MATHEMATICS 7

LEARNING MODULE

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 Table of Contents

Lesson 1 – The Venn Diagram - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3

Lesson 2 – Problems Involving Sets (The inside out technique) - - - - - - - - - 9
Lesson 3 – Problems Involving Sets (The side to side technique) - - - - - - - - 18

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 Lesson 1: The Venn Diagram

Venn diagrams are visual representations of relationships, they are very useful in
showing similarities and differences between sets.
A simple way of illustrating set, subset and set operation is through a Venn diagram.
In the previous lessons, you were taught about these concepts. Today, you will be learning
more of its uses. Study the illustrations below.
Set Notation Venn diagram Examples

A B 𝐴 = {𝑝, 𝑛, 𝑜, 𝑦}

𝐴
A B
Set A
p n o y
Elements which belong to
set A

A B 𝐵 = {𝑝, 𝑜, 𝑡 }
A B
𝐵
pot
Set B
Elements which belong
to set B

A B 𝐴 = {𝑝, 𝑛, 𝑜, 𝑦} 𝐵 = {𝑝, 𝑜, 𝑡 }
A B
𝐴 ∩𝐵 n P
𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵 y t
o
𝐴 intersection 𝐵
Elements are common to
set A and set B 𝐴∩𝐵

A B 𝐴 = {𝑝, 𝑛, 𝑜, 𝑦} 𝐵 = {𝑝, 𝑜, 𝑡 }
𝐴∪𝐵 A B
𝐴 𝑜𝑟 𝐵
𝐴 union 𝐵 pnoyt

Elements which belong to

set A, or set B or to both
sets 𝐴∪𝐵

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 A′ A B 𝑈 = {𝑝, 𝑜, 𝑖, 𝑛, 𝑡, 𝑦}
𝐴 = {𝑝, 𝑛, 𝑜, 𝑦} 𝐵 = {𝑝, 𝑜, 𝑡 }
Complement A B
of A or
A Prime t
Elements of U that do not i
belong to A

A B 𝑈 = {𝑝, 𝑜, 𝑖, 𝑛, 𝑡, 𝑦}
𝐵′ 𝐴 = {𝑝, 𝑛, 𝑜, 𝑦} 𝐵 = {𝑝, 𝑜, 𝑡 }
Complement of
B or A B
B Prime n y
Elements of U that do
not belong to B i

A B 𝐴 = {𝑝, 𝑛, 𝑜, 𝑦} 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵 = {𝑝, 𝑜, 𝑡 }

A B

𝐴−𝐵 n y

Difference of A Elements which belong to

and B set A but which do not
belong to set B

There are many simple real-life problems that could be solved applying the
concepts of Venn diagram but this is impossible if you don’t have the idea about the set-
up of this diagram. Let us explore further how this diagram could solve the many real life
problems. Consider the situation below.

A class of 25 students were surveyed and asked if they have a brother or a

sister. Eight students said they have only a brother, 6 students said they have only a
sister, another six said they have both a brother and a sister and 5 said they don’t
have a brother or a sister.

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 Below is a set-up of the Venn diagram based on the given problem.

brother sister
brother sister U U

brother brother sister 8 6 6

only and only
sister

do not have brother or sister 5

There are problems which involve 3 sets. The shaded parts of the sets are named
and identified. Study the illustrations below.

Given:
U = { (basketball players) + (volleyball players) + (badminton players) }
= { 25 players}

basketball = { 8 players }
volleyball = { 7 players}
badminton = {10 players }

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 PRACTICE QUIZ # 1
Name: _______________________________________ Date: __________________
Instructions: With the given Venn diagram, identify the elements asked by the following
numbers. Write your answer on your answer sheet. The first one is done for you.

a. How many students like blue color? _____

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b. How many students like yellow and red? _____
c. How many students like yellow or blue? _____
d. How many students like yellow only? _____
e. How many students like yellow, blue and red? _____
f. How many students like blue or red but not yellow? _____
g. How many students like neither yellow, blue nor red? _____

