GRAMMAR

NOTES
AND
EXERCISES

ENGLISH- ESO 2
 -Adverbs of frequency
-Every day / week/ month/ year
- once/twice/three times a day / week …
PRESENT SIMPLE
- from time to time
(HABITUAL ACTION)
- daily

AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE

I/you/we/they play I/you/we/they/don’t play Do I /we/you/they play?
He, she, it plays He,she, it doesn’t play Does he/she/it play?
3RD PERSON –S SPELLING

So, to understand the

difference I have to
think:
habitual action or
ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY happening now?
Before the verb/ After to be

PRESENT CONTINUOUS Now, right now

(ACTION HAPPENING NOW) at the moment, this minute
at present
just now
Look!, Listen!....

I am (not) going am I going?

you /we/they/are/aren’t going are you/we/they going?
he/she/it is/isn’t going is he/she/it going?

-ING SPELLING RULES

-verbs ending in 1vowel+1 consonant, (except –w,-x,-y),double the consonant: swim- swimming.
-verbs ending in -e, remove the -e.
-2 syllable verbs:
a) if the 2nd syllable is stressed, double the consonant: admit-admitting.
b) 2nd syllable not stressed: visit-visiting (Except verbs ending in –l) travel-travelling

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A. First, read the sentences and choose a verb from the box for each one. Then, underline the time
expressions in the sentence that let you know if it is present simple or continuous.
Finally write it correctly

1. Shhh!!!The baby _____________________ a. Paint

2. My sisters ______________ the fence at the moment. b. Take
3. My aunt usually ____________tea. c. have
4. They ________________ volleyball today. d. Drink
5. We often________________ to work. e. work
6. Ayşen _________________a party tonight. f. not do
7. Sally ________________ shopping every weekend. g. drive
8. They ________ still __________ photos. h. give
9. ___________ they ____________ in the dining room now? i. have lunch
10. ____________ the students often ___________ football? j. Sleep
11. The children _____________ an exam right now. k. make
12. Listen!The car ___________ l. play
13. Homer and I sometimes ________________ to pop-music. m. not play
14. Our grandma rarely _____________ a cake. n. listen

B. Write the 3rd person and the –ing

C. ASK QUESTIONS ABOUT THE UNDERLINED WORDS.
forms
1. Peter goes to Madrid at the weekend.
1.Wash
……………………………………………………………
2.Eat
2. They are watching the game.
3.Play
……………………………………………………………
4.Study
3. Jane makes her bed at 9:00.
5.Watch
……………………………………………………………
6.Meet
4. Ann is my sister.
7.Stay in
……………………………………………………………
8.Get up
5. She isn´t going out because it is raining.
9.Practise
……………………………………………………………
10.Drink
6. It costs 30 pounds.
11.Go out
…………………………………………………………….
12.Go shopping
13.Speak 7. Peter lives near the supermarket..
…………………………………………………………….
14.Tidy
8. Jane is going by bus to school tomorrow.
15.Make
……………………………………………………………
16.Swim

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 COMPLETE THE SENTENCES USING THE VERBS IN BRACKETS
IN THE PRESENT SIMPLE OR THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS.

1. Tina usually _________ (drink) coffee but today she ___________ (have) a cup of tea.
2. Alan _________ (like) playing chess but right now he _________ (play) cards with his nephew.
3. John and his mother _______ (come) back from the supermarket. They have bought a lot of
things.
4. Tina always _________ (do) the ironing on Saturday mornings.
5. Ted ______________ (not often/ read) the paper. Today he _________ it because there is an
article about the company he ______ (work) for.
6. Ana _________ for the bus. She _________ (go) to a meeting.
7. Sandra _________ (wear) a raincoat today because it’s likely to rain.
8. Bill _____________ (sit) in his armchair. He ____________ (not watch) TV. He _________
(read) the newspaper.
9. Peter ____________ (go) to a meeting and he´s late.
10. Look! Sophie _____________ (run) very fast. She _________ (go) jogging every morning.
11. Paul _________ (work) as an architect. Now he _________ (draw) the plan of a new building
12. Lisa isn’t at home. She _________ (have) a walk with her dog.
13. This evening Fred and Lara _________ (have) dinner at a new restaurant.
14. Ted _________ (work) as a mechanic. At the moment he ________ (repair) my car.
15. Tom always _________ (have) lunch at 12:30.
16. Bill _________ (feed) his cat twice a day.
17. Look! Dave _________ (run) to catch the bus
18. My brother _________ (go) to the gym every weekend.
19. I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ my hands because they’re dirty. (wash)
20. Tracy _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ rock star posters. (collect)
21. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ the tomatoes for spaghetti? (cut, you)
22. My dad _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ the plants in the garden at the moment. (water, not)
23. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ resting on a hammock? (like, you)
24. My mum _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ my uniform skirt now. (iron)
25. I never _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ coffee after seven in the afternoon. (drink)
26. We _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ our grandparents very often, at least once a week. (visit)
27. What _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ before she _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for school? (do, Molly, leave)
28. Greg and I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ a kite in the playground right now. (fly, not)
29. Jack ________ (play) baseball with his friend at the moment.
30. Kim usually ________ (read) books in the evening.
31. Tom always ________ (go) to bed at eight o’clock.
32. At the moment Ann _______ (shout) at the players.
33. Paul and Kate never ______ (get) to school on time.
34. _____ Peter _____ (talk) on the phone? No, ______ (try) to open the door.
35. Today Mrs. Baker and her husband ______ (have) a meeting with their lawyer.
36. Tom always ______ (make) delicious pizzas
37. Jane _____ (sell) lemonade in the school yard now.
38. Peter seldom ______ (go) fishing in the lake.
39. Chris always ______ (study) hard for the tests.
40. Mr. Jones always ______ (take) photos of everything he sees.

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PAST SIMPLE PAST CONTINUOUS (actions in progress in the past;
(completed actions in the past, we know when they interrupted actions, to give complementary
happened) information or a background action: They were
wearing hats/ the sun was shining)
Affirmative: Regular verb: add –ed /irregular verb: Was, were+ verb.+ ing.
study the list ☺!! REMEMBER!
Negative: didn’t+verb in the infinitive Am is = was
Interrogative: did+ subj.+ verb in the infinitive. Are = were
Yesterday, period of time+ ago, last summer, in + past year

PAST SIMPLE OR CONTINUOUS?

1. I (drive) my new car when I (have) the accident.

2. She (walk) down the street when she (trip) on the pavement.

3. They (not see) me because they (talk) to each other.

4. I (have) a shower so I (not hear) the phone.

5. We (walk) in the mountains when we (hear) a piercing scream.

6. They (have) so much fun at the party, they (decide) to stay.

5
7. When the teacher (arrive), they (play) at the back of the classroom.

8. While I (have) a drink in the cafe, I (see) an accident outside.

9. What (you/ do) when the telephone (ring)?

10. Why (you /run) when I (see) you the other day?

11. Last night I (watch) 'Operacion Triunfo' on TV when the lights (go)off.

12. I (not see)you when you (call) me , a big lorry (drive) between us when you (say) my name

13. As we (sleep) last night , we (hear) an incredible noise.

14. I am not guilty. I (play) golf while the crime (take)place. What you (do) when I (ring) you up last week.

15. As we (walk) in the park yesterday, we (hear) the explosion from the Columbia.

16. What you (say) when the teacher (ask) you about the Roman Empire ? I (not answer) because I

(look) out of the window.

6
 LEARN HOW TO PRONOUNCE THE FINAL -ED IN REGULAR VERBS.
READ CAREFULLY, DO THE EXERCISE AND THEN PRACTISE IN CLICK AND LEARN

1. Use /t/ after unvoiced final
sounds
f, k, p, s, tʃ (ch), ʃ (sh), θ (th)
look - looked (t) push - pushed (t)
ask - asked (t) watch - watched (t)
help - helped(t) dress - dressed (t)
2. Use /d/ after voiced final sounds 3. Use / id/ after
b, g, ᴣ(j), l, m, n, ŋ, r, ð(th), v, z, + vowels final /d/ and /t/
sob - sobbed (d) roam - roamed (d) /id/ adds an extra syllable
believe - believed (d) judge - judged (d) need - needed (id)
fill - filled (d) enjoy - enjoyed (d) wait – waited (id)

FINAL -ED. CHOOSE THE CORRECT SOUND FOR EACH UNDERLINED -ED BELOW.

