GUDLAVALLERU ENGINEERING COLLEGE

(An Autonomous Institute with Permanent Affiliation to JNTUK, Kakinada)

SeshadriRao Knowledge Village, Gudlavalleru – 521 356.

Department of Mechanical Engineering

HANDOUT
AND
ASSIGNMENT CUM TUTORIAL QUESTIONS

for
POWER PLANT ENGINEERING
Class & Sem. : IV B.Tech – I Semester Year : 2023-24
Branch : ME Credits : 3
Regulations : R20
=========================================================================

1. Brief History And Current Developments In The Subject Area

Power generation in a country affects its economy & environment. As on June,
2006, India is producing 1,24,827 MW of power, equal to producing 1.09348 x 10 12
Units of power / year. Just 5 paisa / unit will amount to a saving of Rs.5468 crores /
years. At present max. efficiency in our Indian power plants is only 48% & 80000
villages are not enlightened by power. Such a huge savings & hence industrial
development of INDIA can be achieved if the present generation mechanical engineers
are efficient in these technical areas. That’s why many universities in India are offering
this subject as separate course to know these technologies in depth.
India is the sixth largest in terms of power generation. About 65% of the
electricity consumed in India is generated by thermal power plants, 22% by
hydroelectric power plants, 3% by nuclear power plants and rest by 10% from other
alternate sources like solar, wind, biomass etc. 53.7% of India’s commercial energy
demand is met through the country’s vast coal reserves. The country has also invested
heavily in recent years on renewable sources of energy such as wind energy. As of
March 2011, India’s installed wind power generation capacity stood at about 12000
MW. Additionally, India has committed massive amount of funds for the construction
of various nuclear reactors which would generate at least 30,000 MW. In July 2009,
India unveiled a $19 billion plan to produce 20,000 MW of solar power by 2020 under
National Solar Mission.
Energy systems capable of delivering to the ever growing and emerging needs of
developing economies is the need of the hour. Growing energy demands world over
and in the densely populated regions of Asia including India have driven the need to
shift to cleaner fuels and lager energy systems. Thus, in India, there has been a thrust to
increase installed generating capacity of power and to decrease the reliance on primary
fossil fuels to cater to these needs.
The per capita power consumption in India is 733.54KWh/yr, which is very
minimal as compared to global average of 2340KWh/yr.

2. Pre-Requisites
 Concepts of thermodynamics, Hydraulic Machines

3. Course Objectives:
 To introduce the working of various power plants.
 To familiarize with estimation of unit power cost and factors affecting it.

4. Learning Outcomes:
Students will be able to
 CO-1: Illustrate the working of different circuits, and coal handling systems of steam
power plant
 CO-2: Describe the working of coal firing, ash handling systems and cooling towers
in steam power plant
 Co-3: Understand the working of hydraulic and combined operations of power
plants.
 CO-4: Explain the working of nuclear power plants.
  CO-5: familiarize with the power plant effluents, economics and their control.
5. Programme Outcomes:
Engineering students will be able to:
1. Engineering knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science,
engineering fundamentals and an engineering specialization to the solution of
complex engineering problems.
2. Problem analysis: Identify, formulate, review research literature, and analyze
complex engineering problems reaching substantiated conclusions using first
principles of mathematics, natural sciences, and engineering sciences.
3. Design/development of solutions: Design solutions for complex engineering
problems and design system components or processes that meet the specified needs
with appropriate consideration for the public health and safety, and the cultural,
societal, and environmental considerations.
4. Conduct investigations of complex problems: Use research-based knowledge and
research methods including design of experiments, analysis and interpretation of
data, and synthesis of the information to provide valid conclusions.
5. Modern tool usage: Create, select, and apply appropriate techniques, resources and
modern engineering and IT tools including prediction and modeling to complex
engineering activities with an understanding of the limitations.
6. The engineer and society: Apply reasoning informed by the contextual knowledge
to assess societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the consequent
responsibilities relevant to the professional engineering practice.
7. Environment and sustainability: Understand the impact of the professional
engineering solutions in societal and environmental contexts, and demonstrate the
knowledge of, and need for sustainable development.
8. Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and
responsibilities and norms of the engineering practice.
9. Individual and team work: Function effectively as an individual, and as a member
or leader in diverse teams, and in multidisciplinary settings.
10. Communication: Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities with
the engineering community and with society at large, such as, being able to
comprehend and write effective reports and design documentation, make effective
presentations, and give and receive clear instructions.
11. Project management and finance: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of
the engineering and management principles and apply these to one’s own work, as a
member and leader in a team, to manage projects and in multidisciplinary
environments.
12. Life-long learning: Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and ability to
engage in independent and life-long learning in the broadest context of technological
change.

