ramroop.asifa@yahoo.co.

uk

NAME OF SCHOOL: West Demerara Secondary School

NAME OF STUDENTS: Kishaan Sukdeo, Devina Singh, Josiah Dyall.

NAME OF SUBJECT: Human and Social Biology
NAME OF TOPIC: The effects of body mass index (BMI) on the breathing
Rate of Grade 11 students from WDSS
NAME OF TEACHER: Asifa Ramroop

WEST DEMERARA SECONDARY SCHOOL

1
 www.shutterstock.com

NAME OF STUDENT: Devina Singh

NAME OF GRADE: Grade Eleven ‘D’

CANDIDATE’S NUMBER: 0900561335

NAME OF SUBJECT: Human and Social Biology

NAME OF TOPIC: The effects of body mass index (BMI) on the

Breathing Rate of Grade 10 and 11 students
From WDSS

NAME OF TEACHER: Asifa Ramroop

TABLE OF CONTENTS

2
 Page no.
Title…………………………………………………………………………………………...……………….1

Introduction………………………………………………………………………………..…………………7

Problem statement………………………………………………………………..…………………………8

Research objective…………………………………………………….…………………………………….9

Methodology…………………………………………………………………………………………...…...10

Limitation……………………………………………………………………………………………………11

Reference……………………………………………………………………………………………………13

Data collection instrument……………………………………………………………………………….17

Presentation of data…………………………………………………………………..……………...……19

Analysis and interpretation of data…………………………………………………………………...…26

Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………………………………27

Recommendation…………………………..………………………………………………………………28

Reflection…………………………………………………….……………………………………...………29

Bibliography…………………………………….……………………………………………….…………30

Appendix………………………………………………………………………………………………….…38

3
 TITLE

“The effects of body mass index (BMI) on the Breathing Rate of Grade 10 and 11 students from
WDSS.”

4
 INTRODUCTION

 Background Information

Breathing (or ventilation) is the process of moving air into and from the lungs to facilitate gas
exchange with the internal environment, mostly to flush out carbon dioxide and bring in oxygen.
All aerobic creatures need oxygen for cellular respiration, which extracts energy from the
reaction of oxygen with molecules derived from food and produces carbon dioxide as a waste
product. Breathing, or "external respiration", brings air into the lungs where gas exchange takes
place in the alveoli through diffusion. The body's circulatory system transports these gases to and
from the cells, where "cellular respiration" takes place. (Wikipedia: N.Simpson).

The human body can survive 3 weeks without food, 3 days without water, but only
3 minutes without air and yet breathing is something we generally give very little
thought to. Breathing properly can have a huge impact on our overall health and
wellbeing and it can be used as a tool to reduce feelings of stress and anxiety. The
nose is built with a specific purpose: to support our respiratory system. The
primary purpose of the mouth, on the other hand, is to start the digestive process.
Nasal breathing filters allergens and foreign bodies from entering the lungs and
adds moisture and warmth to inhaled air. On the other hand, mouth breathing is
linked to a number of health conditions such as sleep problems, tooth decay and
learning difficulties. (Dr, Jennifer Guy).

Breathing rate, or respiratory rate, is an individual's number of breaths per minute. Learn the
definition and calculation of breathing rate and discover the mechanism of breathing rate
regulation. (A.Cheprasov)

Alcohol is a depressant that affects your central nervous system. The effects of alcohol continue
to increase the more you consume. Alcohol poisoning slows your breathing and heart rate, which
can contribute to life threatening complications. Opioids have a depressant effect on the central
nervous system. The effects can be seen system-wide, from blood pressure to respiration rate.
Deaths from opioid overdose, which claim as many as 68,630 lives every year in the United
States, are often caused by altered or dysfunctional breathing. Other medications also act as

5
central nervous system depressants, which mean they can slow your respiratory rate. These
mediations include:

 benzodiazepines
 barbiturates
 certain sleeping medications, including zolpidem (Ambien)