① [ t ] marked /markt/ ② [ d ] hugged /h\gd/ ③ [ \d ] painted /peynt\d/

①●③ Ex.1. love / loved 21. play / played ①②③

①②● Ex. 2. repeat / repeated 22. watch / watched ①②③

①②③ 1. dish / dished 23. page / paged ①②③

①②③ 2. like / liked 24. walk / walked ①②③

①②③ 3. add / added 25. depend / depended ①②③

①②③ 4. laugh / laughed 26. fax / faxed ①②③

①②③ 5. stop / stopped 27. bug / bugged ①②③

①②③ 6. rub / rubbed 28. kiss / kissed ①②③

①②③ 7. end / ended 29. believe / believed ①②③

①②③ 8. mix / mixed 30. dance / danced ①②③

①②③ 9. box / boxed 31. ask / asked ①②③

①②③ 10. call / called 32. part / parted ①②③

①②③ 11. study / studied 33. date / dated ①②③

①②③ 12. point / pointed 34. decide / decided ①②③

①②③ 13. stay / stayed 35. enjoy / enjoyed ①②③

①②③ 14. present / presented 36. investigate / investigated ①②③

①②③ 15. marry / married 37. romance / romanced ①②③

①②③ 16. work / worked 38. dream / dreamed ①②③

①②③ 17. dress / dressed 39. pat / patted ①②③

①②③ 18. create / created 40. wage / waged ①②③

①②③ 19. talk / talked 41. finish / finished ①②③

①②③ 20. continue / continued 42. wait / waited ①②③

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Childhood memories.

When I was younger, I used to

cry a lot, I used to play hopscotch
and I used to eat a lot of
chocolate ice cream.
When I was younger, I used to
Sarah play with my toys, I used to play with a
Used to indicates tricycle and I used to draw nice pictures
something that happened
regularly in the past, but
doesn’t happen now.

Peter

Use ‘used to’ in these sentences:

1. Last year I lived in Paris, but now I live in Rome.
I -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. He had a lot of money, but now he doesn’t.
He ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. Peter stopped playing the guitar two years ago. Now he plays the violin.
Peter -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. He went to the cinema regularly, but now he doesn’t.
He ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. When I was a boy, I always ate sweets.
I ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6. When Sarah was a child, she bit her nails.
Sarah ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7. We got into the habit of swimming every day before breakfast.
We --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8. There were some trees here, but now there aren’t any.
There -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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2. Write a paragraph about how your everyday habits now are different I used to love skateboarding but now I
from the past. ride BMX bikes: I didn’t use to eat
Answer these questions and look at the example: healthy food or keep fit, but now I do.
• What do you do now that you didn’t use to do before? I made these changes because I take
• What don’t you do now that you used to do? part in BMX competitions and I want
• Why did you make a change? to do well. These days I feel strong
• What are the results of the change? and proud as I came second in my
last event

PARAGRAPH ABOUT HABITS NOW AND BEFORE (Ex.2, page 8)

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
PAST SIMPLE: REMEMBER
________________________________________________________________________
AFFIRMATIVE: You have to write the verb in the past, if it is regular add -ed, if it is irregular, use the list.
________________________________________________________________________
EXAMPLES: I studied yesterday- I went to the funfair last week
________________________________________________________________________
NEGATIVE: use didn’t before the verb IN INFINITIVE
EXAMPLES: I didn’t study yesterday- I didn’t go to the funfair last week
________________________________________________________________________
INTERROGATIVE: Use did at the beginning of the sentence and then the verb IN THE INFINITIVE
________________________________________________________________________
EXAMPLES: Did you study yesterday?- Did you go to the funfair last week?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

REMEMBER
AM, IS ……….WAS
ARE……………WERE

SOME EXPRESSIONS YOU MUST NOW

Yesterday
The day before yesterday
A week/a year/ a month…(any period of time) + ago
Long ago
Last weekend/summer/Saturday/week… ALWAYS WRITE
In + year THE SUBJECT;
When I was a baby/ child/young WHO DID THIS?

• ADJECTIVES BEFORE NOUNS

• ? ! ONLY AT THE END
- ALWAYS CAPITAL LETTERS IN:
- I
- MONHS, DAYS, NATIONALITIES, LANGUAGES

9
1. PRACTISE TRANSLATING THESE SENTENCES WITH REGULAR VERBS. PAY ATTENTION TO SPELLING.
1- Cuando era un niño jugaba al baloncesto

2- ¿Estudiaste en la universidad?

3- No planifiqué mis exámenes y suspendí.

4- ¿Escuchaste música ayer?

5- Ella no caminó hasta el colegio

6- El autobús paró delante de mi casa

7- Nosotros nos mudamos a Londres cuando yo tenía 10 años.

8- Terminé el ejercicio hace cinco minutos

2.NOW, USE IRREGULAR VERBS:

1- Ellos no vinieron a tiempo pero yo hice el examen ayer

2- ¿Tenías un perro cuando eras un niño?

3- Ella se puso de pie y dijo adiós hace una hora

4- Mi abuela hizo una tarta de chocolate y olía muy bien

5- Él no leyó el libro la semana pasada

6- Construyeron un puente nuevo hace dos años.

7- ¿Barriste la cocina? No, estoy cansado porque no dormí muy bien la noche pasada

10
 3.TRANSLATE INTO SPANISH
1- Este evento tiene lugar cada año en invierno

2- Normalmente, hay mucha gente en este festival

3- Es uno de los festivales más importantes de la ciudad.

4- Hoy en día se ha convertido en un importante evento

5- Puedes participar en el festival disfrazándote o trabajando de voluntario.

6- Puedes donar dinero a la caridad también.

7- El año pasado fui al festival de música

8- Había muchos artistas en el escenario

9- Para ser sincero, no me gustó la comida. Era realmente asquerosa.

10- Participé en un concurso de disfraces. Fue extremadamente divertido.

11- Comer pulpo es tradicional en San Froilán

12- Hay muchas atracciones en la feria

13- Este festival comenzó hace 20 años.

14- Actuaron muchos cantantes famosos, la gente aplaudía mucho.

11
 AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE QUESTIONS
I am going to play. I am not going to watch TV. Am I going to swim?
You are going to play. You aren’t going to watch TV. Are you going to swim?
He is going to play. He isn’t going to watch TV. Is he going to swim?
She is going to play. She isn’t going to watch TV. Is she going to swim?
It is going to play. It isn’t going to watch TV. Is it going to swim?
We are going to play. We aren’t going to watch TV. Are we going to swim?
You are going to play. You aren’t going to watch TV. Are you going to swim?
They are going to play. They aren’t going to watch TV. Are they going to swim?

Use: Time words: tomorrow, next week, soon

1. Plans: I’m going to visit Spain this summer.
2. Proof something is going to happen: Look out! You are going to drop the
glass.

AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE QUESTIONS

I will play. I won’t watch TV. Will I swim?
You will play. You won’t watch TV. Will you swim?
He will play. He won’t watch TV. Will he swim?
She will play. She won’t watch TV. Will she swim?
It will play. It won’t watch TV. Will it swim?
We will play. We won’t watch TV. Will we swim?
You will play. You won’t watch TV. Will you swim?
They will play. They won’t watch TV. Will they swim?

Use:
1. After: I think, I hope, I doubt, I’m sure, I’m afraid etc.
2. I decide now: I’ll answer the phone
3. Prediction in the future: In 2054 we will live on other planets.
4. A promise. I won’t tell anyone, I promise.
5. Offer to help: I’ll carry your bag for you.