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 Lesson 2: Problems Involving Sets (The inside out technique)

A simple way of illustrating set, subset, and set operation is through Venn diagram.
Here, universal set (U) is represented by a simple plane area bounded by a rectangle and
its subsets are represented by circles.
Since Venn diagrams are visual representations of relationships, they are very useful
in showing similarities and differences between sets. In fact, set problems can be better
solved using Venn diagrams. Try to look at this example.
Out of fifty students, 23 joined Mathematics club and 32 joined English club. If 8
joined in both Mathematics and English club, how many have joined the English club only?
How about in Mathematics club only? How many are neither in Mathematics nor in English
club?

U
In solving set problems, it is easier to follow the technique “start inside out”. This is
done by putting the common elements first in the center of two or three overlapping sets.
Most of the time, when putting the elements, working backward starting from the last given
data helps solve set problems easily. Let’s apply this technique in answering the problem
mentioned earlier.

Problem 1:
Out of fifty students, 23 joined Mathematics club and 32 joined English club.
If 8 joined in both Mathematics and English club, how many have joined the
English club only? How about in Mathematics club only? How many are
neither in Mathematics nor in English club?

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Let us solve the given problem by applying this technique. Here we go…

The
How to do it
technique
Start from ➢ Arrange the given data this way
inside out Out of fifty students
23 joined Mathematics club
32 joined English club
8 joined in both Mathematics and English club

a. How many have joined the English club only?

b. How about in Mathematics club only?
c. How many are neither in Mathematics nor in English club?

➢ You can start filling the diagram starting from the center of two
overlapping sets as marked by the arrow (see illustration below).
Then work backward starting from the last given data. The last
given data here is: 8 joined in both Mathematics and English club

Think of This How to do it Illustrate

➢ Make a Venn • Draw two overlapping circles
diagram representing two sets (Math
Club and English club) inside
the U.

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Take Note: Use the Technique
“Start inside out” (start filling the sets from the inside out)
➢ 8 joined in • Put 8 at the center where the
both two sets overlap.
Mathematics 8
and English
club
➢ 32 joined • Subtract 8 from 32
English club. from means you need to write
32 first before 8 that is,
(32 – 8 = 24)
• Put 24 in English club only, this
completes the 32 students.

➢ 23 joined • Subtract 8 from 23

Mathematics (23 – 8 = 15)
club • Put 15 in Mathematics club
only, this completes the 23
students.
➢ Out of fifty • Add all the elements of the two
students sets (15 + 8 + 24 = 47).
• Since the total is 47 and not
equal to 50, subtract 47 from 50
(50 – 47 = 3)
• Put 3 outside the two sets but
inside the U, this completes the
50 students.

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 a. How many have joined the
➢ Fill in the
Mathematics club only? 15
Venn
b. How many have joined the
diagram with
English club only? 24
all the
c. How many are neither in
elements
Mathematics nor in English
and answer
club? 3
the
questions.

Problem 2:
A group of 50 students went to a tour in a land of Mindanao. Out of the 50
students, 24 joined the trip to IGaCoS island, 18 went to Beach View Resort, 20 visited
Siargao island, 12 made a trip to IGaCoS island and Beach View Resort, 15 saw Beach
View Resort and Siargao island, 11 made a trip to IGaCoS island and Siargao island
and 10 saw the three tourist spots.
Questions:
a. How many students went to IGaCoS island only?
b. How many students went to Beach View Resort only?
c. How many joined the Siargao island trip only?
d. How many did not go to any of the Mindanao area tourist spots?

In solving set problems containing 3 sets, you can also apply the technique “start
inside out”. Let’s answer the given problem by first arranging given data.

50 students went in a tour in the land of Mindanao.

24 joined the trip to IGaCoS island,
18 went to Beach View Resort
20 visited Siargao island,
12 made a trip to IGaCoS island and Beach View Resort,
15 saw Beach View Resort and Siargao island,
11 made a trip to IGaCoS island and Siargao island
10 saw the three part of Mindanao area tourist spots.

