ISECTION ONE : MULTIPLE Ofl0C£ (13 Marts)

Instruction: Orde the best Answer . Each question Is worth one mark

1. Which of the following variables can be considered as a discrete variable?

a. Disease diagnosis
b. Number of accidents last month
c. Weights at birth in grams.
d . Level of satisfaction

2. In a country of 10000 pe0ple, a sample of 144 people was selected and the average
Individual Income Is found 550 Omanl riyals. The sample standard devlal1on Is 150. The
standard error of the sample mean Is
a. 0.015
b. 1.04
c. 12.S
d. 1.5

3. The followtngs are true about probabilities exrept

a. Probablllty cannot be greater than l
b. Probability can be negative
c. II an event A cannot happen its probablllty Is 0
d. The sum of the probability of all simple events is 1
4. The manager of smoking control program would like to estimate the percentage of current
smoking. He selected 550 persons from a populanon of 3500 ~ e , and he found 105 of them
were smokers. The point estimate for the population proportion of smokers Is:
a. 0.157
b. o. 191
c. 0.030
d. 0.187

S. If a hypothesis test Is statlstlcally significant, this indicates:

a. The null hypothesis is rejected
b. The alternative hypothesis Is rejected
c. The null hypothesis Is accepted
d. None of the above

6. TO analyze the relationship between two categorical vorlable, we use

a. Chi-square test
b. Z•test
c. T-test
d. ANOVA (F-test)

Bioml fnl Jan 23, 2018 f'aFl ors

7. ThP. followings arc non-probabll ity sampling tcchnlq ues except
a. Cluster sampling
b. Convenience sampling
c. Judgmental sampling
d. Snowball sampling

8. If the dataset has no mode, thl!fl this means that

a. All data are different
b. Some data are similar
c. All data are similar
d. The mode is zero

9. Type-two error In hypothesis Is denoted by:

a. a
b. ll
c. 1-a
d. 1-ll

10. Independent varlible Is also call'ed

a. Respons-e v.artable
b. Outcome variable
c. Explanatory
d. None of the above

11. To use the t -table to test any hypothesis, you need to know
a. Degree of freedom
b. Significance level
c. Standard error
d. A and B

12. In a study, the correlatlon coefficient Is found as 0.85

a. Strong negative correlation
b. Strong positive correlation
c. No correlation
d. W~ak positive COffelatlon

13. The Education level (Elementary, Primary, Secondary, University and ;ibove) can be
graphkaliy shown using
a. Pie chart
b. Bar chart
c. Histogr;im
d.A and B

,· P,..eJofl
lliosW FiMI J111 B, 2011
~ CTIONlWO : MATOtlNGQUESTIONS - - -----
(UMali<s) J
14. Match the definitions In Column A with the relevant terms in column B with the definition.
. (6Marksl
Definitions Terms

l
-
A distribution used when dealing with binary varl.lble A ANOVA (F-Test)
A test used to compare means of two dependent ii,oups
2 B Olsettte variable
related to each nth<tr (such as pre and post)
3 A quantitative varl.lblc which Is countable C Nonn"I
4 fl test used to compare between more than two means 0 Nominal variable
s A qualitative variable with no order E Binomial
A distribution used when testing hypothesis about
6 F Paired t-test
continuous variable

15. Match the deRnltions In Column A with the rell!vant terms In column 8 with the
dcRnttion. 16 Marks\
Definitions Tenns

1. CharK1erlstics of a population A Type I error

2. Accepting the null hYl)othesls when It Is false 8 Correlation
3. Rejecting the null hypothesis when It is t rue. C Parameters
4. A statistkal method used for prediction 0 Statistic
s Characteristics of a sample E TYl)e II error
6 A relatlonshlp between two continuous varlables F Regression

biootatFtnol Jai 21, 2011

I
SECTION rv: STATISTICAL CALCULATION {33 Marks)

For questions 24-25 use the foU-ing table from a survey of 120 households by number of
chlldr.,., and urban/rural

Number of children Freauen"'

More than 8 children 40
6 to 8 children 25
3 to S children ss
24. What Is the probability that the household's number of children Is 6 children and more?
(3 Marks)

25. What the probablllty that the household's number of children is less than 3 children?
(3 Marks)

26. A Tl/ report indicated that the mean weight for men is 70 kg. A researcher believe-.s that this
Is not true. He selected 200 men and found the mean as BS kg with a standard deviation of 8.2
kg.