12
 PRACTISE THE FUTURE
1. WRITE IN THE FUTURE USING 2. WRITE USING BE GOING TO
WILL/WON’T
1. He / buy a car.
1. Harry / cause / trouble
Positive:
Negative: 2. They / paint the house.
Question:
2. you / copy / the homework
Positive: 3. We / go to bed.
Negative:
Question:
3. the clouds / disappear 4. It / rain
Positive:
Negative:
Question: 5. She / have a bath.
4. he / marry / his girlfriend
Positive:
Negative: 6. You / play the piano.
Question:

5. the snowman / melt

Positive:
Negative:
Question:
3. BE GOING TO - QUESTIONS
6. the people / panic 1. Where / we / eat tonight.
Positive:
Negative:
Question: 2. What / he / do tomorrow.

3. Who / carry the shopping for me.

4. What time / you / phone me.

MORE PRACTICE
http://www.isabelperez.com/happy/tenses/exercises/wi
ll_1.htm 5. When / you / give me a present.
http://www.isabelperez.com/happy/tenses/exercises/wi
ll_3.htm
http://www.isabelperez.com/happy/tenses/exercises/go
ing_1.htm 6. How much longer / it / take.
http://www.isabelperez.com/happy/tenses/exercises/go
ing_3.htm

13
A. FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH THE WORDS INTO BRACKETS USING WILL OR BE GOING TO.
1. It’s obvious that we _________________________________(not win) the cup next weekend because
we lost the semifinal last term!
2. ____________________________________(the girl’s team/ win) the national competition next
month? I hope so, but let’s wait and see.
3. I’m not sure but I think you _________________(be) surprised.
4. I know that we ______________________________________(have) homework in the holidays
because our teacher told us yesterday
5. I predict that we (do) ___________________________very well in our exams and that the teacher
_________________(be) very pleased. How do I know? I don’t, it’s just a feeling!
6. In the future I think that every student ______________________(have) a laptop to use in class
7. You _____________________________________(not go) to the cinema because you are broke!
8. __________I ( get) good marks this year? Who knows? Maybe! Of course, I _______________ (try)
9. I know I _______________(not have) any problems but I’m not sure I __________ (arrive) on time.
10. My brother ______________________ (be) 45 in October.
11. - The phone is ringing and I’m in the shower!
- Don’t worry Mark, I _______________________ (answer) for you.
12. James Jones ______________________________(probably / become) the next President.
13. Mum is unemployed but she ____________________________________________ (not / apply) for
that job because it isn’t well-paid.
14. I’m so excited! We ____________________________________ (move) to a bigger house next month.
15. My parents _______________________________ (be) very proud, I have passed all the exams.
16. I think my sister __________________________________________ (pass) the exam, she has studied
very hard so far.
17. I ______________________________________ (take) the kids to the mountains this winter.
18. There isn’t any milk left in the fridge
- I know, I __________________________________ (do) the shopping this afternoon.
19. There isn’t any milk left in the fridge
- Oh sorry!, I __________________________________ (give) you some juice instead.
20. Look at the clouds, it _____________________________________ (rain); you should take an
umbrella!
21. There’s a knock at the door; that __________________________ (be) the postman.
22. It’s 11:00pm; I think I ___________________________________ (go) to bed now.
23. She _______________________________________ (meet) them at 6:00pm.
24. Perhaps your sister________________________(go)with you to the doctor
25. Look! Pam___________________(jump) into the swimmimg pool.

14
 FIRST CONDITIONAL
REMEMBER: CONDITION+ RESULT ( PRESENT SIMPLE+ FUTURE WITH WILL)
1. FINISH THESE SENTENCES WITH YOUR OWN IDEAS
1. I’ll be very happy if________________________
2. I won’t win the match if I __________________________
3. If I win the lottery______________________
4. If you don’t save money you_______________________
5. Unless it rains, we_________________________
6. I won’t go to your party unless you_________________
7. If my parents buy me a new phone, ____________________________

2. WRITE FIRST CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

1) If I (go) out tonight, I (go) to the cinema.

2) If you (get) back late, I (be) angry.

3) We (see) each other next week if we (not/see) each other tomorrow

4) If he (come) , I (be) surprised.

5) We(be) late, if we (wait) here

6) If we (go) on holiday this summer, we (go) to Spain.

7) If the weather (not/improve) , we(not/have) a picnic.

8) I (be) tired tomorrow if I (not/go) to bed early

9) If we (eat) all this cake, we(feel) sick.

15
10) If you (not/want) to go out, I (cook) dinner at home.

11) I (come) early, if you (want).

12) They (go) to the party if they (be) invited.

13) She (stay) in London if she (get) a job.

14) He (not/get) a better job if he (not/pass) that exam.

15) I (buy) a new dress if I (have) enough money.

16) She (cook) dinner if you(go) to the supermarket.

17) They (go) on holiday if they (have) time.

18) We (be) late if we (not/hurry).

19) She(take) a taxi if it (rain).

20) I (not/go) if you (not/come) with me.

CRAZY CONDITIONALS! LET’S MAKE A CHAIN AND THEN JOIN THE FIRST
CONDITION WITH THE LAST RESULT! FOLLOW THE CHAIN…
If it is hot, we will go to the beach
If we go to the beach, we’ll swim in the sea
If we swim in the sea………………

16
 PRESENT PERFECT
PRESENT PERFECT (equivale a nuestro pretérito perfecto comp.: he cantado, has jugado….)
USE - Talking about a past experience (hablamos de una experiencia que hemos hecho en algún momento
(¿Para qué se de nuestra vida, sin especificar cuándo)
usa, en qué “I have read that book”, “He has rowed in a kayak” (ha remado en un kayak)
circunstancias?) - Talking about something that happened at an unspecified time in the recent past or it is
still true now. (no se especifica cuándo)
“I have lived in London for 5 years”(he vivido en Londres durante 5 años), (y a lo mejor
aún vive en Londres)

FORM HAVE/HAS +PAST PARTICIPLE (es decir, have siempre, menos con HE, SHE, IT, que sería HAS y se
añade el participio, que es la 3ª columna de los verbos irregulares, o en -ed los regulares)
- I have worked here since September (since=desde)
- Have you worked here since September? (yes, I have/No, I haven’t)
- I haven’t worked here since September
EXPRESSIONS 1. I have just finished this book ( Acabo de terminar este libro)
(lo que veis en 2. I have already done my homework (Ya he hecho mis deberes)
negrilla en los 3. I haven’t eaten yet (No he comido aún)
ejemplos, son 4. Have you eaten yet? (¿has comido ya?)
expresiones
típicas del 5. Have you ever been to London? (¿Alguna vez has ido/estado a/en Londres?
present perfect) 6. I have never won a prize (Nunca he ganado un premio)
7. How long have you stayed there? (¿Cuánto tiempo te has quedado allí?)

A. MAKE SENTENCES IN THE PRESENT PERFECT

1) I / study / French)

2) (She /not eat / octopus)

3) (They / go / to Scotland?)

4) (We / not read / that book)

5) (He / live / here for three years)

6). (We /not be / here for two weeks)

7) (I / lose / my keys)

8) (He / drink / too much coffee?)

17
B. COMPLETE WITH JUST, ALREADY, YET, EVER, NEVER , HOW LONG and TRANSLATE INTO SPANISH.
1. Do you want to watch this movie? No, I've _________seen it twice.

2. I haven't tried lobster____________.

3. Have you finished your homework ___________? Yes, I have.

4. Oh no, look! Our bus has_____________ left! We are late!!

5. She has _________________been in London before; she is very happy to go and visit the city for the first
time!

6. _______________has the journey taken? About 6 hours.