6. Program Specific Outcomes:

Engineering students will be able to
PSO-1: design and analyze various thermal systems used in power generation and
human comfort.
PSO-2: design, analyze and develop products by adopting best manufacturing
practices.
PSO-3: use various mechanical engineering software tools for design and analysis of
various engineering components.
 7. Mapping of Course Outcomes with Program Outcomes and Program Specific
Outcomes:
Correlation Levels
1: Slight (Low) 2: Moderate (Medium) 3: Substantial (High)
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2 PSO3

CO1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1
CO2 3 2 2 2 1 2 2 2
CO3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2
CO4 3 3 1 2 2 2
CO5
8. Mapping of Course with Program Outcomes and Program Specific Outcomes
Correlation Levels
1: Slight (Low) 2: Moderate (Medium) 3: Substantial (High)
PO PO PO1 PO1
PO2 PO3 PO4 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO11 PSO1 PSO2 PSO3
1 5 0 2

Power Plant 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 2
Engineering

9. Text Books:
1. R.K. Rajput, “A Text Book of Power Plant Engineering”, Laxmi Publications, New
Delhi, 2016, 5th Edition
2. P.K.Nag, “Power Plant Engineering”, 4th Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill Education,
2014.

10. Reference Books:

1. S.C. Arora and S. Domkundwar “A Course in Power Plant Engineering”, Dhanpat
Rai & Co. (P) Limited, 2014.
2. G.D. Rai, “An Introduction to Power Plant Technology” Khanna Publishers, 2004,
3rd Edition..
3. M.M.El-Wakil, “Power Plant Technology”, Tata McGraw-Hill Education, Revised
2nd Edition

11. URLs and Other E-Learning Resource

 Lecture Series on "Steam and Gas Power Systems", by Prof. Ravi Kumar, IIT
Roorkee
 Lecture Series on "Power Plant Engineering ", by Prof. Ravi Kumar, IIT Roorkee

12. Lecture Schedule / Lesson Plan

No. of Periods
Topic
Theory Tutorial
UNIT–1: Steam Power Plant
Introduction to the Sources of Energy 1
Resources and Development of Power in India 1
Steam Power Plant-Plant Layout 1
0
Working of Different Circuits 1
Types of Coals and Fuel Handling Equipment 2
Coal Handling Systems, 2
Choice of Handling Equipment, Coal Storage 1
UNIT–2 : Combustion Process
Methods of coal firing: - Principle of overfeed & underfeed fuel feeds 2
Travelling Grate Stokers, Spreader Stokers, Retort Stoker - Working 2
Pulverized Fuel Burning System & Its Components, Coal Mills 2 0
Fuel Burners – Working of Cyclone Burner 1
Ash and Dust handling systems 3
Cooling Towers & Heat Rejection 1
UNIT-3 : IC Engine Plant& Gas Turbine Power Plant
Working principles of combined steam and gas plants 1
Working principles of combined gas and diesel plants, limitations 2
Water-power and Hydrological Cycle 1
Hydrograph - Storage & Pondage 1 0
Flow duration curve and mass curve 1
Electric Power Plants –Layouts with auxilliaries 1
Classification of Dams & Spillways 1
Surge tanks 1
UNIT-4: Nuclear Power Plant
Nuclear fusion and fission reactions. 1
Nuclear Reactor – working and components 1
Types of Reactors – Pressurized water reactor, Boiling Water Reactor, -
2
Construction and Working 0
CANDU Reactor, Fast Breeder Reactor – Construction and working 1
Gas Cooled Reactor – Construction and Working 1
Nuclear Waste and Disposal 1
UNIT – 5: Environmental Aspects of Power Generation
Effluents from Power Plants & their Impact on Environment 1
Pollutants & Pollution Standards 1
Methods of Pollution Control 2
Load calculations: 1 0
Load Curve and Load Duration Curve 1
Connected Load, Maximum Demand, demand factor, Average Load,
1
Diversity Factors
Total No. of Periods: 43 0
13. Seminar Topics
 Pressurized Fluidized Bed combustion (PFBC)
 MHD power generation
 FUEL CELL technology
 Wind power generation
 Solar power generation
 Micro hydel power generation
 Tidal power generation
 Geothermal energy

14. Continuous Evaluation Procedure

 The performance of a student shall be evaluated for 100 marks in the subject “Power
Plant Engineering”. As per the R20 Curriculum, the distribution shall be 30 marks
for internal evaluation and 70 marks for the end examination.
  Out of 30 marks for internal assessment, 15 marks for descriptive and 10 marks for
online Quiz and 5 marks for assignment. There are two mid -term examinations.
 Each mid-term examination is conducted for 30 marks with 90 mins duration. Sum
of the 80% marks of best scored mid-term examination and 20% marks of least
scored mid-term examination will be considered.