Combining these medications with each other, or with other depressant substances such as
alcohol or opioids, can lead to life threatening side effects. Hypothyroidism is caused by an
underactive thyroid gland. The thyroid hormone plays an important role in many body processes,
including respiration. Hypothyroidism can weaken the muscles of the lungs, making it harder to
breathe. This can slow down your normal respiratory rate. Each year, 795,000 people trusted
Source have a stroke in the United States, according to the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC). One common complication of stroke is respiratory system dysfunction.
Changes in the respiratory rate can be minor to severe, depending on the stroke. Minor
respiratory changes can lead to sleep disorders, such as sleep apnea. Major respiratory
disturbances can lead to more serious complications, such as the need for a breathing tube. In
some cases, these respiratory changes are temporary and may improve Trusted Source with
ongoing recovery from stroke. Sleep apnea is a condition in which your breathing pattern is
disrupted during sleep. Obstructive sleep apnea and central sleep apnea are the two main types of
this condition. Central sleep apnea occurs when the area of the central nervous system that
controls breathing does not send the proper signals while you sleep. This can be caused by
underlying factors, such as stroke, heart disease, or certain medications. (Eleesha Lockett, MS,
Kirsten Nunez)

There are two BMI calculation formulas to calculate BMI depending whether you’re using
metric or imperial measurements. BMI calculation formula. Body mass index (BMI) is a
measurement of a person's weight in relation to their height. It offers an inexpensive and simple
method of categorising people according to their BMI value so that we can screen people’s
weight category and indicate their potential risk for health conditions.
BMI = Weight (kg) / Height (m)²

6
To calculate BMI kg the metric formula is your weight in kilograms divided by your height in

meters squared. (Dr Ramsay)

Airway resistance is usually increased in obese individuals, and this is at least partly related to
the lower lung volumes at which obese patients normally breathe, leading to closure of the
smaller airways. One case-controlled study of 190 subjects showed that the airway resistance of
obese men (mean BMI 47) was almost twice that of normal control subjects. Interestingly,
although the differences in airway resistance between normal-weight and obese women were
significant, they were much less profound. However, when airway conductance (the inverse of
airway resistance) was adjusted for lung volumes, there was no difference between the normal
subjects and the obese subjects. The effects of obesity on lung volumes have been studied
extensively summarizes the effects of obesity on lung volumes. One of the most consistent
effects of obesity on lung volumes is a decrease in expiratory reserve volume (ERV). ERV
decreases as BMI increases. One study of pulmonary function tests in 373 patients with a wide
range of BMI showed that those with mild obesity (BMI 30–35 kg/m2) had an ERV of only
42.4 ± 29.3% of predicted. That study also showed that ERV decayed exponentially with
increasing BMI. Another study showed that super obese individuals (BMI ≥60 kg/m2, or a
height/weight ratio of 1) had an ERV of only 17.8 ± 9.6% of predicted. (Dr Littleton)

7
 PROBLEM STATEMENT

As Body Mass Increases (BMI) the breathing rate of persons will increase. What are the effects
of different body mass index (BMI) on the breathing rate of 50 students in Grades 11 in West
Demerara Secondary School (WDSS)?

8
 RESEARCH OBJECTIVE

To determine the effects of increased body Mass Index (BMI) on the breathing rate of 50
students in Grades 11 in West Demerara Secondary School (WDSS)?

9
 METHODOLOGY

Sample
The sample used in this experiment was students from the West Demerara Secondary School,
whose height, weight and breathing rate was recorded and analyzed. The sample was fifty
persons of ages 15-17. They were mostly African and East Indians which were in the ratio of
50% females and 50% males.

Data Collection Instrument

The researcher used a meter ruler and an electric scale to obtain data on Body Mass Index and its
linkage to Breathing Rate.
The questionnaire consists of questions that contain demographic information about a person that
will be used to calculate their BMI and breathing rate. The questionnaire contains twelve
questions that aim to analyze information on population demographics, breathing rate
measurement, dietary preferences, levels of exercise, causes, effects, solutions, and the definition
of BMI. The fifty participants' heights were measured in centimeters and converted to
meters after the experiment.
The mass of a person in kilograms was measured using an electric scale (kg).

Method of data collection

The researcher used a printed questionnaire that allowed participants to give their opinions
confidentially during face-to-face interviews or surveys to determine if there is a link between a
high BMI and breathing rate. Each survey question was asked, and their responses were recorded
using stratified sampling, which was used to collect data in order to ensure an even distribution
of questionnaires to senior citizens. A survey was used because it allows the researcher to collect
information from a large number of people in a short period of time.

10
 LIMITATION
 We cannot guarantee that everyone will participate in the survey.
 Not all the participants were honest.
 Time constraints.

