NCM Reporting Flow

[Xyte]
Good afternoon, everyone, we are the group assigned to present Joyce Travelbee's biography, theory,
and her four metaphysicians.

Joyce Travelbee is a psychiatric nurse, teacher and author. Joyce Travelbee studied at the Louisiana
University accomplishing the course BSN in the year 1956; Yale University for her master's degree in the
year 1959; She's been a Psychiatric nursing instructor in year 1952 at Depaul University, Charity Hospital
School, New York University, and Mississippi State University. Then she became an author and published
a book titled Interpersonal Aspects of Nursing in 1966 and 1971 and Intervention in Psychiatric Nursing
and developed The Human-to-Human Relationship Model in 1969.

[Phil]

We'll be discussing the theory of Joyce Travelbee today, "The Human-to-Human Relationship Model
Theory."
According to Travelbee, Communication is the vehicle through which nurse-relationships are
established. So, let us have a little debate about Joyce Travelbee's theory. The Relationship Theory is a
mutually significant meaningful relationship in which the individual or family member's nursing
requirements are addressed. There are 5 phases of relationship these are original encounter, emerging
identities, empathy, sympathy, and rapport which will be discussed by Maggie furthermore. Next theory
is the human-to-human relationship model Travelbee believed that if the nurse and patient were to
develop a Human-to-human relationship, it was as important to sympathize as it was to empathize. It is
defined as “therapeutic use of self” as the ability to use one’s personality consciously and with full
awareness to establish relatedness and structure nursing intervention. The Hildegard Peplau work, the
interpersonal relations theory, had an influence on Travelbee's theory of relationships between humans.
Both of these theories provide insight into how nurse to patient relationships is established. The
difference between these theories is that Travelbee is providing nurses with the foundation necessary
for therapeutic connections to other people, while Peplau stresses the importance of nurse client
relationships as an integral part of nursing practice.

[Maggie]
Before we discuss the five phases let us know what Travelbee’s theory’s purpose is. Joyce Travelbee
believed that everything a nurse said or did with a sick person as a human contributed to the objective
of nursing. The nurse and the patient are both human beings who interact with one another. The
interaction process is used. Nursing is an interpersonal connection in which the nurse assists a patient, a
family, or a community in preventing or coping with a sickness or suffering in ways that may lead to
finding meaning in the experience. The nurse is responsible for educating the patient and giving
measures to help the patient avoid or alleviate the suffering caused by unfulfilled requirements.

There are five phases of interaction process these are:

- Original encounter -it is the first impression by the nurse of the sick person and vice-versa. The
nurse and the patient see each other in stereotyped or traditional roles.
 - Emerging identity -The nurse and patient describe an emerging identity, which they perceive as
unique to each other. A link between the two of them is currently being formed.
- Empathy -Travelbee proposed that experience similarities and desire to understand another
person are two qualities which enhance empathy, it is the ability to share experiences with
others. The ability to anticipate the behavior of a person with whom he had been sympathizing
is what results from an emphatic process.
- Sympathy - That's what happens when a nurse wants to reduce the cause of a patient's suffering
beyond empathy. “When a person sympathizes, he's involved but not affected by his
involvement.” The nurse should apply the proper intellectual approach with therapeutic use of
their own personality to provide useful nursing interventions.
- Rapport – Nurse interventions that reduce the suffering of the patient, the nurse, and the sick
person, are described as human beings to human beings. The person who's ill shows trust and
confidence in the nurse. “Nurse may establish rapport, for she has the knowledge and skills to
help people who are in need of assistance with their illness. She is able to see, hear, react or
understand a sick human being's uniqueness.”

Travelbee’s view of nursing is that it is an interpersonal interaction between two people

- A person needs assistance due to illness.
- The other can provide required aid
The assistance's goal is to make it easier for the individual to:
- Handle the sickness scenario
- Make sense of your experience.

TRAVELBEE'S THEORY PROPOSITION

The impression of the patient by the nurse is an important component in deciding the quality and
amount of nursing care provided to each Patient. The nurse's attitudes about illness, suffering, and
death influence the quality of nursing care provided. "The spiritual values and philosophical beliefs of
nurses about illness and suffering will determine the extent to which they will be able to help patients
find meaning (or no meaning) in these situations"

And now Let’s move on to Metaparadigms.

[Adam]

Person
The nurse and the patient are human beings, a unique, irreplaceable person who is constantly
evolving and changing, and who is also identified as a human being.

Health
According to the Travelbee, there are two types of health that can be defined subjectively as
well as objectively: A subjective is an individually defined state of well-being in accord with self-appraisal
of physical-emotional-spiritual status while objective is the absence of discernible disease, disability or
defect as measured by physical Sy amination.
[Nicole]

Environment
It doesn't define itself exactly, but the life experiences it associates with the environment are
suffering, hope, pain, and illness.

Nursing
For Travelbee nursing is an interpersonal process whereby the professional nurse practitioner
assists an individual, family, or community to prevent or scope with the experience or illness and
suffering and if necessary to find meaning in these experiences.

CONCLUSION

Travelbee's great idea of Human-to-Human Relationships gives nurses the basis they need to engage
therapeutically with other humans. The assumptions involve human nurses interacting with humans
who are suffering, in distress, or have the capacity to suffer. According to Travelbee (as referenced by
Reed, 1992), "Experiencing meaning in illness, in particular, has long been identified as an important
clinical phenomenon" (p 354). Because of his or her knowledge and experience, the nurse creates a
rapport with patients. Nurses recognize and respect the individuality of each ailing human being,
assisting them in finding meaning in their suffering (Travelbee, 2013). The AP has a chance to foster
human-to-human interactions. This should help with meaning attribution or, at the very least,
comprehension of humans'symptom load and sickness.