Immunopathology of the human immunodeficiency virus

Gp120, a glycoprotein found on the surface envelope of the virus, binds to the surface of CD4
receptor on a helper -t-cell. Helper t-cells with their abundant cd4 are white blood cells that are
major target cells for HIV infection.
Reverse transcription occurs in the cell cytoplasm whereby it creates a CDNA copy of the viral RNA
genome where HIV integration then occurs. This particular integration of DNA and RNA occurs when
the newly made viral DNA migrates into the cell nucleus and becomes incorporated 'one' into the
host cell genome through/using virus encoded integrase enzyme. Through this process, HIV viral
proteins are then produced and is synthesised into its own cell structure that is then placed at the
envelope of gp120 and gp41 taagged/ and budds with mature viron and is then replicated?

The glycoprotein gp120 found on the envelope of the virus binds to cd4 receptors together with the
co-receptors ccr5 and cxcr4 on the surface of helper t- cells. Helper t-cells with their abundant cd4
are white blood cells that are a major target for infection. This process allows fusion of the viral
envelope with the cell membrane which is facilitated by the glycoprotein gp41. Fusion established
between the virus and cd4 cell releases the capsid containing the viral content including the
enzymes necessary for viral survival.
Reverse transcription occurs in the cell cytoplasm whereby it creates a CDNA copy of the viral RNA
genome where HIV integration occurs. This particular integration of DNA and RNA occurs when the
newly made viral DNA migrates/transported into the cell nucleus and becomes integrated as 'one'
into the host cell genome using virus encoded integrase enzyme. Continue with transcription and
translation and how regularly proteins are made.

Antiretrovirals are the cornerstone to treating patients infected with hiv and works to effectively
block attachment and entry of hiv virus during different parts of the life cycle. Such treatments are
used to effectively control the viral replication of the virus and reduce the viral load of HIV in the
body. For example, a patient may be prescribed with enfuvirtide, a type of fusion inhibitor, that
binds to the viral protein gp41 and prevents fusion of the virus enveloping with the cell.

Antiretrovirals such as nucleoside and nucleotide are examples of reverse transcriptase inhibitors
that targets the reverse transcription stage to stop the enzyme reverse transcriptase as well as the
creation of viral DNA thus terminating its DNA chain. For example, a patient may be prescribed
tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) an oral tablet that acts inside the cells to inhibit reverse
transcriptase. Describe how proteins make dna reguralrly etc.