11
 REFERENCES

Author’s Last name Year article was published Name or title of the
article or document

N.James, 2020. Breath: The New Science of a Lost Art. Retrieved on March 11, 2023.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breathing
Date information was
accessed by you
URL of the website

Author’s Last name Name or title of the Year article was published
article or document

Dr Jennifer Guy – Osteopath at North Carlton Osteopathy, 2023. THE

IMPORTANCE OF BREATHING. Retrieved on March 11, 2023.

www.northcarltonosteopathy.com.au
Date information was
accessed by you
URL of the website

Author’s Last name Year article was published Name or title of the
article or document

Artem Cheprasov, January 20, 2022. Breathing Rate: Definition, Calculation & Regulation.

Retrieved on March 11, 2023. https://study.com/

Date information was URL of the website

accessed by you

12
 Last name of the first Last name of the first Year article was published
author author

Eleesha Lockett, MS, Kirsten Nunez, Novemeber 15, 2022. What Is a Normal Respiratory Rate

for Adults and Children? Retrieved on March 11, 2023. https://www.healthline.com/

Date information was URL of the website Name or title of the

accessed by you article or document

Author’s Last name Year article was published Name or title of the
article or document

Dr G.Ramsay. January, 2018. How to Calculate my BMI? Retrieved on March 11, 2023.

https://www.ramsayhealth.co.uk/

URL of the website Date information was

accessed by you

Author’s Last name Year article was published Name or title of the
article or document

Dr Littleton. 01 November 2011. Impact of obesity on respiratory function. Retrieved on March

11, 2023. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/

URL of the website Date information was

accessed by you

13
 DATA COLLECTION INSTRUMENT

The following is a sample of our cover letter:

Dear respondent,

This is a questionnaire being carried out in the district of Klien Dam, Pouderoyen, W.B.D. to
determine the effects of body mass index (BMI) on the Breathing Rate of Grade 10 and 11
students from WDSS.
This questionnaire also seeks to find out the causes, effects and solutions of unhealthy BMI’s.
This study is being carried out for the CSEC Human and Social Biology, a subject currently
being prepared for the CSEC examination which will be written May/June 2023. Please answer
these questions as honest as possible. (THIS IS NOT A TEST.) Put a tick in the blanks where
your answers correspond to and answer in lines where necessary. Information collected will be
kept confidential.
If you have any sort of difficulty or need further clarification. We can be contacted by 123-4567
Thank you advance for your co-operation.

Yours respectfully,
D.Singh
J.Dyall
K.Sukdeo,

14
1. What is your gender?

 Male
 Female

2. To what age range do you belong?

 11-18
 19-35
 36-55
 Above 56

3. To what religion do you belong to?

 Hinduism
 Islam
 Christianity
 Other

4. Which ethnic groups did you descend from?

 East Indian
 African
 Amerindian
 European
 Chinese
 Portuguese
 Mixed

5. What is your occupational status?

 Employed
 Unemployed
 Self-employed
 Retired

6. Body Mass Index (BMI) is a measure that uses your height and weight to work out if your
weight is healthy. Do you think your body mass index affect your health?

 Yes
 No

15
7. From your personal view, what are the causes of an unhealthy Body Mass Index (BMI)?

 Lack of exercise
 Poor diet
 Genetics
 Medical reasons

8. What are the effects of a high Body Mass Index (BMI)?

 Increase breathing
 Shorter lifespan
 Unable to do certain physical activities; running, walking faster than normal
 Increase risk of diseases such as cancer, diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure

Other: ___________________________________________________

9. How can an individual reduce an unhealthy Body Mass Index (BMI)?

 Exercise regularly
 Have a balanced diet
 Have regular check-ups
 Use of medication
 Surgery

Other: ________________________________________________

10. As a student at WDSS, what do you think are some issues face by students with an increase BMI?

 Depression
 Self-disapproval
 Lethargy
 Unable to engage in physical activities over long periods
 Loss of concentration in class and on studies

Other: __________________________________________

11. What is your BMI?

Formula: (BMI = Weight (kg)/ Height (m ) 2

Weight Height Body Mass Index (BMI)

16
12. What is your breathing rate?

Minute Breathing rate

(MIN)

17
 PRESENTATION OF DATA

BREATH
WEIGHT

HEIGHT

HEIGHT

(kg/m^2)

CATEG-

RATE
(m^2)

ORY
AGE

BMI

ING
M/F

(kg)
GR.

