CL REVIEWER
Man’s Last End
What are your dreams and goals, the compliments that you
wish to achieve in your life?
The Reports on the Ultimate Goal of a Catholic Christian
…All human actions must be for an end.
Reports on the Ultimate Goal of a Catholic Christian
● Mk. 10: 17 – 18
● Mt. 5: 13 – 16, 44 – 48
● 1 Cor. 9: 23 – 27
● 2 Tim. 4: 6 - 7
Mark 10:17-18
The Rich Man.
17 As he was setting out on a journey, a man ran up, knelt
before him, and asked him, “Good teacher, what must I do to
inherit eternal life?” 18 Jesus answered him, “Why do you call
me good? No one is good but God alone.
Matthew 5:44-48
44 But I say to you, love your enemies, and pray for those who
persecute you, 45 that you may be children of your heavenly
Father, for he makes his sun rise on the bad and the good, and
causes rain to fall on the just and the unjust. 46 For if you love
those who love you, what recompense will you have? Do not
the tax collectors do the same? 47 And if you greet your
brothers only, what is unusual about that? Do not the pagans do
the same? 48 So be perfect, just as your heavenly Father is
perfect.
1 Corinthians 9:24-27
24 Do you not know that the runners in the stadium all run in
the race, but only one wins the prize? Run so as to
win. 25 Every athlete exercises discipline in every way. They do
it to win a perishable crown, but we an imperishable
one. 26 Thus I do not run aimlessly; I do not fight as if I were
shadowboxing. 27 No, I drive my body and train it, for fear that,
after having preached to others, I myself should be disqualified.
2 Timothy 4:6-7
Reward for Fidelity.
6 For I am already being poured out like a libation, and the time
of my departure is at hand. 7 I have competed well; I have
finished the race; I have kept the faith.
The Sacred Teaching of the Reports on the Ultimate Goal of
a Catholic Christian
1. The Catholic Christian, like any human beings aims for
something that would make his/her life happy; these we call as
immediate goals.
Ex: Bright and Good Future
Study well – graduating college – trainings/experiences – good
job
It appears to be an endless conquest of goals that leads towards
human fulfillment and happiness. All of these goals are called
immediate goals.
2. The Catholic Christian mysteriously aims for that something
that would fill up his/her emptiness.
There is this unexplainable feeling in human person to seek for
something, as if the thing he/she is longing for will fill up the
void that is in him/her.
3. The Catholic Christian aims for a higher goal which we call
the ‘ultimate goal.’
Ultimate goal, because it serves as the “last aim/objective that
each person aspires.
4. The ‘ultimate goal’ of a Christian Catholic is God.
Man’s last end or ultimate goal is God. It is He who can only
fill up the emptiness in a human being.
5. To obtain the ‘ultimate goal,’ the Catholic Christian should
do all the means to have it.
Like any other goals, the ultimate goal can only be achieved if
one will do his/her best to obtain what he/she desires.
6. In the present life, to obtain the ‘ultimate goal’ is to let Christ
live in us.
In this life, the ultimate goal can be reached if, as St. Paul would
reveal, a Catholic Christian will let go of him/herself and let
Jesus Christ live in him/her.
Conscience
Conscience in the Sacred Scriptures
● In Sacred Scriptures, we find the word CONSCIENCE
(both in Hebrew and Greek) deals with “something that
resides in the deepest part of one’s heart.”
● It appears to be a Hebrew word lev (“heart,” translated in
Greek “kardia’)
Rom. 9: 1
“I speak the truth in Christ, I do not lie; my conscience joins
with the Holy Spirit in bearing me witness.”
1 Tim. 1: 5, 18 - 19
“The aim of this instruction is love from pure heart, a good
conscience, and a sincere faith.”
“I entrust this charge to you, Timothy, my child, in accordance
with the prophetic words once spoken about you. Through them
may you fight a good fight by having faith and good conscience.
Some, by rejecting conscience, have made a shipwreck of their
faith.
Old Testament
● The Hebrew word for conscience refers to the broader
term heart to refer to conscience whose work is to discern
right from wrong.
● It is not linked to the English term for feelings and
sentiments but refers generally to the inner self.
● It includes functions of thinking, judging, and willing (all
that comes within)
● OT emphasizes that the heart does well in making
judgments of right and wrong when enlightened by God, it
is wise. A good heart is a wise heart – it has God’s light, it
sees reality and it acts accordingly.
New Testament
● Similarly speaks of the mind renewed in Christ.
● Rom. 2: 14 – 16 shows that pagans can also sin for there is
law of nature, to which conscience testifies, written in
every heart
● Mentions conscience 30 time wherein man appeals to
conscience to behave correctly.
What is Conscience?
Etymological meaning:
● From the Latin word Conscientia, from the word
Conscient, meaning ‘being privy to’
● from the verb conscire
● Con = with
● Scire = to know
Definitions of Conscience:
● Conscience is a judgment of reason whereby the human
person recognizes the moral quality of a concrete act that
he is going to perform, is in the process of performing, or
has already completed.
● Conscience is a messenger of Him, who both in nature and
grace speaks to us behind a veil, and teaches and rules us
by His representatives. Conscience is the original Vicar of
Christ (CCC, 1778)
CONSCIENCE is our lived knowledge of good and evil, our
judgment about how we should act, and our commitment to do
so.

CONSCIENCE is the inner power which discerns and calls us

to do what is good and to avoid what is evil.

Roles of Conscience
● Investigate
● Judge
● Pass judgment on one’s
moral action

There are two important actions when we make choices out

of conscience:
● Our conscience determines whether the act is good or evil.
● Conscience is the final arbiter of our actions. (It is the final
decision-maker.)

Types of Conscience
1. Antecedent Conscience is a conscience that makes a
judgment on the morality of an action before a particular
action is performed.
2. Consequent Conscience evaluates an act already
committed or omitted.
3. Certain Conscience passes judgment without fear of
error.
4. Doubtful Conscience is the uncertainty about the morality
of an act.
5. Right Conscience presents good as good and evil as evil..
6. Erroneous Conscience is a mistaken judgment because it
judges something good to be evil, and something evil to be
good. (May spring from ignorance or malformation in
one’s childhood)