15. Consultation Hours For Discussions

 Students can approach in between 3.50 p.m. to 4.30 p.m. in all working days of the
college.

ASSIGNMENT CUM TUTORIAL QUESTIONS

(UNIT 1)
Objectives:
 To introduce the working of various power plants.
Learning Outcomes:
Student will be able to
 CO-1: Identify the various conventional energy resources.
 Co-2: Explain the working principles of various power plants used in electric power
generation.
A. Objective Questions
1. The commercial sources of energy are
(a) Solar, wind, biomass (b) fossil fuels, hydropower and nuclear energy
(c) wood, animal wastes and agricultural wastes (d) none of the above
2. Identify the primary sources of energy
3. (a) coal, oil, uranium (b) hydrogen, oxygen and water
(c) wind, biomass and geothermal (d) none of the above
4. In India largest thermal power station is located at
5. (a) Kota (b) Sarni (c) Chandrapur (d) Neyveli
6. The percentage of Oxygen by weight in atmospheric air is
(a) 18 (b) 23 (c) 77 (d) 79
7. The percentage of Oxygen by volume in atmospheric air is
(a) 21 (b) 23 (c) 77 (d) 79
8. The main source of production of biogas is
9. (a) human waste (b) wet cow dung (c) wet livestock waste (d) all above
10. India first nuclear power plant was installed at
11. (a) Tarapore (b) Kota (c) kalpakkam
12. In a fuel cell, the _________ energy is converted into electrical energy.
(a) mechanical (b) chemical (c) heat (d) sound
13. Solar thermal power generation can be achieved by
14. (a) using focusing collectors (b) using flat plate collectors
(c) using a solar pond (d) any of the above systems
15. Rankine cycle efficiency of a good steam power plant may be in the range of
16. (a) 15 – 20% (b) 35 – 45% (c) 70 – 80% (d) 90 – 95%
17. In regenerative cycle, the feed water is heated by
(a) exhaust gases (b) heaters
(c) draining steam from the turbine (d) all of the above
18. Reheat cycle in steam power plant is used to
(a) utilize the heat of flue gases (b) increase thermal efficiency
 (c) improve condenser performance (d) reduce loss of heat
19. Economizer is used to heat
(a) air (b) feed water (c) flue gases (d) all above
20. Load centre in a power station is
(a) centre of coal fields
(b) centre of maximum load if equipments
(c) centre of gravity of electrical system
21. In steam power station, the choice of high temperature steam is for
(a) increasing the efficiency of boiler alone
(b) increasing the efficiency of boiler alone
(c) increasing the overall efficiency
(d) none of the above
22. Caking coals are those which
(a) burn completely (b) burn freely
(c) do not form ash (d) form lumps or masses of coke
23. Which of the following coals has the highest calorific value?
(a) peat (b) lignite (c) bituminous (d) anthracite coal
24. Belt conveyor can be used to transport coal at inclination upto
(a) 300 (b) 600 (c) 800 (d) 900
25. The average ash content in Indian coals is about
(a) 5% (b) 10% (c) 15% (d) 20%
26. The maximum length of screw conveyor is about
(a) 30 m (b) 40 m (c) 60 m (d) 100 m
27. Method of unloading the coal for small power plant is
(a) lift trucks (b) coal accelerators (c) tower cranes (d) belt conveyor
28. The draught produced by the chimney of given height and a given mean temperature
of chimney gases
29. (a) decreases with increases in outside temperature
(b) increases with increases in outside temperature
(c) remains the same irrespective of outside temperature
(d) may increase or decrease with increases in outside temperature
30. The pressure at the furnace is minimum in the case of
(a) forced draught system (b) induced draught system
(c) balanced draught system (d) natural draught system

B. Subjective Questions.
1. Classify and compare sources of energy.
2. Non-conventional sources are considered as future major power resources to face
power crisis in the world. Explain?
3. Discuss the general lay out of a thermal power plant and explain the working of
different circuits.
4. Explain different components used in Steam power plant.
5. Discuss different equipment used for coal unloading at the plant site.
6. (a) Sketch a chart showing operations and devices used in coal handling plant?
(b) Draw a neat line diagram of in plant coal handling and indicate the name of
equipment used at different stages?
7. Discuss the principles of site selection of a steam power plant.
8. What do you understand by output - handling of coal? What are the different methods
of output coal handling? Discuss their relative merits and demerits.
9. Why are feed water heaters used?
 10. Compare forced draught, induced draught and balanced draught.