7. Have you______________eaten sushi or is this your first time? No, I haven’t!

LINKS TO PRACTISE THE FORM

http://www.isabelperez.com/happy/tenses/exercises/present_perfect_2.htm
http://www.isabelperez.com/happy/tenses/exercises/present_perfect_mistakes.htm
https://agendaweb.org/exercises/verbs/present-perfect-sentences
https://agendaweb.org/exercises/verbs/present-perfect-mixed

18
 PAST SIMPLE AND PRESENT PERFECT
Past Simple Present Perfect
For actions that happened and finished in the past For actions which started in the past and continue up
to now
For actions that happened in the past and we know For actions that happened in the past but we don’t
exactly when know the exact time
With yesterday, then, ago, last night/week …, in With for, since, ever, never, yet, already, so far, how
2001.. long…

A. COMPLETE WITH THE CORRECT TENSE

1. ……………….Helen ever ……………………. (try) sushi?
2. ………………… you ……………………….. (go) to the wedding last night?
3. I ……………….. never …………………………(be) to Paris.
4. This year I ………………….………… (travel) to Athens 3 times so far.
5. Paul and Judith …………………………………(be) married since 1998.
6. …………… you ………………………….(finish) your homework yet?
7. Last night aunt Betty …………………………..(come) by. She ………………………(tell) us that this summer they are
going to Hawaii.
8. I ……………………………….(visit) many different countries so far. Last summer I ………………………..(go) to Italy
and 3 years ago I …………………………(be) in Spain. I ……………………………………(not/visit) Germany yet.

9. I……………………(come) here in 2007.

10. …………………..you ……………………(watch) the film E.T. yesterday?
11. They…………………… already ………………………..(leave) the train station.
12. How long ………………….. you ………………………..(know) Jonathan?

B. CHOOSE THE CORRECT TENSE AND COMPLETE

1. They ...........… already …………………. (call) her.

2. Jack …………………... (finish) work an hour ago.
3. Mandy………………………. (go) to the bank. She’s not here now.
4. Paul ……………………. (leave) school ten minutes ago.
5. They …………………………(go) shopping the other day.
6. Her sister ………………………………… (lose) her glasses.
7. Sally ………………………….. (not go) home after dinner.
8. Michael …………………………….. (visit) some poor children.
9. The boy …………………………………… (speak) to us.
10. We …………………….………. (visit) our relatives last Friday.

19
C. Right or wrong? (if wrong, correct the sentence):

1. Somebody has broken the window.

2. She won two Oscars.

3. They ate Chinese food last week.

4. Bob finished his work.

5. We have written a test on Monday.

D. And in Spanish?

1. Ayer estudié historia

2. Terminé los deberes

3. ¿Viste a tu primo el verano pasado?

4. ¿Viste a tu primo?

5. Acabo de entender esta norma gramatical

6. ¿Acabaste los ejercicios?

7. ¿Entendiste los ejercicios ayer?

8. ¿Alguna vez suspendiste un examen?

9. Nunca me gustaron las matemáticas

10. Ya terminé.

20
 MODALS
1. They always have the same form: (NO –s, NO –ing): She can swim
2. Followed by infinitive without “to”. I could speak English when I was 10
3. In the negative, we add “not”. You mustn’t eat in the library
4. In interrogative we change the order. Should I study more? (except HAVE TO where we use DO/DOES)
5. They don’t have all the tenses:
PAST PRESENT FUTURE
So, how can we
express them in COULD CAN WILL BE ABLE TO+ INFINITIVE
the past or in
the future? HAD TO MUST WILL HAVE TO +INFINITIVE

1. CAN/CAN’T; COULD/COULDN’T; BE ABLE TO; MUST/MUSTN’T; HAVE TO/DON’T HAVE TO;

SHOULD/SHOULDN’T

1. ___________I ask a question?

2. Pay attention, you ________sleep in the classroom. That’s a rule. PERMISSION OR REQUEST:
3. People _________ litter the streets. It’s forbidden.
4. _______ anybody help me? I’m lost. POLITE REQUEST:
5. Please, ___________you close the window? I’m cold.
6. Children ___________ smoke. It isn’t healthy. ABILITY:
7. Peter________relax. He has already done his homework.
8. You _________ cheat during a test. That’s a bad idea. OBLIGATION:
9. No, you _________ eat in the living room! Go to the kitchen, please!
10. Elise _________ drive, she is only 15 years old. PROHIBITION:
11. Mike _________ run. If he doesn’t run, he will be late for school.
12. _________ I go to the bathroom, please? ADVICE:
13. Children __________ watch too much TV; it’s not good for them.
14. You __________ drink. You are under age. It’s the law. NO NEED TO DO SOMETHING:
15. You have a fever. I think you ____________ stay in bed.
16. ________I possibly borrow your car?
17. I have never ____________climb a tree.
18. Next June, she___________pass all her subjects if she studies hard.
19. In my opinion, they_____ arrive on time to work if they don’t want to be fired.
20. They_____ wear a uniform, it’s not obligatory.
21. When I was 5, I _____ walk, but I ______ swim.

2.NOW CHOOSE THE CORRECT FORM

1. You mustn’t/don’t have to study law to be a forensic scientist.

2. I must/mustn’t spend some time with my parents. I haven’t seen them for ages.
3. We mustn’t/don’t have to commit crimes.
4. You must/have to take the passport for travelling to South Africa.
5. I couldn’t / mustn’t swim when I was 5 years old.
6. You must/could check your answers for avoiding errors.
7. I had to/could drink water, but I couldn’t/didn’t have to drink beer.

21
 TALKING ABOUT RULES:
Complete the sentences with CAN/CAN’T or HAVE/HAS TO. Pay attention to meaning!
’
I’m sorry! You ………………. use your
mobile in the classroom. You
………………… ………go outside to use it.
Students …..………. come to school
for an exam without revising. They
……………... be prepared and
confident.
We …………. make faces in the
classroom. We ………….. be
respectful and polite.
Your brother ....... invite his
rock group to play at the party,
but he ………….…. stop singing now.
CAN/CAN’T and HAVE TO
A student ………. ask a question
during the lecture but he/she
………..………. raise his hand.
Tourists ………. take photos in the
museum. They ………. ……..leave their
cameras at the front desk.
You ………. eat or drink in the
classroom. You ……….. wait for the
break.
A player …….…… throw the
ball in bowling. He …………….
roll the ball.
22
A football player ……….. head the
ball into the net and score a goal.
He ….. .………be a good player to do
that.
A tennis player ……….. throw the
ball . He …………..hit it with a
racket.
No one ……….park in areas not
marked for parking. Drivers
……………be attentive.
You ……………. go to bed earlier
because you ……………. sleep in the
classroom.
 ALLOW SOMEBODY TO DO SOMETHING- I ALLOW YOU TO GO TO THE TOILET
SUBJECT+ BE ALLOWED+ TO DO SOMENTHING- I AM ALLOWED TO GO TO THE TOLIET

1.COMPLETE WITH BE ALLOWED TO

1. In class, we __________________________chew gum.
2. In a museum, people ___________________________take pictures.
3. At the cinema, people _______________________________smoke.
4. Karen ____________________go out if she doesn’t finish her homework.
5. You _____________________________watch TV late after 11 p.m. tonight because tomorrow is Sunday.
6. I _____________________ go out with my friends late only at weekends.
7. Kevin __________________play video games after doing his homework.
8. Your children _________________________play in the street until 5.00 pm.

2. MAKE SENTENCES WITH ALLOW TO

1. My parents / me/ go out with my friends at the weekend.

2. The doctor/ my grandfather/ not drink wine

3. your parents/ you / stay out late?

4. Peter/ his kids / watch TV after 8 PM.

5. My parents / me/ not go to the concert.

3.NOW TRANSLATE USING BOTH FORMS:

1. Mis padres no me dejan ir a la excursión

2. Tengo permiso del profesor para usar el ordenador.

3. ¿Te dejan ir a la fiesta tus padres?