(m)
ID

1 11 15 F 43.6 1.51 2.28 19.12 Normal 22

2 11 15 F 68.18 1.59 2.53 27.97 Overweight 30
3 11 16 F 63.6 1.72 2.96 21.50 Normal 22
4 11 15 F 65.76 1.8 3.24 20.30 Normal 17
5 11 16 F 48.53 1.68 2.82 17.19 Underweight 18
6 11 16 F 41.72 1.53 2.34 17.82 Underweight 19
7 11 16 F 61.22 1.55 2.40 25.48 Overweight 20
8 11 15 F 52.15 1.68 2.82 18.48 Underweight 21
9 11 15 F 52.61 1.7 2.89 18.20 Underweight 20
10 11 16 F 58.96 1.57 2.46 23.93 Normal 16
11 11 16 F 39.46 1.59 2.53 15.61 Underweight 18
12 11 16 F 47.17 1.67 2.79 16.91 Underweight 22
13 11 15 F 57.14 1.7 2.89 19.77 Normal 18
14 11 15 F 31.75 1.6 2.56 12.40 Underweight 18
15 11 16 F 80.9 1.61 2.59 31.21 Obese 26
16 11 16 F 58.96 1.57 2.46 23.93 Normal 19
17 11 15 F 40.9 1.5 2.25 18.18 Underweight 19
18 11 17 F 68.03 1.57 2.46 27.60 Overweight 21
19 11 16 F 52.61 1.7 2.89 18.20 Underweight 20
20 11 17 F 41.72 1.53 2.34 17.82 Underweight 15
21 11 14 F 65.77 1.8 3.24 20.30 Normal 18
22 11 16 F 63.67 1.72 2.96 21.50 Normal 20
23 11 17 F 65.77 1.8 3.24 20.30 Normal 18
24 11 15 F 48.53 1.68 2.82 17.19 Underweight 19
25 11 16 F 41.77 1.53 2.34 17.82 Underweight 20
26 11 17 M 61.20 1.55 2.40 25.48 Overweight 17
27 11 16 M 52.14 1.68 2.82 18.48 Underweight 20
28 11 16 M 55.78 1.79 3.20 17.41 Underweight 21
29 11 15 M 87.07 1.84 3.39 25.72 Overweight 22
30 11 16 M 31.75 1.6 2.56 12.40 Underweight 18
31 11 16 M 57.14 1.7 2.89 19.77 Normal 19
32 11 15 M 48.98 1.67 2.79 17.56 Underweight 20
33 11 15 M 79.37 1.68 2.82 28.12 Overweight 16
34 11 16 M 68.13 1.55 2.45 27.60 Overweight 20
35 11 17 M 100 1.8 3.24 30.86 Obese 29
36 11 16 M 52.14 1.67 2.81 18.56 Underweight 21
37 11 17 M 50 1.68 2.82 17.72 Underweight 13
38 11 16 M 61.21 1.50 2.41 25.40 Overweight 19
39 11 15 M 65.76 1.88 3.23 20.36 Normal 16
40 11 17 M 79.37 1.68 2.82 28.12 Overweight 16
41 11 16 M 61.23 1.50 2.41 25.41 Overweight 20
42 11 16 M 115.9 1.73 2.99 38.72 Obese 26

18
43 11 16 M 87.07 1.84 3.39 25.72 Overweight 22
44 11 17 M 57.15 1.76 3.11 18.38 Normal 20
45 11 15 M 40.9 1.5 2.28 17.94 Underweight 19
46 11 15 M 68.18 1.59 2.53 26.97 Overweight 23
47 11 15 M 49.88 1.63 2.66 18.75 Normal 18
48 11 14 M 57.14 1.7 2.89 19.77 Normal 19
49 11 15 M 81.34 1.66 2.72 29.90 Overweight 26
50 11 16 M 39.46 1.59 2.53 15.61 Underweight 18

19
 Option D

Option C

Participants

Option B

Option A

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

FIGURE 1: BAR GRAPH SHOWING STUDENT’S PERSONAL VIEW, WHAT ARE THE
CAUSES OF AN UNHEALTHY BODY MASS INDEX (BMI)?

KEY
Lack of exercise 16 32%
Poor diet 5 10%
Genetics 13 26%
Medical reasons 16 32%

20
 A(24%)
B(20%)
C(36%)
D(20%)

FIGURE 2: PIE CHART SHOWING STUDENT’S PERSONAL VIEW, WHAT ARE THE
EFFECTS OF A HIGH BODY MASS INDEX (BMI)?