State the hypotheses and test the hypothesis at a significance level of 5%. (8 Marks)

(note:
z. : 1.645 , z.,, " 1.96 )

..
Page7ofl
lliO!llal fi11111Jan 2), 201 &

27. In a random sample of 6S0 Industrial acd<icnts, It was found that 470 were due to unsafe
working conditions. Construct a 9S" confidence Interval for the proportion.
(8 Marks)
(note: z.,,
= l.96 )
 Poce7ofll:
Biostll Final Jan 23, 2018

27. In a random S¥nple of 6S0 Industrial accidents, It was found that 470 were due to unsafe
working conditions. Construct a 95% confidence Interval for the proportion.
(8 Marks)
(note : z.,, • 1.% )

28. Complete the Following ANOVA table (8 Marks)

Source of Sum of the Degree of Mean of the F-test P•Value

Variation Sauare ISS) fTeedom (df) Square IMS\
Between A 3 8 D 0.01
Within 24SO 23 C
Total 5402 26

A:
8:
C:
D:

29. At a = 0.05, make your conduslon about the significance of the relationship. (3 Marks)

'•

· ·' · t .

Bioslltl Final Jan 23, 2011

I
SECTION THREE : SHORT ANSWERS QUESIONS (42 Marl<s)

16. What It Is the difference between Probabllltv ; ampling and Non-probability sampling?
(6 Marilsl

Probability Sampling Non-probability Sampling

17. The owner of a clothing company Is planning to consider a new policy for employees and
has started to collect data on the type of foot coverage worn and Injuries. tt was reported In
previous study that the average number of foot Injuries In those weilrlng open-toed shoes is 8.0
per year. The occupational health nurse In this company thinks this Is not true. She decldes to
make a survey about this.

What Is the null hypothesis and the alternative hypothesis? (6Mar1<s)

18. Give two examples of a quantltatlve variables and two of qualitative variables.
14 Marilsl
Quantitative varlablll$ Qualitative variables
I. I.

2. 2.

Biostat Final Ju 23, 2011

PICl'SoU
 19. What Is th<! difference be tween point cstlm~tlon and confidence Intervals estimation?
16 Marltsl
Point estimation Confidence Interval estimation

For questions, 20-23, Define the terms elven.

20. Multiple linear Regression (S Marks)

21. lnferent~I statistics (S Mall<s)

22. Sampling (S Marks)

23, C:Orrelation ,ooffl,11101 (S Marks)

Biostll Final JMJ 23, 2011 Page6 of8

ISECTION IV : STATISTICAL CALCULATION (33 Marks)

For questions 24-25 us;e the following table from• survey of 120 households by numbef of
rhllfl,..., and urban/rural
 l/ SECTION TWO: MATCHING QUESTIONS (12 Marks) I
14. M atch the definiti ons in c_o Iumn A w .oth the relevant t erms in column B with the definition.
(6 Marks)
Definitions Terms

1. A graph used to describe a ratio variable A Continuous variable

A method in which a set or number of things can be arranged
2. 8 Pie Chart
irrespective of order
A quantitatill'e variable which Is countable . . C Permutation
3.
.. . ... .. -
A method; n w hich a set or number of things can be arranged· Histogram
D
4.
w it h respect to oFCler . ... - .. .. . . -. .
5 -A quantitat ive variable which.is countless .. . . .. E. . . CombiAatlon

A graph used to describe a nominal variable . -- . ... F Discreet Variable

6

4 5 6
1 2 3

t) F c.
Co 15. MijtPJ the Q!!.flnitJons !o..Colu.m n A wit,h !he.~elevant terms in coJun:m..B with.ti]~ deflni!)_o(l.
·
.. -
(6 Marks) ...
- - . - -··· ... .. .. oeiinltions -- - . ·•·' ...
• rerms

Characteristics of a population A Correlation

1.
~ probab_l_e range i_n which a pop_u latlon p~_rameter w ill.fall . 8 Regression
2.
between two critical values
: A relationship where both events (A and B) occurred at same
, .. - - ... C . .earam et er . .. . ..
3. . . - - .. . ... . - ....., . .. ·-" -· ..
t1iiie ·
..' ... ..
·o . rritersectfon
4. , A moder used for 'p rediction .
... • - ·• . .. . ·-··-·- .. .. ,. ... ... ... . . . . . .- Confidence Interval
5 Characteristics of a sample E
estimate

6 A relationship between two or more variables F Statistics

.. . . -- . . -. .. - ..