4. Ella no me deja ver sus fotos

23
4. HAVE TO+ INFINITIVE= it is necessary DON’T HAVE TO +INFINITIVE = it isn’t necessary

1. Carrie failed her exam, so she ________________________(do) it next year

2. The match starts at 10 am, but the players ________________(arrive) earlier.
3. I can do my homework later. I ______________________(not do) it now
4. Long ago people could live school at 14, now we __________________(stay) until 16
5. Your parents/ work on Saturday?

6. What time you/ go to the sports centre tomorrow?

7. You / pay for your own transport but you / not pay for the clothes

8. You/ not come with a friend, but it’s helpful.

9. To travel to that country, you / not get a vaccine

10. She/ be patient with the animals; she is a vet.

5. CAN/ COULD/CAN’T /COULDN’T

1. I_________ sleep last night. It was so hot!

2. When I was five or six, I ___________do a handstand, but I ____________now.
3. My late grandfather_____________ speak French and my father_______ say a few words of Spanish.
I______speak anything but English.
4. We're having a dinner party next Saturday, but Roger____________ come.
5. When I met Darren last year, he_________ swim. He was terrified of the water. Now he________ swim
like a fish!
6. I___________ finish my lunch today. I just wasn't hungry at all.
7. There are so many different ice creams to choose from. I__________decide. You choose for me.
8. I__________ find Ben and then I found him in the garden. Now I________ find him again. He keeps
disappearing!

24
1. WRITE IN THE CORRECT TENSE. ADD SUITABLE VERBS WHEN NEEDED
1. Can you answer the phone? It …………..……….and I’m in the toilet.
ALL TENSES REVIEW
2. He/his homework before he went to school.

3. If her boyfriend (phone / not) today, she (leave) him.

4. It was a hot day so she _________________ in the lake yesterday.

5. Unless we (do) something soon, global warming (not stop)

6. Martin and I /get married next June.

7. My brother is a very bad student. He always / all his exams.

8. My dad /not /the grass at the moment.

9. It was cold so we/some hot chocolate.

10. Patrick/his room at the moment because it’s dirty.

11. Peggy (go) shopping if she (have) time in the afternoon.

12. Sarah /to the hairdresser’s once a month.

13. She/ a lion when she went to the zoo last summer.

14. Simon (go) to London next week if he (get) a cheap flight.

15. If I (do) this test, I (improve) my English.

16. Your parents always /TV in the living room?

17. If they (study / not) harder, they (pass / not) the exam.

25
2. CHOOSE THE CORRECT VERB FROM THE BOX AND COMPLETE THE SENTENCES USING THE PRESENT PERFECT
Not answer- break- buy- clean- leave-lose--not walk-
1. Claire/ all the questions.

2. I / ten kilometres.

3. They/ their car keys.

4. John / a new jacket?

5. Diana / her arm.

6. Bill and Tim / the kitchen?

7. The train /the station?

3. COMPLETE WITH JUST, ALREADY OR YET AND TRANSLATE:

1. Have you bought a new bike _______________?

2. Great! Sean has _____________ broken the world record!

3. Don’t shout! He hasn’t finished his homework __________.

4. Can I go to Jane’s party? I’ve ______________ asked you three times.

5. Mark can’t win the race now. He’s __________ fallen off his bike.

6. Have you cleaned your room ____________? I’ve __________ asked you twice.

7. Adam is very clever. He’s ____________ passed all his university exams.

8. I haven’t sent the email to Amy _______________.

9. Joe has _________ gone. If you hurry up you can catch him.

26
 4. CHOOSE A VERB FROM THE BOX AND WRITE IT IN THE CORRECT TENSE
1. My parents always _____________ TV in the living room.
2. My dad ______________ the grass at the moment.
3. On Saturday I _____________ in the park to be fit.
4. Sarah ____________ to the hairdresser’s once a month. A. FAIL
B. WATCH
5. Patrick ____________ his room at the moment because it’s dirty. C. RAIN
6. They _____________ cards in the bar right now. D. READ
E. WALK
7. My brother is a very bad student. He always ____________ all his exams. F. SLEEP
8. I often ____________ popcorn when I go to the cinema. G. RING
H. GO
9. Maths is the worst subject at school. I ____________ it! I. HATE
10. Valeria works in a high school. She ____________ Italian. J. PAINT
K. JOG
11. Don’t forget to take your umbrella! It _______________ outside. L. LOVE
12. Don’t disturb me! I ______________ Geography. M. DRY
N. STUDY
13. Tom ___________ the walls of his house once a year. O. BUY
14. Can you answer the phone? It _______________ and I’m in the toilet. P. PAY
Q. TEACH
15. I never ____________ my hair after washing it. R. CUT
16. Martin and I are going to get married. I ___________ him! S. PLAY
T. CLEAN
17. Stop shouting! The baby __________________.
18. I’ve got a dog and I ____________ him three times a day.
19. When I go shopping, I usually _____________ with credit card.
20. In my free time, I ____________ Asterix and Obelix comics.

5. COMPLETE THE TEXT WITH THE PAST SIMPLE OR PAST CONTINUOUS FORM OF THE VERBS IN BRACKETS.
While I1.___________- (talk) to my friends at the disco last Saturday a boy I 2.___________ (know) called
John 3.__________________(come) up to me and 4.___________________(ask) me to dance. While we
5.____________________ (dance), he accidentally 6.______________________ (stand) on my foot. I
7.________________________(scream) in pain. We 8. ______________________(stop) dancing and 9.
____________ (walk) over to the bar. While we10.______________ (walk), I 11.______________ (notice)
some other friends of mine. They 12.___________________(start) to argue. I 13._______________(ignore)
them and while John 14.____________________(order) the drinks, I________ (hope) for a better evening.

27
 6. USE THE VERBS IN THE BOX AND COMPLETE THE SENTENCES IN THE CORRECT TENSE
eat- do- drink- give- Make-meet- run- read- see- swim- take- go- ride -

(1) He _________________ HIS HOMEWORK before he went to school.

(2) IT WAS COLD so we _________________ some hot chocolate.

(3) I _________________ a sandcastle WHEN I WENT TO THE BEACH.

(4) It was a hot day so she _________________ IN THE LAKE yesterday.

(5) HIS CAR HAD A FLAT TIRE SO he _________________ the bus to work.

(6) I _________________ a horse LAST SUMMER when I went to my uncle's farm.

(7) I WAS LATE FOR CLASS SO I _________________ to school.

(8) I _________________ TWO HAMBURGERS so I am full.

(9) I _________________ A GOOD BOOK before I went to bed.

(10) She _________________ A LION when she went to the zoo.

(11) They _________________ hiking YESTERDAY.

(12) I _________________ my brother A GAME for his birthday.

(13) I _________________ my friends WHEN WE WENT TO THE PARK.

7. NOW MAKE QUESTIONS TO GET THE ANSWERS IN CAPITAL LETTERS IN THE PREVIOUS EXERCISE. USE THE
QUESTION WORDS.
Ex;
1. What did he do before he went to school?
2. _____________________________________________________________________________________
3. _____________________________________________________________________________________
4. _____________________________________________________________________________________
5. _____________________________________________________________________________________
6. _____________________________________________________________________________________
7. _____________________________________________________________________________________
8. _____________________________________________________________________________________
9. _____________________________________________________________________________________
10. _____________________________________________________________________________________
11. _____________________________________________________________________________________
12. _____________________________________________________________________________________
13. ______________________________________________________________________________________

28
 Pronouns and possessives
EXERCISE ONE Subject and object pronouns
Possessives
Change the nouns to subject or object pronouns. Write the
pronouns next to the noun.
Adjective Pronoun
My mine
Example: Mary ( SHE) is nice. Your yours
1-Tom ( ) is looking at Mary and I.( ) Her hers
His his
2-Mandy( ) is angry with her brother.( ) Its its
Our ours
3-Sally and I ( )like Ben and Peter.( ) Your yours
Their theirs
4-Molly( ) doesn’t like that film ( )
PERSONAL PRONOUNS
5-Look at those men ( )!
Subject object reflexive
I me myself
6-My cat( ) is looking at my golden fish( ). you you yourself
she her herself
7-Claire ( ) is not talking to that people ( ). he him himself
it it itself
8-Brad and I ( ) are watching that tv program.( ) we us ourselves
you you yourselves
9-Why is Albert( ) phoning his girlfriend ( )? they them themselves

10-My parents ( ) don’t like mice.( )

EXERCISE TWO

Choose the correct option

1-This is not my/mine mobile phone. It’s her/hers.

