2nd International Conference on “Advancement in Electronics & Communication Engineering (AECE

2022) July 14-15, 2022

Measurement of Radio Wave Latency in 5G Networks

Amanpreet Singh Dhanoa1, Jaswinder Singh2,Gursimran Kaur3, Gagandeep Singh4
1
Dept. of Computer Science Engineering, Chandigarh University, Mohali
Email: dhanoa.a@gmail.com
2
Department of Computer Science Engineering, Chandigarh University, Mohali
Email: jaswindere7388@cumail.in
3
Department of Computer Science Engineering, Chandigarh University, Mohali
Email:gursimrane7344@cumail.in
4
Department of Computer Science Engineering, Chandigarh
Chandigarh University, Mohali
Email:gagandeepsingh.it@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
This paper deals with the radio wave frequency to measure the latency of different radio wave. The Fifth Generation network
is an advanced network that takes the minimal time as compare to 3G and 4G to give the response between the two devices
either within the same network or the different network. It preserves the important advantage of an advanced network that is
having more capacity and deliver the fast connection between the devices or networks. The 5G network having the advanced
features of 4G LTE networks. The measurement of radio frequency is mandatory for the today’s world to provide the
minimum latency to increase the throughput. The main objective to measure the radio wave frequency
frequency is to obtain the strength
of the signal and check the security parameters that is another challenge of the wireless networks.

Keywords-Latency,Throughput,LTE

I. INTRODUCTION Fig. 1. 5G Connectivity[1]

The Fifth Generation network is a global wireless
standard network having more capacity and delivers a fast
speed as compared to 1G, 2G, 3G, and 4G LTE mobile
networks. 5G Wireless mobile network provides high multi
Gbps speed to increase the network performance and
improved the he efficiency of wireless mobile network. To
reduce the number of interfaces, it uses orthogonal
frequency-division
division multiplexing to modulate the digital
signal over all channels. 5G used the wider bandwidth all
over the different frequency channels such as 6GHZ and
millimeter Wave. It also works on the same principle as the
4G LTE mobile network. For air interface 5G using the new
radio (5GNR), which helps to deliver significant and faster
data over the wireless mobile network. 5G not only delivers
a high speed
peed and better capacity in comparison to 4G mobile
networks, but also grows into new service areas such as
mission-critical
critical communications and connecting huge IoT
networks. 5G ensures to provide the high speed with low
latency to increase the throughput and nd improve the
efficiency and connectivity.[1]
The following are the major categories:
1.1 Massive machine-to-machine
machine communications
It is also known as the Internet of Things (IoT), which
connects gadgets without the need for human intervention,
which has never been observed in previous technologies. It
is entirely reliant on the programs. From the customer's
beneficial point of view, it creates applications based on the
industrial processes for farming, agriculture practices,
manufacturing, and corporate communications.
1.2 Ultra-reliable
reliable low latency communications
It is based upon the real-time
time control of devices,
industrial robotics, vehicle-to-vehicle
vehicle communications
and safety systems, autonomous driving, and safer
transport networks. Low latency communications also
offer possible opportunities to the world for remote
medical care, methods, and solutions.
1.3 Enhanced mobile broadband
It has
as a higher data speed and capacity, allowing it to
connect more people consistently. Fixed wireless internet
connection for households, outside broadcast applications
without the need for broadcast trucks, and increased
connectivity for those on the go wi will be among the new
applications.
1.3.1 For communities
5G will connect a variety of devices to develop smart
activities for the home, city, schools, and cars, as well as
improve medical facilities and education while ensuring the
security of all communication channels
hannels around connected

