LESSON 1.

3
PAIRS OF
SETS
 LEARNING OBJECTIVES
• Describe each pair of set;
• Demonstrate comprehension of the
relationship between two sets;
• Show understanding about pairs of
set;
 PAIRS OF SETS
1. Equal Sets
2. Equivalent Sets
3. Disjoint Sets
4. Overlapping Sets
 UNIVERSAL SETS AND VENN
DIAGRAM
• The universal set is a general set that contains
all elements under discussion.
• John Venn (1843 – 1923) created Venn
diagrams to show the visual relationship among
sets.
• Universal set is represented by a rectangle
• Subsets within the universal set are depicted by
circles, or sometimes ovals or other shapes.
5
EXAMPLE 1
DETERMINING SETS FROM A VENN DIAGRAM
Use the Venn diagram to determine each of the
following sets:
a. U
U = { O , ∆ , $, M, 5 }
b. A
A= { O, ∆ }
c. The set of elements in U that are not
in A.
{$, M, 5 }
 REPRESENTING TWO SETS IN A
VENN DIAGRAM

Disjoint Sets: Equal Sets:

Two sets that have no If A = B then AB and B  A.
elements in common.
 REPRESENTING TWO SETS IN A
VENN DIAGRAM
Equivalent Sets: Overlapping Sets:
a set with an equal number two sets A and B are said to be
of elements. overlapping if they contain at least
one element in common.
TRY THIS !!!!
DIRECTION: Tell if the following pairs of sets are equal, equivalent,
disjoint, or overlapping set. Draw a Venn Diagram to represent each pair
of set.

1.A= {a, b, c} and B= {p, e, t}

2.A= {1, 3, 5} and B={10,20,30,40}
3.A= {1, 3, 5} and B={1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
A B
A B

a p
b 123 10 20
e
c 30 40
t
A B

2
1, 3,5 4
EXAMPLE 2
DETERMINING SETS FROM A VENN DIAGRAM
• Use the Venn Diagram to determine:
a. U
b. B
c. The set of elements in A but not B
Solutions:
d. The set of elements in U that are not a. U = { a, b, c, d, e, f, g }
in B b. B = {d, e }

e. The set of elements in both A and B. c. {a, b, c }

d. {a, b, c, f, g }
e. {d}
TASK 1. REAL- LIFE EXAMPLES
DIRECTION: Complete the table below by giving your own
example of the given pairs of set.

Pairs of Set Examples

 
Equal Set
 
Equivalent Set
 
Disjoint Set

Overlapping Set
ACTIVITY. PLEASE IDENTIFY ME
DIRECTION: Are the following pairs o set A and B disjoint, equal,
equivalent or overlapping sets?

1.A= {p,q,r,s} and B= {r,s,p,q}

2.A= {a,b,c} and B= {d,e,f,g}
3.A= {p,q,r,s} and B= {r,s,p,q}
4.A= {10, 20, 30, 40} and B={40, 50, 60, 70}
A= {all even numbers between 30 and 40} and
B={x:x is a letter in the word “MATH”}
 Section 2.3 12/02/2022

14
THE COMPLEMENT OF A SET
• The complement of set A, symbolized by A’
is the set of all elements in the universal set
that are not in A. This idea can be expressed
in set-builder notation as follows:
A’ = {x | x  U and x  A}

• The shaded region represents the complement

of set A. This region lies outside the circle.
 Section 2.3 12/02/2022

15 EXAMPLE 3
FINDING A SET’S COMPLEMENT
• Let U = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 6, 8, 9} and A = {1,
3, 4, 7 }. Find A’.
• Solution:
Set A’ contains all the elements of set U that are
not in set A.
Because set A contains the
elements 1,3,4,and 7, these
elements cannot be members of
set A’:
A’ = {2, 5, 6, 8, 9}
 Section 2.3 12/02/2022

THE INTERSECTION AND UNION OF SETS

16
• The intersection of sets A and B, written A∩B, is the set of elements
common to both set A and set B. This definition can be expressed in set-
builder notation as follows:
A∩B = { x | x A and xB}
• The union of sets A and B, written AUB is the set of elements are in A or
B or in both sets. This definition can be expressed in set-builder notation
as follows:
AUB = { x | x A or xB}
• For any set A:
• A∩Ø = Ø
• AUØ = A
 Section 2.3 12/02/2022

17 EXAMPLE 4
FINDING THE INTERSECTION OF TWO SETS

• Find each of the following intersections:

a. {7, 8, 9, 10, 11} ∩ {6, 8, 10, 12}

{8, 10}

b. {1, 3, 5, 7, 9} ∩ {2, 4, 6, 8}
Ø

c. {1, 3, 5, 7, 9} ∩ Ø
Ø
 Section 2.3 12/02/2022

18 EXAMPLE 5
FINDING THE UNION OF SETS
• Find each of the following unions:

a. {7, 8, 9, 10, 11} U {6, 8, 10, 12} a. {6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12}

b. {1, 3, 5, 7, 9} U {2, 4, 6, 8} b. {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}

c. {1, 3, 5, 7, 9} U Ø c. {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}
 Section 2.3 12/02/2022

19 EXAMPLE 6
• PERFORMING SETinside
Always perform any operations OPERATIONS
parenthesis first!
Given:
U = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}
A = { 1, 3, 7, 9 }
B = { 3, 7, 8, 10 }
• Find

a. (A U B)’ b. A’ ∩ B’
• Solution
• Solution:
A’ = {2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10}
A U B = {1, 3, 7, 8, 9, 10}
B’ = {1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 9}
(A U B)’ = {2, 4, 5, 6} A’ ∩ B’ = {2, 4, 5, 6 }
 EXAMPLE 7 Section 2.3 12/02/2022

DETERMINING
20 SETS FROM A VENN DIAGRAM

Set to Description of Set Regions in

Determine Venn Diagram
a. A  B set of elements in A or B or Both I,II,III
b. (A  B)’ set of elements in U that are not in A  B IV
c. A  B set of elements in both A and B II
d. (A  B)’ set of elements in U that are not in A  B I, III, IV
e. A’  B set of elements that are not in A and are in B III
f. A  B’ set of elements that are in A or not in B or
both I,II, IV
 Section 2.3 12/02/2022

21 SETS AND PRECISE USE OF

EVERYDAY ENGLISH
• Set operations and Venn diagrams provide precise ways of organizing,
classifying, and describing the vast array of sets and subsets we
encounter every day.

• Or refers to the union of sets

• And refers to the intersection of sets

 Section 2.3 12/02/2022

22 EXAMPLE 8
THE CARDINAL NUMBER OF THE UNION OF
TWO FINITE SETS

• Some of the results of the campus blood drive survey indicated that 490
students were willing to donate blood, 340 students were willing to help
serve a free breakfast to blood donors, and 120 students were willing to
do both.

How many students were willing to donate blood

or serve breakfast?
 Section 2.3 12/02/2022

EXAMPLE 8 CONTINUED
23