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 Think of This How to do it Illustrate
➢ Make a Venn • Draw three overlapping sets
diagram inside the U. You can represent
the given sets with any letter of
the alphabet.
Let:
I represents IGaCoS island
S represents Siargao island
B represents Beach View Resort

Take Note: Use the Technique

“Start inside out” (start filling the sets from the inside out)
➢ 10 saw the • Put 10 at the center where set I,
three tourist S, and B overlaps.
spots.

➢ 11 made a • Subtract 10 from 11

trip to (11–10 = 1)
Bawbawon • Put 1 in set B and S only, this
island and completes the 11 students.
Sperm island .

➢ 15 saw • Subtract 10 from 15

Hoyohoy View (15 – 10 = 5)
Deck and • Put 5 in set H and S only, this
Sperm island . completes the 15 students.

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➢ 12 made a trip • Subtract 10 from 12
to Bawbawon (12 – 10 = 2)
island and
Hoyohoy View • Put 2 in set C and T only, this
Deck completes the 12 students.

➢ Sperm island . • Add all the elements of set S

(10 + 5 + 1 = 16)
• Subtract the total from 20
(20–16=4)
• Put 4 in set S only, this competes
the 20 students.

➢ 18 went to • Add all the elements of set H

Hoyohoy View (10 + 5 + 2 = 17)
Deck • Subtract the total from 18
(18 – 17 = 1)
• Put 1 in set T only, this
completes the 18 students.

➢ 24 joined the • Add all the elements of set B

trip to (10+2+1=13).
Bawbawon • Subtract the total from 24
(24 – 13 = 11).
• Put 11 in set B only, this
completes the 24 students.

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➢ 50 students • Add all the elements
went to a tour (11+1+10+2+4+5+1=34)
in Mis. Occ. • Since the total is 34 and 34 is not
province equal to 50, subtract 34 from 50
(50 – 34 = 16)
• Put 16 inside U (outside the
circles)
➢ Fill in the Venn a. How many of the students went
diagram with to Bawbawon only? 11
b. How many students went to
the elements Hoyohoy View Deck only? 1
and answer c. How many joined the Sperm
island trip only? 4
the questions d. How many did not go to any of
the tourist spots? 16

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 PRACTICE QUIZ # 2
Name: _______________________________________ Date: __________________
Instruction: With the given data and illustrations, identify the elements asked for. Write
the answer on your answer sheet.

Problem 1:

A teacher was collecting data of her 65 students and found out that 43 have cable
TV at home, 31 have internet connectivity and 18 have both. Illustrate in a Venn
diagram and answer the questions that follow.

a. How many students do not have cable TV at home?

b. How many have neither cable TV nor internet connectivity at home?
c. How many have cable TV but no internet connectivity?

Think of This
Arrange the given data
65 students
43 having cable TV at home
31 having internet connectivity
18 both having cable TV and internet connectivity

Illustrate
Use the Technique “Start inside out”

18 both having cable TV and internet

connectivity

• Put 18 at the center where the two

sets overlapped

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31 have internet connectivity
• Subtract 18 from 31
(31 – 18 = ________)
• Put the answer in internet
connectivity only
43 have cable TV at home
• Subtract 18 from 43
(43 – 18 = ____)
• Put the answer in TV only

A teacher is collecting data of her 65

students
• Add all the elements of two sets
(total: ____)
• Subtract the total from 65
(65 – ____ = ____)
• Put the answer outside the circles
but inside U.
(Fill in the Venn diagram with all the
elements and answer the questions
below.)
a. How many students do not have
cable TV at home? ___
b. How many have neither cable TV
nor internet connectivity at home?
___
c. How many have cable TV but no
internet connectivity? ___

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 Lesson 3: Problems Involving Sets (The side to side technique)
The technique “side to side” is best if we have problems on sets with unknown
elements in the center of two overlapping sets (see illustration below). This technique will
help you answer some set problems with this kind of unknown elements.