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 2nd International Conference on “Advancement in Electronics & Communication Engineering (AECE
devices. It will also give a more efficient and secure living
environment.[2]
1.3.2 For businesses and industry
5G allows the sector to obtain insight into operations and
access a vast amount of data. As far as business is
concerned, 5G aids in the growth of businesses and the
completion of vital tasks such as developing creative
agricultural ideas, creating smart farms, and manufacturing
to reduce costs, improve customer experience, and give
long-term growth to the industry.
1.3.3 New and Emergingging technologies
It is a concern with virtual reality with a 5G. Using such
kind of technology you will be able to live with virtual
reality like watching a live match of cricket and traveling to
the different countries or cities. It will create an amazing
experience of virtual reality, it seems like walking through a
new home.
Fig. 2. 5G connectivity with different devices[2]
II. 5G NETWORK ARCHITECTURE
5G network design depicting 5G and 4G networks
functioning together, with central and local servers offeri
offering
consumers quicker content and low-latency
latency apps.
The 'Radio Access Network' and the 'Core
Network' are the two fundamental components of a mobile
network.
Radio Access Network (RAN) – It connects the
different devices including wireless and mobile customers
with the core network including antennas, blocks of cells,
and point-to-point
point links for the living area or buildings. It
also connects all the users using a single access point
through towers.
Block of cells is the main component of 5G networks
including
ncluding all the mmWave spectrum in which the range
between the connections is too short. Macro cells will
spread from clusters as the subscribers want to connect for
regular connection as per the Marco network that is used in
large area networks. [3]
Raj Kumar Goel Institute of Technology, Ghaziabad
Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4160370
2022) July 14-15, 2022
Fig. 3. 5G Network Architecture[3]
MIMO (multiple input, multiple outputs) towers including
lots of components or network terminals will be used in 5G
large cells to transmit and get the data at the same time.
Consumers take advantage to connect more people
simultaneously
neously with good data speed. If a MIMO tower uses
the clusters of the different antennas then it is known as a
"massive MIMO," it uses the same physical dimensions of
the base tower as compared to 3G and 4G.
2.1The Core Network
It handles all the transmission
sion of data between the
devices using a single internet connection The 'core
network' for 5G is designed to improve the latency for
cloud-based
based applications and distributed server networks to
make a better interface around the internet.
It controls all the
he processing applications of 5G. It
includes the responsibility of the virtualization of network
applications and services. Some public cloud servers
provide a faster rate of data to the clients like movie
streaming at low latency applications and car col collision
avoidance systems. It will communicate the message
through the server into a single message between the two
nodes. It also fastens the speed of the data to travel between
the two devices.
2.1.1 5G Network:
Reducing the latency requires regular improvement in both
the networks (Core Network (Core) and the Radio Access
Network (RAN)).
a. Core Network Changes
To transfer the data from one mobile device to another
mobile device use the shortest path between them during the
heavy payload. It helps to generate the new core network,
and provide the new signals to the distributed server. Video
streaming is a good example of it because it stores the copy
of the demanded video to make access to that video easy for
the customers and also reduce the response time. It make
makes a
copy of that video in the cache and also generates the logs of
it for easy search.
b. Radio Access Network Changes
It will require making the changes in per easy way so that it
is easy for the software to handle the services that are used
to achieve the target
arget of reduction in latency of the network.
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 2nd International Conference on “Advancement in Electronics & Communication Engineering (AECE
Maintaining the low latency and reliability across the
mobile networks is a method to reduce the time taken by the
transmission between the two devices across the radio
spectrum and also achieve high reliability and ensure the
quality of air interface.
RAN does not allow the mobile network to generate any
process at low latency and more data rate during the
implementation of either virtual or dynamic RAN. But it
permits the network to adapt to the changes in the number of
users, configuration of the network, and its performance.
2.2 5G RADIO WAVEFORM
As per the previous technology, GSM networks used 850
MHz and 1900 MHz frequencies. It uses the same method to
modulate the spectrum as 2G and 3G networks but uses the
recognized frequency waveforms to measure the new
frequency bands. In 5G networks, it uses 2100 MHz
frequency spectrum generated by using some additional
frequency bands of 4G LTE networks. 4G LTE networks
use 600 MHz, 700 MHz, 1.7/2.1 GHz, 2.3 GHz, and 2.5
GHz. [4]
5G mobile network frequencies vary for sub-6
GHz from 450 MHz to 6 GHz. On other hand, the
range of 5G frequencies starts from 24.250 GHz to
52.600 GHz for millimeter waves. The changes in
frequencies in the 5G mobile network make the
frequency spectrum more complex as compared to the
previous generation networks and these frequencies are
not recognized by any ITU-T standards. 5G mobile
networks also use some additional frequency spectrum
bands starting from 5925 to 7150 MHz and 64 GHz to
86 GHz. In sub-6 GHz, it uses the same frequency
spectrum bands of 3G and 4G LTE networks. In 5G
NR, some sub-6 GHz frequency bands were included
in the 3GPP. After IMT-2020, the second 3GPP 5G
release will contain FR2 millimeter-wave frequency
bands. Various countries and regions want to use a
III. RESULT
unique range of 5G spectrum that is also the same as
the previous cellular networks and 3GPP releases. [5]
2.3 MASSIVE MIMO
Massive MIMO (multiple input, multiple outputs) is
used to transmit and receive the data at the same time The
towers used in massive MIMO have to cluster antennas with
various numbers of connections. It is beneficial for the
consumers to connect with a huge amount of consumers at
the same time and handle the good speed of data rate. The
physical architecture of 5G massive MIMO is the same as
the physical structure of 4G antennas [6]. Due to the high
frequency, the single antenna component size is small so
cluster antennas are used in 5G to increase the signal
strength of the frequency spectrum.
This technology is used in 5G devices, and phones to
use mm-wave frequencies. A cluster antenna has been added
in both 4G and 5G base stations. The size of both base
station antennas is similar compared to the overall physical
size of both antennas.
Raj Kumar Goel Institute of Technology, Ghaziabad
Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4160370
2022) July 14-15, 2022
2.4 MIMO-BEAM STEERING
It is a method that uses a MIMO base station instead of
broadcasting in all directions to the devices connected in a
single base station. It is used for finding the optimal path for
frequency signals to communicate with each user connected
in either single or another network. It also increases the
performance of the radio signals by reducing unwanted air
interferences. The frequency spectrum beam in this is high
as compared to the previous cellular networks.
2.5 MEASUREMENT OF LATENCY
Typically, network latency is measured from the device, up
to the radio, down through the front hole into the radius of
the baseband processor, back out into the core, and then to
the application itself. A typical ping test if you like. LTE
today is 60 to 70 milliseconds. The fastest I’ve ever seen is
41 milliseconds – I was actually standing in one of the
operator’s headquarters, so you’d hope it was good there –
but that was from my device to the radio, down through the
network, into the core, and then turn around and come back.
That doesn’t include any processing time for the application
itself. So, if I’m streaming a movie for example, and it takes
a while for that stream to start, that wouldn’t be included in
the 60 to 70 milliseconds. [6]
With 5G, 10 milliseconds is to do that same thing
and the way we do this is by moving the processing to the
edge. They move it closer to the base station and remove the
transporter in the middle. You’ll also hear of a one-
millisecond target that allows for a lot of industrial-type
applications – especially for control of robots and things like
that in industrial manufacturing. That’s a radio latency, so it
goes from device to radio, processed, and goes straight back
in one millisecond. There are different expectations for
latency, but that’s typically how we’re looking at it from an
architecture point of view.
5G frequency works at a different level of
frequency parameters to measure the latency. In this, two
frequency bands are used to identify the latency i.e. 15KHz
and 60KHz. The sample rate (61.44 MHz) as well as RBW
(60KHz) of the spectrum used to check the latency are the
same for both frequencies. If we want to improve the
frequency and then increase the bandwidth of the users then
it reduces the latency of the 5G spectrum. At both frequency
levels, the period of frequency wave is the same as 20ms. In
payload, the data source is the same MIB and the first DM-
RS position is also the same (2 samples per bit rate of
frequency spectrum) but the SIB1 subcarrier depends upon
the selection of frequency range ether 15KHz and 60KHz or
more.
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2022) July 14-15, 2022