KEY
Increase breathing 12 24%
Shorter lifespan 10 20%
Unable to do certain physical 18 36%
activities; running, walking
faster than normal
Increase risk of diseases such 10 20%
as cancer, diabetes, heart
disease, high blood pressure

21
 Option E

Option D

Option C
Participants

Option B

Option A

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

FIGURE 3: BAR GRAPGH SHOWING STUDENT’S PERSONAL VIEW, HOW CAN AN

INDIVIDUAL REDUCE AN UNHEALTHY BODY MASS INDEX (BMI)?
KEY
Exercise regularly 15 30%
Have a balanced diet 10 20%
Have regular check-ups 5 10%
Use of medication 10 20%
Surgery 10 20%

22
 Option A
Option B
Option C
Option D
Option E

FIGURE 4: BAR GRAPGH SHOWING STUDENT’S PERSONAL VIEW, WHAT DO

YOU THINK ARE SOME ISSUES FACE BY STUDENTS WITH AN INCREASE BMI?
KEY
Depression 12 24%
Self-disapproval 8 16%
Lethargy 4 8%
Unable to engage in physical 11 22%
activities over long periods
Loss of concentration in class 15 30%
and on studies

23
 ANAYLSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
A total of fifty questionnaires were distributed and collected. Body Mass Index (BMI)

is a person's weight in kilograms (or pounds) divided by the square of height in meters (or feet).

A high BMI can indicate high body fatness. BMI screens for weight categories that may lead to

health problems, but it does not diagnose the body fatness or health of an individual. (Wikipedia:

J. John).

Graph one illustrates a simple bar graph which shows student’s personal view on the

matter of ‘what are the causes of an unhealthy body mass index (BMI)?’ 32% students choose

lack of exercise, 10% choose poor diet, 26% choose genetics and 31% choose medical reasons. It

was revealed by figure one (1) that most participants which was 32% choose lack of exercise,

this is because if you are not active enough, you do not use the energy provided by the food you

eat, and the extra energy you consume is stored by the body as fat. Graph one also revealed the

least chosen Option which amounted to 10% was poor diet, this was because most of the

participants were adolescents and they failed to realize that ‘snacky’ foods which is their diet

mostly consist of are very fatty foods.

24
 Graph two shows a pie chart concerning the matter of student’s personal view on ‘what

are the effects of a high body mass index (BMI)?’ 24% of students choose increase breathing,

20% choose shorter lifespan, 36% choose unable to do physical activities such as running,

walking faster than normal etc. and lastly 20% students choose increase risk of diseases such as

cancer, diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure. In figure two majority of the respondents

which amounted to 36% chose unable to do physical activities, since many of physical acts are

included in our daily routines many people think that this is a major factor that influences your

personal BMI. The least chosen option was shorter lifespan and increase risk of diseases which

each amounted to 20%. A high BMI will definitely shorten lifespan which in turn also supports

option D which is the increased risk in many diseases.

Figure three demonstrates a bar graph showing student’s personal view, on the topic ‘how

can an individual reduce an unhealthy body mass index (BMI)?’ 30% participants chose exercise

regularly, 20% choose have a balanced diet, 10% chose have regular check-ups, 20% chose use

of medication and lastly 20% choose surgery. Most participants choose having a balanced diet,

have regular check-ups and surgery. Participants choose having a balanced diet because A

healthy diet is a diet that maintains or improves overall health. A healthy diet provides the body

with essential nutrition: fluid, macronutrients such as protein, micronutrients such as vitamins,

and adequate fibre and food energy and therefore some studies show that BMI is positively

associated with the intake of protein. Other studies report that a high intake of carbohydrates or

fat is associated with a high BMI and obesity. Secondly, some medicines might affect your

body's metabolism. This causes your body to burn calories at a slower rate. Some medicines

might cause you to retain water. This makes you weigh more even if you don't put on extra fat.

Thirdly, depending on the type of surgery that you have had this can either affect you BMI

25
positively or negatively. Have regular check-ups is the least chosen option which amounted to

10% since, consumers do not gain enough (income) to have regular check-ups in Guyana.

Graph four exemplifies student’s views on the wide topic’ what do you think are some

issues face by students with an increase BMI?’ 24% students chose depression, 16% choose self-

disapproval, 8% choose lethargy, 22% chose unable to engage in physical activities over long

periods and 30% chose loss of concentration in class and on studies. Most students chose Loss of

concentration in class and on studies which amounted to 30%, since majority of our participants

was from The West Demerara Secondary School. The least chosen option was lethargy which

totalled to 8%. Lethargy is the lack of energy and enthusiasm to do day-to-day activities such as

bathing, combing one’s hair etc.