2-It’s theirs/their problem, not our/ours

3-This is my/mine sister. It’s hers/her birthday next Saturday.

4-This book is her/hers. It’s not his!

5-That’s not our/ours car. Our/ours is that blue one over there.

6-The Browns have got two children but I don’t know their/theirs names.

7-Her/hers house is nice but our/ours is nicer. Nicer than her/hers.

8-Give me that pen. It’s my/mine pen.

29
EXERCISE THREE Reflexive pronouns

1-He is looking at __________ in the mirror.

2-I’m not angry with you. I’m angry with ____________
3-Dear Ann, take care of ___________
4-She lives alone, by _____________
5-We had a great time in Brighton. We really enjoyed ______________
6-My neighbors are very selfish. They only think about ________________
7-I hope Andrew will take good care of ____________ during the holidays.
8-I was ironing and suddenly I burnt ________
9-Do you ever travel by _______________?
10-Gina is always thinking about __________ and doesn’t care much about other people.

EXERCISE FOUR
Fill the gaps with pronouns
1-She wasn’t looking at _____ when I was talking to _____. It was really annoying.
2-He’s very proud of __________.
3-Sorry Liz but this is not _____ problem. I can’t help you. You’ll have to solve it ___________,without
any help.
4-He broke _____ finger and it hurts!
5-Jack is not here today. _____ ill. ____ has been taken to hospital.
6-This is a picture of Lana with _____ bike.
7-Do you like ‘The rolling stones’? Yes, of course. I like _____ very much.
8-Can we take _____ friends to the party?
9-_____ is a very good girl. I like _____.
10-He cut _________ with a knife.

A. FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH THE CORRECT OBJECT PRONOUN.

1. Do you know this man? Yes, I know ………………… from work.

2. We are going to the cinema. Do you want to come with …………………?
3. I miss …………………. Do you miss ………………… too?
4. We can’t walk to school so Mary is taking ………………… by car.
5. I don’t believe …………………. She always tells lies about her life.
6. My keys are on the table. Please, bring ………………… to ………………….
7. Don’t touch …………………. You will burn your hand.
8. Listen to …………………. I want to tell ………………… something very important.

30
 B.FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH THE CORRECT SUBJECT OR OBJECT PRONOUN.

1. Did you see the cat? ………………………… was sleeping on the mat.
2. I always trusted you, but ………………………… never trusted ………………………….
3. I can’t find my keys. Where are …………………………?
4. Everyone loves my mother. ………………………… is very kind.
5. Before you eat the strawberries, you have to wash ………………………… very well.
6. Jack and I missed the bus today, so ………………………… reached the school late.
7. My little brother is sick today. My mother is taking ………………………… to the hospital.
8. Don’t look at ………………………… like this. ………………………… make me feel embarrassed.
9. We brought a horror movie. Do you like to watch ………………………… with ……………………?
10. Pete’s room is very messy. His mother asked ………………………… to clean ………………………….
11. A. Can you call Mr. Smith, please? B. Sorry, but I don’t know ………………………….
12. Jack is very nervous. ………………………… always yells at others.
13. My dad is a lawyer. ………………………… works for different companies.
14. The children are outside. ………………………… are swimming in the pool.
15. My socks are very dirty. I have to clean ………………………….
16. Lina is here. Let ………………………… in.

C.MULTIPLE CHOICE. ONLY ONE OPTION IS CORRECT.

1-I love you, Vanessa. Will you marry _______?

a)mine b)me c)I d)my
2-This packet of sweets is _______. I bought it for you.
a)your b)you c)yours d)yourself
3-Don’t be angry with ___________. You’ll do it better next time.
a)you b)yourself c)your d)yours
4-He’s welcome to invite _____ friends to my engagement party.
a)he b)his c)himself d)him
5-I like Elisabeth very much. I’m so in love with ______. I’ve got to tell her.
a)her b)she c)hers d)herself
6-They are very naughty. They should be ashamed of __________ for what they’ve done.
a)they b)them c)themselves d)their
7-I promise I didn’t call you last night. It wasn’t ________. Honest.
a)I b)me c)my d)myself
8-Our friends are so nice. We enjoy ___________ going out together.
a)we b)our c)ourselves d)ours
9-Our school is big and beautiful. ______ name is St. Patrick’s school.
a)itself b)its c)it d)it’s
10-She’s a very strange girl. She likes being by ________. Always alone. Quite unsociable.
a)her b)herself c)she d)hers

31
D.TRANSLATE INTO ENGLISH USING THE CORRECT PRONOUNS

1. Dámelo, ¿me lo das?

2. Dáselo (a él)
3. ¿Vienes conmigo?
4. Lo hice yo misma.
5. ¡¡El gato!! ¡Míralo, se está mirando al espejo!
6. ¿Lo has encontrado? Es de ella.
7. Les dije: bienvenidos
8. El profesor siempre nos da ejercicios de deberes.
9. No es mío, es de ellos.
10. Mis vecinos viven aquí. Su casa es más grande que la mía. Tiene 8 habitaciones. Sus hijos no viven
con ellos; están en la universidad.
11. Nuestro coche es muy viejo. Lo vamos a vender.
12. Lo pasamos muy bien las vacaciones pasadas.
13. No fue su culpa (de ella), fue nuestra.
14. ¿Puedo usar tu móvil? No, ahora mismo no, lo estoy usando yo.
15. Ten cuidado. No te cortes con ese cuchillo.

____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________

32
 PERSON: SOMEONE- SOMEBODY
CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER: ANYONE-ANYBODY
1.-I would like ………………… to eat. a)anything b)something EVERYONE-EVERYBODY
2.-He knows ……………. about it. a)something b)nothing NO ONE- NOBODY
3.-She hasn’t got ………. to do. a)something b)anything
4.-They sold ………….. in the sales. a) everything b)anything THING: SOMETHING/ANYTHING
5.-The boy didn’t say ………….. a)nothing b)anything EVERYTHING /NOTHING
6.-Is there …………amusing on TV? a)something b)anything
7.-Our cat must be ………………. a)somewhere b)anywhere PLACE: SOMEWHERE/ANYWHERE
EVERYWHERE/ NOWHERE
8.-There was a flood ……….in China. a)anywhere b)somewhere
9.-I would like to buy …….. for my dad. a)anything b)something Negative sentences can only be formed with the
10.-My doctor did ……… to save her. a)everything b)somebody indefinite pronouns that include ANY.
11.-You know …….. who can paint it. a)anybody b)somebody
12.-Do you know …… who lives there? a)anyone b)someone Any and the indefinite pronouns formed with it
13.-She heard …………. that scared her. a)something b)anything can also be used in affirmative sentences with a
14.-Idon’t remember ……… boring. a)something b)anything meaning that is close to every: “They can choose
anything from the menu”

FILL IN WITH AN INDEFINITE PRONOUN:

1.- Victor is very brave, ……………………………….. scares him.
2.-My family is going …………………………………. in the south of France.
3.-You did ……………………………………………….to help me yesterday.
4.-Did she buy ………………………………………………….…… good at the sales?
5.-I’m sorry but I couldn’t find the cat …………………………………………….…..
6.-Are you sure the meaning is …………--------------------.. like that?
7.-I’ll do ………………………………………….. to pass my exams.
8.-Neil gave me …………………………………… beautiful for my birthday.
9.-OK. I’m glad now that ………………………………….….. is arranged for the party.
10.-That awful tsunami happened ……………………………………………… in Asia.