1 .. 2 . . 3.. ... - - 4
.. . . ... - ..
s- .. . .. .
6
-
{ ... - E .
D .
-~ .. F ...
,
A- /
..

V
h
Page 4 of8
niosiat FiMI Jau 20 17
 (35 Marks)
[ sECTION IV :STATISTICAL CALCULATION
For questions 24-25 use the following table showing the number of ·s tudents by their marks of

biostatistics in two colleges To ra.t

Marks categorv MPtll~I
{ 20' .
College
Nursin11
30
-~~--.,
i./ r,
-,

Greater than 90 15
25
80-90 10
10 / ~(
Less than 80 g<
~<,'>
->r,.f4,,l (7 Maries)
24. What is the Proba
' b1hty
· · that the student's mark category is less than 80?
p0t>,,.bilil-~ ~ ~ i,,e11Cj z:.. '2.o + -~~l!J
<!JtfYIPle
s(K1te
tlO v
25. that
2Whatthethe probability
students that~the student's
Is from al collegem/rk category greatet!bao ~_Q, given (conditional)

r,aa,.i,
~
<i_o
r ""%~) '"'"b;liN,. "" '
o{('AJ,ier )
, .....,;~ ol Nal"•' ,s,Je,i 0 -,~
ff"h,. 111' ((}'of
(7 M k<I
,,:'1.cL , ,)"'
gt;:,J et?\ ha S <7J N!r<ler H""
c- •-i
UO -/Wln '}o 90 mar Ir.. I)

prohabi111:f
ofthJefr't ( Br81
9o)/ff
_
-
1,,,o( ?1° =I
(,
3J (!> · ~ -7 ~ •
,::;::.----- o
26. The mean weight of 200
8.2 l(g. Construct a 95% c::;~:nac:~:;~:~ ~eathrt
r estudy
~ l cy
. /~,Sof
meanIs 65 kg with a standard dev1at1on
·' (7 Marks)
(note : z·'
I -
-1 ·96 ) .~o
·~· ~
(t x . ,w'- l--··"
( ,\ __ ,.._ 1r=

_n -: ?,»c, >!)o ➔ l,(Sl° .J-+es:f ➔ 1-96 -Z. S?\'"

-\..c\4
-\.
/
L-
X = 6S k [J
S = 8-) kj

CI O.:t / ')(;
)( 0
CI ::=-6<; t t }(; t.~
c -r _- bS -r , )",,
v' o-S..rz;;.o.
7
Cl = G:; ± 1. iJ G
Bioslat f inal Jon :o 17
l'llltc 7 ors
 ( 40 Mark;f - J
ISECTION THREE : SHORT ANSWERS QUESlONS
. tin and duster sampling?
(5 Marks)
16. What It Is the difference between Stratified samp g
Cluster Sampllng
Stratified Sampling
ii prob" I,, \,,,i11
,.s meJ \.,o s,ime d,·11,•c;j,j
LJl-iic.h vie o'.e ro1,1.ps. 1},e/l W.!!
~ ,11 I-() 9 i11dade all e/eftlfn
pop..uc.f,'CJY1
gdecJ 9 pu. a11 d
of grou.p •d° 9 "'° j ·
~,c SQ-~ 8 v:p '
17. The owner of a clothing company Is planning to consider a new policy for employees and has
started to collect data on the type of f oot coverage worn and injuries. It was reported in
previous study that the average number of foot Injuries in those wearing open-toed shoes is
8.0 per year. The occupational health nurse in this company thinks this is not true. She
decides t o make a survey about this.