Fig. 4. SS Burst and Payload at 15KH

Fig. 6. Channel View at 15KHz

Fig. 7. SCS at 15KHz

Fig. 5. Spectrum Analyzer at 15KHz

Fig. 8. SS Burst and Payload at 60KHz

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 2nd International Conference on “Advancement in Electronics & Communication Engineering (AECE
IV. CONCLUSION
Fig. 9. SCS at 60KHz
Fig. 10. Spectrum Analyzer at 60KHz
Raj Kumar Goel Institute of Technology, Ghaziabad
Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4160370
2022) July 14-15, 2022
Fig. 11. Channel View at 60KHz
TABLE I. COMPARISON BETWEEN DIFFERENT
FFERENT RANGE OF FREQUENCIES
FRE
SPECTRUM ANALYSIS CHANNEL VIEW
PAYLOAD (IN KHZ) (IN MHZ) (NRB)
15 12.35 270
60 61.44 66,32
In this paper, we measure the latency at different
radio waveforms to check the throughput and performance
of the 5G signal. If more users are connected then 5G will
use the same technology as 4G LTE but provide more
capacity to the users. The random frequency also varies
the latency but the speed d of the signal does not vary
because the strength of the signal does not vary. In
addition, we will use the high radio frequency to check the
latency for more number of users.
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