactions on social media

platforms, alternative communication channels are currently available for

students and teachers, and the effectivenesss of these alternative

communication methods in facilitating interaction between students and

teachers of the students of San Jose City National High School - Senior High

School.

Importance of Teacher-Student Interacions

Based on “The Importance of Student-Teacher Relationship” studied

by Coristine, S., Russo, S., Fitzmorris, R., Beninato, P., & Rivolta, G. (2022)

states that a positive relationship between the teacher and the student in

efforts to gain trust and respect from each other. students who share a

positive relationship with their teacher develop stronger social-emotional

skills. In addition, these students are more likely to absorb an increased

amount of academic knowledge.

 Based on "Teacher-Student Relationships: The Impact on High School

Students" studied by Shadrack Agyekum (2019) states that teacher-student

relationship has been in existence since time immemorial. Across the globe,

teachers are expected to relate with their students positively. Educators

create lifelong learners and learners’ goal cannot be achieved if there is

enmity between teachers and students

Alternative Communication

Based on "6 key school communication channels and how to use

them" blog by Steve Williams (2020) states that the importance of

understanding channels and how to use them are critical for effective

communication. The goal here is to communicate continuously and while

recognizing the purpose and limitations of each channel.

Based on "Student-Teacher Interaction on Facebook: What Students

Find Appropriate" studied by Berhane Teclehaimanot and Torey Hickman

(2011) indicates that this study helps to develop this understanding by

investigating how appropriate students find student-teacher interactions on

Facebook. The results indicate that students find passive behaviors more

appropriate than active behaviors with no difference depending on whether

students or teachers perform the behaviors.

Effectiveness of Alternative Communication Methods

According to Buffet and Shriver (2019), student-teacher relationships

are important in the short term because it creates a thriving classroom

environment, helps students develop self worth and improves student mental

health. In the same manner, these positive relationships may decrease

behavioral problems and promote academic success. Student-teacher

relationships assist students in the short term. These relationships support

students for the specific year they spend in that educational setting with the

educator.

Through the case study of PB Gablinske (2014), he found that the

essence of the strong teacher and student relationship resolves how it affects

the teaching and learning going on in a classroom. His case study provided

teacher-student relationship strategies that, when incorporated into a learning

environment, supports the value of knowing the hearts and minds of the

students. The purpose design of a teacher-student interactive learning

environment enhances the educational experience for students.

Conceptual Framework

INDEPENDENT VARIABLE DEPENDENT VARIABLE

 School Teachers on
Social Media
Interaction

 Alternative IMPACTS OF THE DEPED

c Communication ORDER NO. 49 SERIES OF
Channels 2022

 Effectiveness of
Communication

This conceptual framework is based on the paradigm utilizing

independent and dependent variables. Using independent variables, it

encompasses the aspects namely school teachers on social media

interaction, alternative communication channels,and effectiveness of

communication.

On the other hand, employing dependent variables, it outlines the

DepEd Order No. 49 Series of 2022. The results obtained will be utilized to

identify the relationship between the two issues symbolizing the boundary

between independent and dependent variables.

Research Hypotheses

1. Hypothesis for DepEd Order No. 49 and Stance of Teachers:

- Null Hypothesis (H0): The implementation of DepEd Order No. 49,

Series of 2022, has no significant influence on the stance of Senior

 High School teachers regarding the abolition of social media

interaction.

- Alternative Hypothesis (H1): The implementation of DepEd Order

No. 49, Series of 2022, significantly influences the stance of Senior

High School teachers, resulting in a higher proportion agreeing with the

abolition of social media interaction.

2. Hypothesis for DepEd Order No. 49 and Alternative Communication

Channels:

- Null Hypothesis (H0): The implementation of DepEd Order No. 49,

Series of 2022, does not lead to a significant shift in the use of

alternative communication channels by teachers and students.

- Alternative Hypothesis (H1): The implementation of DepEd Order

No. 49, Series of 2022, is associated with a significant change in the

use of alternative communication channels among Senior High School

teachers and students.

3. Hypothesis for Alternative Communication Channels and

Effectiveness:

- Null Hypothesis (H0): There is no significant relationship between

the choice of communication channels and their perceived

effectiveness among Senior High School teachers and students.

- Alternative Hypothesis (H1): The choice of communication channels

significantly influences their perceived effectiveness among Senior

High School teachers and students.

Definition of Terms

 Positive relationship

Refers to the communication between student-teachers and they take

effort and compromise from both people. This involves honesty, trust, and

respect for each other.

 Immemorial

An old form of communication method between students and teachers

that involves Physical contact with one another or meeting face-to-face.

 Enmity

Refers to a existing hatred between a student and their teacher,

negative interactions and lack of respect leading to disrupted learning

environments.

 Passive behaviors

It is an action when an individual tends to avoid initiative, express their

needs or opinions, or engage actively in situations.

 Active behaviors

Refer to direct engagement actions such as initiating discussions,

direct communication, participating in interactive activities, and providing

feedback in student-teacher interactions.

 Essence

The fundamental nature or core quality of a strong teacher-student

relationship. Key aspects that influence and contribute to the quality of

teaching and learning within a classroom setting.