26
 CONCLUSION

In conclusion to the information that was analyzed above, BMI can cause a decrease in personal
academic performances which influences our mental health significantly. An unfavourable BMI
can be reduced by having a balanced diet, regular check-ups or surgery. Lack of exercise and
medical reasons can cause a high BMI. Lastly, the major effect of having a high BMI is that
individuals may find it difficult to do physical activities.

27
 RECOMMENDATION

Often times our weight is something that we are not happy about especially during adolescent
stage. Governments can create specialized programs to educate not only young people but also
the entire population about BMI and its causes and effects.

28
 REFLECTION

The researcher learnt that BMI can highly affect one’s mental health. She also learnt that BMI
Body mass index is a value derived from the mass and height of a person. The BMI is defined as
the body mass divided by the square of the body height, and is expressed in units of kg/m²,
resulting from mass in kilograms and height in metres.

29
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_mass_index

https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/downloads/bmiforpactitioners.pdf

https://www.livi.co.uk/your-health/5-simple-tips-for-a-healthy-bmi/

https://www.health.harvard.edu/

https://www.medicaldevice-network.com/

https://www.dreamstime.com/

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/

Biology for CSEC® Examinations 3rd Edition Student’s Book by L. Atwaroo-Ali, M.

Taylor

30
 APPENDIX

Dear respondent,

This is a questionnaire being carried out in the district of Klien Dam, Pouderoyen, W.B.D. to
determine the effects of body mass index (BMI) on the Breathing Rate of Grade 10 and 11
students from WDSS.
This questionnaire also seeks to find out the causes, effects and solutions of unhealthy BMI’s.
This study is being carried out for the CSEC Human and Social Biology, a subject currently
being prepared for the CSEC examination which will be written May/June 2023. Please answer
these questions as honest as possible. (THIS IS NOT A TEST.) Put a tick in the blanks where
your answers correspond to and answer in lines where necessary. Information collected will be
kept confidential.
If you have any sort of difficulty or need further clarification. We can be contacted by 123-4567
Thank you advance for your co-operation.

Yours respectfully,
D.Singh
J.Dyall
K.Sukdeo,

31
1. What is your gender?

 Male

 Female

2. To what age range do you belong?

 11-18
 19-35
 36-55
 Above 56

3. To what religion do you belong to?

 Hinduism
 Islam
 Christianity
 Other

4. Which ethnic groups did you descend from?

 East Indian
 African
 Amerindian
 European
 Chinese
 Portuguese
 Mixed

5. What is your occupational status?

 Employed
 Unemployed
 Self-employed
 Retired

6. Body Mass Index (BMI) is a measure that uses your height and weight to work out if your
weight is healthy. Do you think your body mass index affect your health?

 Yes
 No

32
7. From your personal view, what are the causes of an unhealthy Body Mass Index (BMI)?

 Lack of exercise
 Poor diet
 Genetics
 Medical reasons

8. What are the effects of a high Body Mass Index (BMI)?

 Increase breathing
 Shorter lifespan
 Unable to do certain physical activities; running, walking faster than normal
 Increase risk of diseases such as cancer, diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure

Other: ___________________________________________________

9. How can an individual reduce an unhealthy Body Mass Index (BMI)?

 Exercise regularly
 Have a balanced diet
 Have regular check-ups
 Use of medication
 Surgery

Other: ________________________________________________

10. As a student at WDSS, what do you think are some issues face by students with an increase BMI?

 Depression
 Self-disapproval
 Lethargy
 Unable to engage in physical activities over long periods
 Loss of concentration in class and on studies

Other: __________________________________________

11. What is your BMI?

Formula: (BMI = Weight (kg)/ Height (m ) 2

Weight Height Body Mass Index (BMI)

33
12. What is your breathing rate?

Minute Breathing rate

(MIN)

34
 The image above shows the formula for calculating BMI

The above image illustrates the different classes of BMI in both males and females

35
 Image showing an obese individual who lacks of exercise

Image illustrating what are healthy and unhealthy foods

36
The above image shows the a labelled diagram of the digestive system

37
 MARK SCHEME

Assessment Criteria Marks

Background/Overview /2
Problem Statement /2
Research Objectives /2
Methodology /8
Presentation of Data /5
Analysis and Interpretation of Data /5
Conclusion /2
Recommendations /4
Reflection /6
Overall Presentation /4
Total /40

38