,.\,J
ij
What is the null hVJ>Othesls and the alternative hypothesis? (5 Marks)
5
•JI((,ult,(
1◄
(/
, . , I o1.,:-,l l,
vf~
18. Give the names of two m easures of central tendency and two measures of variability?

Measures Central Tendency

(S Marks)
Measu= of Variabillty
5
I. I.
Me"'n VtJ.r,'an ce
/ r
-----
2. V 2.
11e.dian 51.., 11 d" rel clev,;,h·d>1-
t· f',Jc-,c/('
I. f,1v ijc:
.

r__,
,·
,r

8iostat l-inaJJan2017 Pages or s

 The ••am paper Is composed of four sections. You should h•ve a pages Including this page
I sEc:noN ON E: MULTIPLE_~HIoce
(13 Marks) .

Instruction: Circle ttie best Answer. Each question is worth one marks

1. Which of the following variables can l>e consi dered as a continuous variable?
a. Disease diagnosis
b. Number of accidents last month
(J) Weight$ at birth.
,,@ Temperature
t_/...2. ·- r,J
In a country of 10000 people, a sample
(\
of 144 people was sele cted and the average
- •• - ,N, , , _ .. ••• • • ·· - ' •
Individual income is found 550 Omani riyals. The sample standard d eviation is 150. The
standard error of the sample mean is r ,s,, , "s c , 1~
a. 0.015 -f,(- ~ - ; ··"- Y~
,£.. 1.04
/ 0 12.5
d. 1.5

Y 3. A samele spac.e in probabi lity means:

/\ A partial coffec:tlon of sample points ·· ·
A collection Df all sample points ln an experiment
c. An individual outcome of an experiment
d. A process that generates outcomes
n ~
4. A researcher selected 450 persons from a population of 2500 people, and he found 95 of
t hem .were.smokers. The point estimate for the population proportion of.smokers is:

A
0.211
' 0.18
I' -
0.038
d. none of the above
5. In a sample of 21 palients, the(degree g! ireedom~or t distribution is:
a. df= 22
b. df~ 23
Q d/ = 20 , ,,<c"-
d. d/= 21
- -,>'' ,·,- -~,')'');--
.....
. ,.,.,' >,., ~~

6. If a hypothesis test i(stati ~ !£ally not signifi cant) this indicates:

~ The null hypothesis Is rejected - -·
b'. The alternative hypothesis is rejected
c. The null hypothesis is accepted
d. The ;,lternative hypot hesis Is accepted

"8gc 2 ofS
 '

l' • •,r 1'"'"''

l'.lf./,~, ,- 11 "''
andom sample of 650 industrial accidents, it was found that 470 were due to un1<1fe
7 IO a r -
: · working co11dit1ons. A researcher would like to check whether this Is coMistent with the
claim that 65% of such accidents are due to unsafe working conditions

State the hypotheses and test the hypothesis at a significance level of 5%.

(note: z. ~ l.645 '•" = 1.96 )

•
\-lo · P = C> -6'>
\\\ : PI o· "'>
V
:. 0 1 J.
V d,c:ck
4P=3..~~
n 6\.0

~ c.I -= P!l -9b/PC.~-P) V cr ~ oTJtc·6'~ ,,,,,,.,-,

Cl ;:
1. r
0 •1 -
1.1b J oTt( t- • 1 1 )
, GSo
!J Cl-~ [ati6J 0 • 15 ~]
-
~•~,:~~.f .1"'~;~
• t<ed ~1,o t P~ c,rc:1,.-<11 ,~c ·
01

µct'\ w~ r ., ,~..t• ''"..,. 5

C..1. ::: 0 -12. t I· 96 ')( o. o I 1 {; c«i1,0 9nl d•' •o " {7 Marl.51
the mean and the median.
following dataset, calculate

See
D .
For \he
\25 I4 ~ 1_~0
p.o~J.\_
1.s~-~\~~·o.s__J.;3-___.1--;:;~--55__.
\. s '1
Mean:
t 2-S-t-3-+li
I· S t .l
6

