SYMBOL SYMBOL NAME MEANING EXAMPLE READ AS

{} set a collection of elements A = {1, 7, 9, 13, 15, "Set A is equal to the set
23}, containing elements 1, 7, 9, 13,
B = {7, 13, 15, 21} 15, and 23. Set B is equal to the
set containing elements 7, 13, 15,
and 21."
A∪B union Elements that belong to A ∪ B = {1, 7, 9, "The union of sets A and B is equal
set A or set B 13, 15, 21, 23} to the set containing elements
that belong to set A or set B,
which is 1, 7, 9, 13, 15, 21, and
23."
A∩B intersection Elements that belong to A ∩ B = {7, 13, “The intersection of sets A and B is
both the sets, A and B 15 } equal to the set containing
elements that belong to both the
sets, A and B, which is 7, 13, and
15."
A⊆B subset subset has few or all {7, 15} ⊆ {7, 13, "The set containing elements 7
elements equal to the set 15, 21} and 15 is a subset of the set
containing elements 7, 13, 15, and
21."
A⊄B not subset left set is not a subset of {1, 23} ⊄ B "The set containing elements 1
right set and 23 is not a subset of set B."

A⊂B proper subset / subset has fewer {7, 13, 15} ⊂ {1, 7, "The set containing elements 7,
strict subset elements than the set 9, 13, 15, 23} 13, and 15 is a proper subset of
the set containing elements 1, 7,
9, 13, 15, and 23."

A⊃B proper superset / set A has more elements {1, 7, 9, 13, 15, 23} "The set containing elements 1, 7,
strict superset than set B ⊃ {7, 13, 15, } 9, 13, 15, and 23 is a proper
superset of the set containing
elements 7, 13, and 15."

A⊇B superset set A has more elements {1, 7, 9, 13, 15, 23} "The set containing elements 1, 7,
or equal to the set B ⊇ {7, 13, 15, 23} 9, 13, 15, and 23 is a superset of
the set containing elements 7, 13,
15, and 23."

Ø empty set Ø={} C = {Ø} "Set C contains only one element,

which is an empty set."

P (C) power set all subsets of C C = {4,7}, "The power set of set C, which
P(C) = {{}, {4}, contains elements 4 and 7, is
{7}, {4,7}} equal to the set containing the
empty set, the set containing
Given by 2s, s is the
element 4, the set containing
number of elements
element 7, and the set containing
in set C
elements 4 and 7."
A⊅B not superset set X is not a superset of {1, 2, 5} ⊅{1, 6} "The set {1, 2, 5} is not a superset
set Y of the set {1, 6}".

A=B equality both sets have the same {7, 13,15} = {7, 13,
members 15}

A \ B or relative objects that belong to A {1, 9, 23} "the set containing the elements
A-B complement and not to B 1, 9, and 23 that belong to set A
and not to set B”

Ac complement all the objects that do We know, U = {1, "U is a universal set containing
not belong to set A 2, 7, 9, 13, 15, 21, elements 1, 2, 7, 9, 13, 15, 21, 23,
23, 28, 30} 28, and 30.
Ac = {2, 21, 28, 30} Ac is the complement of set A,
which contains all the elements in
the universal set U that are not in
set A.
Ac contains the elements 2, 21,
28, and 30, which are not present
in set A.”

A∆B symmetric objects that belong to A A ∆ B = {1, 9, 21, "The symmetric difference of sets
difference or B but not to their 23} A and B is equal to the set
intersection containing elements that belong
to set A or set B but not to their
intersection, which is 1, 9, 21, and
23."
a∈B element of set membership B = {7, 13, 15, 21}, Set B is a set of numbers that
13 ∈ B includes 7, 13, 15, and 21
"13 is an element of set B."
(a, b) ordered pair collection of 2 elements (1, 2) This is an ordered pair consisting
of the elements 1 and 2.

x ∉A not element of no set membership A = {1, 7, 8, 13, 15, A is a set of numbers that includes
23}, 5 ∉ A 1, 7, 8, 13, 15, and 23.
"5 is not an element of set A."
|B| cardinality the number of elements B = {7, 13, 15, 21}, “Set B contains the elements 7,
of set B |B|= 4 13, 15, and 21.
"The cardinality of set B is 4."
A×B Cartesian product set of all ordered pairs {3,5} × {7,8} = "The Cartesian product of the sets
from A and B {(3,7), (3,8), (5,7), {3, 5} and {7, 8} is the set of all
(5, 8)} ordered pairs {(3,7), (3,8), (5,7),
(5,8)}."
N1 natural numbers / N1 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5…} 6 ∈ N1 "6 is an element of the set of
whole numbers natural numbers without zero."
set (without zero)

N0 natural numbers / N0 = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4…} 0 ∈ N0 "0 is an element of the set of

whole numbers natural numbers with zero."
set (with zero)
Q rational numbers Q= {x | x=a/b, a, b ∈ Z} 2/6 ∈ Q "2/6 is an element of the set of
set rational numbers."

Z integer numbers Z= {…-3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, -6 ∈ Z "-6 is an element of the set of

set 3…} integers."

C complex numbers C= {z | z = a + bi, - 6 + 2i ∈ C "Six plus two times the imaginary

set ∞<a<∞, - unit 'i' is an element of the set of
∞<b<∞} complex numbers."
R real numbers set R= {x | -∞ < x <∞} 6.343434 ∈ R "6.343434 is an element of the set
of real numbers."