FILL IN WITH AN INDEFINITE PRONOUN:

1.-There’s …………………………………………… you can do today.
2.-The earthquake happened ………………………………..…….. in Turkey.
3.-I don’t know ………………………………….…. who can give me some money.
4.-Robert forgot ……………………………………… sad.
5.-Kate showed me ……………………………….………. interesting.
6.-The thieves escaped with ……………………………………….…………..
7-Roger didn’t know ………………………………………………….. about it.
10.-You need …………………………………………….……. to open the safe.

33
 ALL GRAMMAR SUMMARY

READ THE STORY AND CHOOSE

THE MOST SUITABLE INDEFINITE PRONOUN:

That was a cold and stormy night. Everybody / anybody went to bed earlier than usual, but I decided to stay in the
living room reading my new novel about mystery. Suddenly, something / nothing happened in the kitchen, I heard
a strange noise. I stood up and went rapidly to see what was happening. I couldn’t see anything / nothing out of
the ordinary. Everything / something was calm and quiet. I came back to the living room and kept on reading my
book….when I opened the second page, I heard a noise coming from the front window and a shadow disappearing
in the night…when I looked through the window I saw nobody / anybody. It was a very rare night. Every time I
tried to read my book something / nothing inexplicable happened. Was the mysterious novel becoming true??...I
examined everywhere / nowhere in the living room, I was trying to find the odd thing that was producing the
strange noises but I could find anything/ nothing…finally, I decided to go to bed and forget about that scary night.

Copy and translate into Spanish the sentences in bold from the
text in your notebook

Did you know that

indefinite pronouns are
good to tell mystery stories?
That’s because we use them
____________________________________________________ to refer to people or things
without saying exactly who
____________________________________________________ or what they are…

____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________

34
 PRESENT SIMPLE PRESENT CONTINUOUS PAST SIMPLE PAST CONTINUOUS PRESENT PERFECT FUTURE
(yo canto) (yo estoy cantando/ yo (yo canté/cantaba) (yo estaba cantando) (yo he cantado) WILL / BE GOING TO
voy a cantar) (Yo cantaré/yo voy a cantar)
-Acciones que ocurren en el - Acciones que -Acción que estaba sucediendo -Acción que comenzó en el pasado Will: -predicciones
Hábitos mismo momento en que se comenzaron y se en un determinado momento del y sigue en la actualidad o tiene -decisiones que se toman sobre la
Rutinas habla. AHORA completaron en el pasado. efectos en la actualidad. marcha
-Valor de futuro (inmediato, pasado. -Para dar información -cuando no se especifica cuándo se -ofrecimientos y promesas

USO
dentro de poco; planes, es (Los regulares añaden – complementaria: (They were realizó. Be Going to: Intenciones, planes,
casi igual que el going to) ed al infinitivo; los wearing hats) - para relatar experiencias. evidencias.
irregulares cambian:lista)
Af: S+V(infinitivo)+Comp Af: S+ be+V+ING (añade- ing Af: S+V(pasado)+C Af: S+Was/were+V+ ing. Af: S+Have/has+V(part. Pasado)+C Af: S+Will+ V(infinitivo)+C
-añade –s en la 3ª p. sg al verbo principal)
(he, she, it) Int: be+S+V+ING? Int: did +S+V ( Int: was/were+S+V+Ing Int.: Have/has+S+V(Part p) +C+? Int: will+S+ V(infinitivo)+C+?
Int: Do/does+S+V+C+? infinitivo)+C+?
(does con she, he , it) Neg: S+be+NOT+V+ING Neg: S+wasn’t/weren’t +V+Ing Neg: S+haven’t/hasn’t+V (Part.p) Neg: S+Won’t+V(nfinitivo)+C
NEG: S+don’t/doesn’t (OJO con la ortografía al Neg: (no confundas was y were; como
+V+C añadir la –y) S+Didn’t+V(infinitivo)+C pista:
Af: S+BE+Going+to+V(infinitivo)+C

FORMA
OJO: la ortografía al 1vocal+1cons, dobla la Am, is = was
añadir la –s. consonante. OJO: al añadir -ed: Are = were Int: be+S+going to+V(infinitivo)
(si acaban en s, h, x, Pierde la –e final. Y+consonant= ied Neg: S+be+not+going
o….ES; Pierde la -e final:lived to+V(infinitivo)
Cons+y= IES 1vowel+1cons,dobla

35
cons. stopped
Adv. de frecuencia Now, at the moment, right Momentos específicos del Las mismas que en pasado Ever, (alguna vez) en int. I hope,(espero que) think, I’m sure,
(always, usually, often, now pasado: simple. Never con el verb en AF. maybe (quizás)…
sometimes, hardly ever, Look!, Listen!.... Yesterday, (ayer) Pista si van los dos juntos en una Yet,(aún),en neg. e int. Siempre al Tomorrow, next month.., in 3
never) Cualquier expresión que te ago( siempre después de frase, el simple, describe la final. days,...
siempre antes del verbo, indique que la acción está un período de tiempo: acción más corta y le precede Already (ya) en af. entre el have y
menos con to be que van sucediendo ahora, o que se hace tanto tiempo), WHEN; el continuo la más larga y el V principal
después. trata de algo que ocurrirá last summer…(el verano le precede WHILE. Just , en af.,entre have y el V
Every day, on+ día de la pronto. “I’m meeting my pasado), (acabo de…)

EXPRESIONES
semana, once/ twice (una friends this afternoon” in + un año pasado…. For+ período de tiempo (2 years...)
vez, dos veces ) a week…. (durante/desde hace)
Since+ momento (9 o’clock..)
(desde)
QUESTION WORDS (al principio de una pregunta; PERSONAL PRONOUNS POSSESSIVE FIRST CONDITIONAL (expresa consecuencias de una acción)
luego sigues el orden de una interrogativa normal) Subject object reflexive Adjective Pronoun Condition Result
Who? How? I me myself My mine If/unless + present simple , future with will/won’t
What? How old? you you yourself Your yours If I study this chart, I will pass my exam
Which? How much? she her herself Her hers ALLOW TO+ infinitive (permitir)
When? How many? he him himself His his BE ALLOWED TO+ infinitive (tener permiso para hacer algo)
Why? How often? it it itself Its its
Where? How far? we us ourselves Our ours USED TO+ infinitive (solía…)/ DIDN’T USE TO+ inf. (no solía)
Whose? How tall? you you yourselves Your yours
How long? they them themselves Their theirs
36
 GRADED READER
• Choose one story
• Have a look and if you need help, let your teacher know.
• Tell your teacher the title as soon as possible. (We will try that you all have different titles)
• Read it at home. Remember it’s important to look up the new words in a dictionary so you understand it all.
• If there are activities online, do them; they will help you understand and remember the story better.
• Get ready to answer the following questions in your oral exam

QUESTIONS and examples of answers

1. What is this story about?

It is about a robbery/a mystery/ an adventure in the mountains…/an investigation to find a killer…
2. Who are the main characters?
The main characters are two/three… boys/girls/women/men/animals/robots/aliens…. Their names are….. They
are brave/ funny/ interesting/ mysterious/hard-working….
3. Where/when does the story happen?
It happens in England…/in the 18th century/ at Christmas/ during summer holidays/at the present time.
It doesn’t say, but I think that …a long time ago/ in the future
4. What happens in the story? Say a short summary.
Two friends get lost in the forest; they find an ancient cup. It belongs to a ghost Viking. They want to sell the cup
and make money but the ghost haunts the characters and the girl dies in an accident. At the end they give the
cup back to the ghost.
5. Who is your favourite character and why?
My favourite character is +NAME, because in my opinion she/he is very + adjective. I like him/her
6. Describe an image (the teacher will show you an image related to your story and you will have to describe it;
so, it’s good practice to describe the images that appear on your story or other similar)
This is a colour/black and white picture. I can see………they are ….ing( what are they doing?/ who are they in the
story). This is when…( they find the treasure/ they get lost/ they meet …)
7. How does the story finish? Do you like the ending? Is it a happy/sad/unexpected/obvious/strange/confusing
…ending?
I love the ending because it is happy and everything falls into place.
I don’t like the ending because it is very sad/ confusing….
I didn’t understand the ending because I don’t know what happened with….
8. What’s your opinion about the story?
• In my opinion this story is fun but a bit difficult to read because it has many new words.
• I think it was a very interesting story and I enjoy reading it a lot. It was easy for me.
• I love reading so I always like stories but this wasn’t very good because it was a bit boring sometimes.
• I don’t like/ don’t mind reading, I prefer watching films. It was boring.
• I love adventure/romantic/science fiction/horror/real….stories, so I liked this very much/ I prefer a different
story next time