Median
_ 2 _ 1s
'ls + 3
'.l
I ~
 19. Wh•I I, the dltferen<.- between point ~stlmaucm and confld ence intervals esttmatlon
_ _ _(S Mari<SI
;-, Point estimation - l Confidence Interval
• ~- ~-e ,-e'-'f- Snm ple --r;;- --1--,'-v-c sere cl St1t11-f It !-o
e&/,·,., c.~e pqic,,)e, I ,' 11"(1 drow <'en cl v.S•OI> llf?•\.J.X ,J""
(K t 11b...J- t"'I'
p,,.,ra meJer tu," {I e_..,, f.d.-" ic el11 1rn~d v-~ ~, -u,i-:(1,e rt.,.ill
o k r,,,rame~~r . 9,1, ,.,,,,,..., ·<LI
lnl er' v«l Ottd f'O"'' <' ~l imo :,IL a~,., ~c tp-,,;J-• .,, NJ
~he l-jp•lk•%1 .,,,.,..,_.
) ,Jr I •
I

[ J /
JI l
5
For que1tlons, 20-23, Define the terms give: , ,r,1./,i -;i,-. . l;w • ,. ,( l,n<•"
'- "J . , .....( ' " "
20. Correlatlon Coefficient'!- _...---, ~ · • (S Marks)
Ot.-So ih< :The A\$ 01,i,~h\!!1 ktu.iceo f c+Kl ~ S Llefiab/e
Ccn 4ia au

~ , v1.. 1·r~ .,~ s£C£0.9 ,-h and e,( ,IW i611 af

''<l
v c'.
(S Marks)
..... 21. Inferential statistics
f ' 1~
-~ IA'«trl rn
L it1 fceo <e ac fN.dOlllfl
QQPW41t'm 1Z1f'>mrJe,r .
I ' V
S'
22. Condition.ii probability
le! 2 ewo~ IJ lo be
, F, J~J11.,Jl,. .,,,
e,wJ 8 ar.-1 f1£1i-i' 8' ':d,,
·,_j,1,, f, ,
pcol:¥k1l1~
(5 Marks)
s
cf A f:1111"' e, (B., be (pt@:'IPd ) ,s f1ut1l lo io 1e,secf,·co be/MD
H1r bl), eyfn/s d,jJ,rflA 'ti prub,b,lil~ ~r ~vroi ~
/lf'C~"~' Ii I 1
is a:til<'(f ~ ·lt'on.al 5
23. Variajilc (5 Marks)
,s r/)1)r4c.ler~1,'c cf p€Cf If or tlu"JS :ff14t

----'c,..=a re Ji ! , ~ a1ic!_ar- For [Al~r, t.L;

o< ren l111ou. $ u,r;,,bl£ 5 K!(pec Hl"t lj

Utos:bl 11.. 11J&..'1 :!Vf 7 Pagt 6 ors

 , _, % wer that explains the relationship
~-\ lee! the best ans
'v/ 11 A= (6. ~ 9) and B= (1J 1j,.2} th en se
J- between events A and B?
a. Mutually exclusive ~
Ji_ Independent events.Ir
/ I&) Dependent events •
V d. No common values ,
8. The followings are probability sampling techniques except
a. Cluster sampling IJ.-1 , /1/(/
(D Convenience sampling ' n°'" pc- .) 1 -Y

, / c. Systematic sampling
V d. BandC

9. If the dataset has no mode, then this means that

(];> All data are different
~ - Some data are similar
V c_. All data are similar
d. None of the above

10. The significance level Is denoted by:

@a - -
/ b. 13
v c. 1-a
d. 1·13

11. When tossing three coins you get: k ,t

HHH, tJ!:!L f-!Tti HTT, m, ITH, J'HT,JHH 't>
What Is the probability that you get Two Heads and one Tail
✓ a. 0.125
@0.375
c. 0.5
d. 0.625

12. To use the z-table to test any hypothesis, you need to know
a. Degree of freedom only l,'{f, v ts
u l -.!,f.l
f. Significance level only I . <\f.. \._,S , --·
Z
_/
[;7's.__
& Standard error
A and B

> 'r~)
study, the corre\ alien coefficient is found as -0.8
Strong negyt~ve correlation =-·
b. Strong ~ e correla tion L, 1 l 1>r.· , • .I., :l.
c. No correlation ---
d. Weak negative correlat,on

B i ~Jan 2017 Page 3 of8

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