EVER AND NEVER WITH PRESENT PERFECT

-USE EVER IN A QUESTION:

· HAVE YOU EVER BEEN TO NEW YORK?

·HAS JACK EVER MET FRED?

-DO NOT USE EVER IN A POSITIVE RESPONSE:

X · YES I HAVE EVER BEEN TO NEW YORK

·YES, I HAVE BEEN TO NYC MANY TIMES
X · YES, JACK HAS EVER MET FRED
· YES, JACK HAS ALREADY MET FRED

-USE NEVER IN A NEGATIVE RESPONSE:

· NO, I HAVE NEVER BEEN TO NEW YORK

· NO, JACK HAS NEVER MET FRED

JUST , ALREADY , YET , STILL

-JUST: USUALLY USED WITH PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

“SOMETHING HAPPENED A SHORT WILE AGO”

·I HAVE JUST SEEN JOHN COME OUT THE MOVIE THEATRE

· I HAVE JUST EATEN LUNCH

-ALREADY: USED IN THE PRESENT AND PAST TENSE.NEVER IN THE FUTURE TENSE

“SOMETHING HAS HAPPENED EARLY / OREARLIER THAN IT MIGHT HAVE HAPPENED”

· I HAVE ALREADY BEEN TO LONDON. HAVE YOU?

·THE TRAIN HAS ALREADY LEFT! WHAT ARE WE GOING TO DO?

-YET: USED IN QUESTIONS AND NEGATIVES. “DO NOT USE IN AFFIRMATIVE STATEMENTS”

‘AN ACTION IS EXPECTED TO HAPPEN–ATANY TIME UP TO NOW’.

·HAVE YOU HAD DINNER YET?

·THE COMPUTER HAS NOT ANALYSED THE DATA YET

-STILL: USED IN AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES AND IN QUESTIONS. NEVER IN NEGATIVE SENTENCES

“AN ACTION OR SITUATION CONTINUES TO THE PRESENT BECAUSE IT HAS NOT FINISHED”

·I STILL HAVE THAT PICTURE YOU GAVE ME.

·HE IS STILL ASLEEP SO DON’T WAKE HIM UP

FOR AND SINCE

SINCE: WE USE SINCE TO EXPRESS THE BEGINNING OF THE PERIOD OF TIME OF AN EVENT.

· HE HAS STUDIED SINCE TWO O’CLOCK

FOR: WE USE FOR TO EXPRESS THE LENGHT (DURATION) OF THIS EVENTS

·HE HAS STUDIED FOR TWO HOURS AND FIFTEEN MINUTES

PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE VS PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

I HAVE BEEN READING THIS BOOK FOR 5 HOURS (PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS)

HOW LONG? – 5 HOURS

I HAVE READ 130 PAGES (PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE)

HOW MANY? – 130 PAGES

SHE HAS BEEN READING A BOOK ABOUT WITCHES (PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS)

SHE HAS READ A BOOK ABOUT WITCHES “FINISHED” (PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE)

- I’VE BEEN BREAKING MY LEG

-I’VE BROKEN MY LEG

- I’VE BEEN KNOWING THEM FOR AGES

- I’VE KNOWN THEM FOR AGES

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

+ HAS / HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE

· YOU HAVE TRAVELED

·HE HAS TRAVELED

-HASN’T / HAVEN’T + PAST PARTICIPLE

·YOU HAVEN’T TRAVELED

·HE HASN’T TRAVELED

? HAVE / HAS + S + PAST PARTICIPLE

·HAVE YOU TRAVELED?

·HAS HE TRAVELED?
WHEN (PAST SIMPLE) – WHILE (PAST CONTINUOUS)

WHEN THE POSTMAN CAME I WAS TAKING A SHOWER (QUANDO)

WHILE I WAS TAKING A SHOWER THE POSTMAN CAME (MIENTRAS)

USED TO

FOR PAST HABITS AND REPEATED ACTIONS

·I USED TO DRINK 15 TO 20 CUPS OF COFFE

·I USED TO GO TO THE GYM EVERY DAY

FOR PAST SITUATIONS OR STATES THAT HAVE CHANGED

·I USED TO BE A COFFE ADDICT.

·I DIDN’T USE TO FEEL 100% AFTER DRINKING SO MUCH COFFEE.

PAST SIMPLE

REGULAR VERBS (-ED)

AFFIRMATIVE: SUBJECT + BASE FORM +ED

·HE PLAYED FOOTBALL YESTERDAY

IRREGULAR VERBS (DIFFERENTS WAYS)

AFFIRMATIVE: SUBJECT + 2ND FORM

·HE WENT TO THE CINEMA

REGULAR VERBS AND IRREGULAR VERBS

NEGATIVE: SUBJECT + DIDN’T + BASE FORM

·I DIDN’T PLAY

INTERROGATIVE: DID + SUBJECT + BASE FORM + ?

·DID I PLAY FOOTBALL YESTERDAY?

FUTURE WITH GOING TO

AFFIRMATIVE:

I AM GOING TO TRAVEL

YOU ARE GOING TO TRAVEL

HE/SHE/IT IS GOING TO TRAVEL

WE ARE GOING TO TRAVEL

THEY ARE GOING TO TRAVEL

NEGATIVE:

I AM NOT GOING TO TRAVEL

YOU ARE NOT GOING TO TRAVEL

HE/SHE/IT IS NOT GOING TO TRAVEL

WE ARE NOT GOING TO TRAVEL

THEY ARE NOT GOING TO TRAVEL

QUESTIONS

AM I GOING TO TRAVEL

ARE YOU GOING TO TRAVEL

IS HE/SHE/IT GOING TO TRAVEL

ARE WE GOING TO TRAVEL

ARE THEY GOING TO TRAVEL

-YES I AM / YOU ARE / HE,SHE,IT IS / WE ARE / THEY ARE

-NO I AM NOT / YOU ARE NOT / HE,SHE,IT IS NOT / WE ARE NOT / THEY ARE NOT

FUTURE WITH WILL

AFFIRMATIVE

I/YOU/HE/SHE/IT/WE/YOU/THEY WILL GO

NEGATIVE

I/YOU/HE/SHE/IT/WE/YOU/THEY WILL NOT / WON’T GO

QUESTIONS

WILL I/YOU/HE/SHE/IT/WE/YOU/THEY GO?

-YES I/YOU/HE/SHE/IT/WE/YOU/THEY WILL

-NO I/YOU/HE/SHE/IT/WE/YOU/THEY WILL NOT/WON’T