Let’s apply this technique in answering the problem mentioned in What’s New.
The Technique How to do it
“Side to side”
➢ Arrange the given data this way
Among the 40 students
23 loves singing
25 loves dancing.

Questions:

a. How many students love singing and dancing?

b. How many students love singing only?

➢ Draw the diagram and illustrate the elements

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 Take Note:
There are students who love singing and dancing, but as to how
many, we do not know. So the unknowns are the number of students
who love singing only, the number of students who love singing and
dancing and the number of students who love dancing only.

Think of This
How to do it Illustrate
➢ Make a Venn • Draw two overlapping circles
diagram representing the two sets
(dancing and singing) inside the
U. Label the second set (dancing)
with its given elements.

Take Note: Use the Technique “ Side to side”

(work from left to right, still start with the last given data)
➢ Among the 40 • There are 40 students in all
students, 25 where 25 students love
loves dancing dancing. To find students who
(inside the text love singing only, subtract 25
box) from 40.
(40 – 25 = 15)
• Put 15 in singing only
Erase 25 to avoid confusion

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➢ 23 loves • Subtract 15 from 23
singing (23 – 15 = 8)
• Put 15 in singing and dancing.

➢ 25 loves • Subtract 15 from 25

dancing (25 – 8 = 17)
• Put 17 in dancing only.

➢ Among the 40 Add all the elements to check if

students there are 40 students .
(15 + 8 + 17 = 40).
• Answer the questions
a. How many students love
singing and dancing? 8
b. How many students love
singing only? 15

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 PRACTICE QUIZ # 3
Name: _______________________________________ Date: __________________
Instructions: With the given data and illustrations, identify the elements asked for. Write
the answer on your answer sheet.

Problem:
A group of 25 high school students were asked whether they use either Facebook or
Twitter or both. There are 15 students who are Facebook users and 12 of them used
Twitter.

a. How many use Facebook only?

b. How many use Twitter only?

c. How many use both social networking sites?

Think of This
Arrange the given data
25 high school students
15 Facebook users
12 Twitter users

Think of This How to do it Illustrate

➢ Make a Venn
diagram • Draw two overlapping circles
representing the users of
Facebook and Twitter.
Label each circle with Facebook
and Twitter.

Take Note: Use the Technique “ Side to side”

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(work from left to right, still start with the last given data)
➢ A group of 25 high school students, twelve use
Twitter

There are all 25 students, twelve use Twitter

• to find students who use Facebook only

subtract 12 from 25. (25 – 12 = ____ )
• Put the answer in Facebook only
• Omit 12 to avoid confusion

➢ Fifteen of these students use Facebook

• Subtract the element in Facebook only
from 15 (15 – ____ = ____ )
• Put the answer in Facebook and Twitter.
•
➢ Twelve use Twitter.
• Subtract the element of Facebook and Twitter
from 12 (12 – ____ = ____ )
• Put the answer in Twitter only.
• Complete the diagram with the elements.
➢ A group of 25 high school students
• Add all the elements of the two sets to check if
it is equal to 25
( ____+ ____ + ____ = ____ )
• Answer the questions
a. How many use Facebook only? ____
b. How many use Twitter only? _____
c. How many use both social networking
sites____

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 PRACTICE QUIZ # 4
Name: _______________________________________ Date: __________________
Instruction: Supply the paragraphs with the missing terms. Write the answer on your
answer sheet.

I have learned that (1) ___________ are visual representations of sets,

subsets and set operations. Here, universal set (U) is represented by a simple
plane area bounded by a (2) ___________ and its subsets are represented by (3)
___________.
I know that in solving set problems, it is easier to follow the technique
(4)
___________. This is done by putting the common elements first in the center of
two or three (5)_____________ sets.

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 REFERENCES:

Mathematics 7 Learning Module, 13-17.

Manalo C, Suzara J and Mercado J, Next Century Mathematics 2nd Edition,Phoenix

Publishing House, 2017, 9 – 22.

Links:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CRnh3Vb5BdY

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gqzAGVLCUgM

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MassxXy8iko

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dLz1Ys7iP-I

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NwUqN

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