Reading is
dreaming with
open eyes

37
 WHEN WRITING PAY ATTENTION TO….
1. ORGANISE YOUR IDEAS AND WRITE THEM IN PARAGRAPHS, TRYING TO END WITH A CONCLUSION
What can I say first? Any more to add here?
What next? More about this?
How can I finish?
2. DON’T REPEAT THE SAME WORD TOO MUCH; TRY TO FIND SYNONYMS.
(good= excellent, fine, not bad, fantastic, enjoyable, fun….)
OR USE THE PRONOUNS TO SUBSTITUTE NOUNS WHEN POSSIBLE.
3. USE A DICTIONARY
4. ALWAYS WRITE THE SUBJECT: WHO DID THIS?
5. WORD ORDER:
• SUBJECT+VERB+COMPLEMENTS
• ADJECTIVES BEFORE NOUNS
• ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY BEFORE VERBS OR AFTER BE
6. USE LINKING AND SEQUENCING WORDS
7. MAKE A DRAFT, RE-READ IT SEVERAL TIMES AND WRITE IT OUT NEATLY

LINKING WORDS
AND
BUT
OR
SEQUENCING WORDS
BECAUSE
BECAUSE OF / DUE TO “First of all”
HOWEVER “Secondly”
“Then…”
ALTHOUGH
“Later (on)… ”
FOR EXAMPLE, SUCH AS, LIKE
SO “Finally…)”
AT LAST
FORTUNATELY/UNFORTUNATELY

38
 7th Group: -AUGHT / -OUGHT / ɔːt/
INFINITIVE PAST PAST TRANSLATION 50. THROW THREW THROWN LANZAR
(PRESENT) PARTICIPLE

1st Group: MOST COMMON VERBS

51. BRING BROUGHT BROUGHT TRAER
1. BE (am-is- WAS / WERE BEEN SER O ESTAR 52. BUY BOUGHT BOUGHT COMPRAR
are)
2. DO DID DONE HACER 53. CATCH CAUGHT CAUGHT ATRAPAR
3. HAVE HAD HAD TENER 54. FIGHT FOUGHT FOUGHT LUCHAR
4. COME CAME COME VENIR 55. TEACH TAUGHT TAUGHT ENSEÑAR
5. GET GOT GOT CONSEGUIR
56. THINK THOUGHT THOUGHT PENSAR
6. GO WENT GONE IR
7. MAKE MADE MADE FABRICAR
8. SAY SAID SAID DECIR INFINITIVE PAST PAST TRANSLATION
(PRESENT) PARTICIPLE
9. TELL TOLD TOLD CONTAR

2nd Group: PERCEPTION VERBS (actions related to our 8TH Group: -STAND / -STOOD / -STOOD /stud/
senses)
57. STAND STOOD STOOD ESTAR DE
10. HEAR HEARD HEARD OÍR PIE
11. SEE SAW SEEN VER 58. UNDERSTAND UNDERSTOOD UNDERSTOOD ENTENDER
12. SMELL SMELT SMELT OLER
9th Group: -EE- / -E- / -E- /
3rd Group: NO CHANGE (always the same form)
59. BLEED BLED BLED SANGRAR
13. COST COST COST COSTAR
60. FEED FED FED ALIMENTAR
14. CUT CUT CUT CORTAR
61. FEEL FELT FELT SENTIR
15. HIT HIT HIT GOLPEAR
62. KEEP KEPT KEPT GUARDAR/
16. HURT HURT HURT HERIR MANTENER
17. LET LET LET PERMITIR 63. MEET MET MET CONOCER/
18. PUT PUT PUT PONER QUEDAR CON
19. READ READ READ LEER 64. SLEEP SLEPT SLEPT DORMIR
20. SHUT SHUT SHUT CERRAR 65. SWEEP SWEPT SWEPT BARRER

4TH Group: PAST PARTICIPLE ENDING -EN 10th Group : -D / -T / -T

21. BITE BIT BITTEN MORDER 66. BUILD BUILT BUILT CONSTRUIR
22. BREAK BROKE BROKEN ROMPER 67. LEND LENT LENT PRESTAR
23. CHOOSE CHOSE CHOSEN ELEGIR 68. SEND SENT SENT ENVIAR
24. DRIVE DROVE DRIVEN CONDUCIR 69. SPEND SPENT SPENT GASTAR/PASAR EL
TIEMPO
25. EAT ATE EATEN COMER
26. FALL FELL FALLEN CAER 11th Group : -T
27. GIVE GAVE GIVEN DAR
28. FORGET FORGOT FORGOTTEN OLVIDAR 70.BURN BURNT BURNT QUEMAR
29. FORGIVE FORGAVE FORGIVEN PERDONAR 71.DREAM DREAMT DREAMT SOÑAR
30. FREEZE FROZE FROZEN CONGELAR 72.LEARN LEARNT LEARNT APRENDER
31. HIDE HID HIDDEN ESCONDER 73.LEAVE LEFT LEFT MARCHAR
32. RIDE RODE RIDDEN MONTAR A 74.LIGHT LIT LIT ENCENDER
CABALLO/BICI 75.LOSE LOST LOST PERDER
33. RISE ROSE RISEN SUBIR/ALZAR 76.MEAN MEANT MEANT SIGNIFICAR
34. SHAKE SHOOK SHAKEN SACUDIR 77.SHOOT SHOT SHOT DISPARAR
35. SPEAK SPOKE SPOKEN HABLAR 78.SIT SAT SAT SENTARSE
36. STEAL STOLE STOLEN ROBAR 79.SPELL SPELT SPELT DELETREAR
37. TAKE TOOK TAKEN COGER/LLEVAR
38. WAKE(UP) WOKE WOKEN DESPERTAR 12th Group : MISCELLANEOUS
39. WRITE WROTE WRITTEN ESCRIBIR
80.BECOME BECAME BECOME LLEGAR A SER
5th Group: I / A / U 81.FIND FOUND FOUND ENCONTRAR
82.HANG HUNG HUNG COLGAR
40. BEGIN BEGAN BEGUN COMENZAR
83.HOLD HELD HELD SUJETAR
41. DRINK DRANK DRUNK BEBER
84.PAY PAID PAID PAGAR
42. RING RANG RUNG SONAR
85.RUN RAN RUN CORRER
43. SING SANG SUNG CANTAR
86.SELL SOLD SOLD VENDER
44. SWIM SWAM SWUM NADAR
87.SHINE SHONE SHONE BRILLAR
6th Group: / EW / OWN ( /u:/ /əʊn/ ) 88.SHOW SHOWED SHOWN MOSTRAR
89.WEAR WORE WORN VESTIR
45. BLOW BLEW BLOWN SOPLAR 90.WIN WON WON GANAR
46. DRAW DREW DRAWN DIBUJAR
47. FLY FLEW FLOWN VOLAR 1ST TERM: GROUPS 1,2,3 AND 11 (30 VERBS)
48. GROW GREW GROWN CRECER
49. KNOW KNEW KNOWN CONOCER 2ND TERM: GROUPS 4,5 6 (+ 1ST TERM VERBS, 60 VERBS)

3RD TERM: GROUPS 7,8,9,10 AND 12 (+ 1ST & 2ND TERM VERBS 90
VERBS)

39