Contents. Biology and Geology 4.

º ESO
APPENDIX. Scientific work
BLOCK I ORIGIN, DYNAMICS AND HISTORY OF THE EARTH
UNIT CONTENT FINAL SECTIONS

1 Earth in the 1. T
 he origin of the Universe Revision activities
Universe 2. C
 haracteristics and components of the Solar System Science practical
3. O
 rigin of the Earth and layer differentiation Detecting exoplantes with the transit method
4. T
 he changing surface of the Earth
Work on your key competences
5. E
 xternal geological hazards
Is there a planet B in the solar system?

2 Plate tectonics 1. S
 tudying the internal structure of Earth Revision activities
2. G
 eochemical and geodynamic Earth models Science practical
3. T
 he origins of plate tectonics Testing a scientific hypothesis: Hot spots
4. T
 ypes of plate boundaries and their movements
Work on your key competences
5. I nternal geological hazards
Where the Earth trembles

3 The history of Earth 1. T he changing Earth Revision activities

2. C
 alculating geological time: Dating Science practical
3. F
 ossils A timeline of the Phanerozoic eon
4. A
 bsolute dating
Work on your key competences
5. T
 he great divisions of the Earth’s history
Mass extinctions

PROJECT I The Earth: home of life

BLOCK II ORIGIN, MAINTENANCE AND EVOLUTION OF LIFE
4 The origin of life 1. W
 hat is life? Revision activities
2. T
 he origin of life Science practical
3. F
 Irst living things Simulating the formation of coacervates
4. C
 onditions that make the Earth habitable
Work on your key competences
5. A
 strobiology
Science-fiction

5 Cells 1. P
 arts of a cell and their functions Revision activities
2. T
 ypes of cells Science practical
3. P
 rokaryotic cells Under the microscope: observing the phases
4. E
 ukaryotic cells of mitosis
5. T
 he cell cycle
Work on your key competences
6. C
 ell division
Cell modelling

6 Molecular genetics 1. N
 ucleic acids Revision activities
2. D
 NA Science practical
3. G
 ene expression DNA extraction
4. T
 he genetic code
Work on your key competences
5. G
 enetic engineering
The Human Genome and ENCODE projects
 UNIT CONTENT FINAL SECTIONS

7 Biological 1. G
 enetics Revision activities
inheritance 2. M
 endel’s laws Science practical
3. A
 lterations to Mendel’s laws Studying the distribution of a quantitative
4. C
 hromosomes and inheritance trait
5. S
 ex inheritance
Work on your key competences
6. A
 pplications of inheritance laws
Individual traits and hyman diversity

8 Human genetics 1. T
 he human karyotype Revision activities
2. M
 utations Science practical
3. E
 volutionary significance of genetic variation Making a karyotype
4. G
 enetic disorders
5. C
 ongenital malformations Work on your key competences
6. D
 iagnosis of genetic diseases Cancer and the environment

9 Evolution of life 1. F
 rom the first cell to biodiversity Revision activities
2. T
 he process of evolution Science practical
3. E
 volutionary theories Building a phylogenetic tree
4. E
 vidence of evolution
5. T
 he appearance of humans Work on your key competences
6. P
 hylogenetic trees Timeline

PROJECT II Sequence analysis and evolution

BLOCK III ECOSYSTEMS, ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY
10 The structure 1. E
 cosystems Revision activities
and dynamics of 2. E
 nvironmental factors Science practical
ecosystems 3. A
 daptations of living things Calculating the size of a population
4. R
 elationships between structure and function
5. P
 opulations and their dynamics
6. C
 ommunities and their dynamics
7. M
 atter and energy in ecosystems Work on your key competences
8. E
 cosystem productivity Adaptaciones de los organismos

11 Environment and 1. The impact of human activities Revision activities

sustainability 2. P
 ollution Science practical
3. T
 he overexploitation of resources Lichens as indicators of atmospheric pollution
4. L
 oss of biodiversity
5. T
 he energy problem
6. W
 aste management Work on your key competences
7. S
 ustainability Calculating the ecological footprint

PROJECT III The environment of my neighbourhood