ASSIGNMENT CUM TUTORIAL QUESTIONS

(UNIT-II)
Objectives:
 To introduce the working of various power plants.
Learning Outcomes:
Student will be able to
 Co-2: Explain the working principles of various power plants used in electric power
generation.
A. Objective Questions
1. Primary air and secondary air are used to
(a) reduce the flame length (b) increase the flame length
(c) transport the coal and provide air around the burners for combustion
(d) transport and dry the coal and provide air around the burners for getting optimum
combustion respectively.
2. Presence of sulphur in coal results in
(a) corroding air heaters (b) spontaneous combustion in coal storage
(c) causing clinkering and slagging (d) facilitating ash precipitation
(e) all of the above
3. Underfeed stokers work best for _____________ coals high in volatile matter and
with caking tendency. .
4. (a) anthracite (b) lignite (c) semi-bituminous and bituminous
5. Example of Overfeed stoker is
(a) chain grate (b) spreader (c) travelling grate (d) all of the above
6. The proper indication of incomplete combustion is
(a) high CO content in flue gases at exit (b) high CO2 content in flue gases at exit
(c) high temperature of the flue gases (d) the smoking exhaust from chimney
7. Travelling grate stokers can burn coals at the rate of
(a) 50 – 75 kg/m2 per hour (b) 75 – 100 kg/m2 per hour
2
(c) 100 – 150 kg/m per hour (d) 150 – 200 kg/m2 per hour

B. Subjective Questions.
1. (a) Explain the three stages of pulverization process.
(b) List the advantages and disadvantages of pulverized coal firing?
2. (a) Define
i. Approach
ii. Range
iii. Cooling efficiency of a cooling tower.
(b) Explain the carry over losses in cooling tower.
3. Sketch and explain the features of cyclone burner.
4. What are the advantages of fluidized bed combustion system? What are the various
types of grates used with hand fired furnaces?
5. What is the importance of furnace design and list out the furnace walls used in
furnace construction?
6. What are the harmful effects caused by using impure water in the boiler?
7. Explain the operation of over feed and underfeed stokers.
 Unit –III
A. Objective Questions

1. A plant producing both, electrical power & process heat simultaneously is?
a) Cogenital plant b) Cogenerial plant c) Cogeneration plant d) Conglomerate plant
2. Which of these is not considered economical for cogeneration?
a) a high fraction of electric to total energy b) a low fraction of electric to total energy
c) a low fraction of total energy to electric energy d) none of the mentioned
3. Cogeneration is the simultaneous generation of
a) Heat and power b) Mechanical energy and power c) Steam and condensate
d) All of the above
4. The cogeneration system which has a high overall efficiency is the
a) Gas turbineb) Back pressure turbinec) reciprocating engine d) combined cycle
5. Which of the following statements is not correct
a) A topping cycle plant generates electricity or mechanical power first
b) A bottoming cycle plant generates heat first
c) A bottoming cycle plant generates electricity or mechanical power first
d) Both a and b
6. How is the efficiency of cogeneration measured?
a) Electrical conversion b) Thermal recovery c) both a and b d) None of the above
7. Of all the power plants, hydel is more disadvantageous when one compares the
(a) Nearness to load centre (b) Cost of energy resource
(c) Technical skill required (d) Economics that determine the choice of plant
8. In a hydro-electric power plant, forebay refers to the
(a) Beginning of the open channel at the dam
(b) End of penstock at the valve house
(c) Level where penstock begins (d) Tail race level at the turbine exit
9. What is the purpose of a surge tank in high head hydroelectric power plant?
(a) To act as a temporary storage during load changes
(b) To improve the hydraulic efficiency
(c) To prevent surge in generator shaft speed
(d) To prevent water hammer due to sudden load changes
10. In hydraulic power generation systems, surge tanks are provided to prevent immediate
damage to
(a) Draft tube (b) turbine (c) tail race (d) penstocks
11. In the pumped storage type of power plant, pumping of water from the tailrace is done
(a) Always (b) When there is a peak load condition
(c) When there is a base load condition (d) When there is a flood
12. Which one of the following turbines is used in underwater power stations?
(a) Pelton turbine (b) Deriaz turbine (c) Tubular turbine (d) Turgo-impulse turbine
13. The purpose of hydro-electric power plant is for:
(a) Power generation (b) Irrigation purpose
(c) Flood diversion and pondage for drinking (d) All the above
14. In ……………water hammer is developed.
(a) Surge tank (b) Turbine (c) Penstock (d) Draft tube
15. Operating charges are minimum in case of ……………..for same output.
(a) Hydel power plant (b) Nuclear power plant
(c) Thermal power plant (d) Gas power plant
16. A hydraulic power station has the fol1owing major items in the hydraulic circuit:
1. Draft tube 2. Runner 3.Guide wheel 4.Penstock 5. Scroll case
 The correct sequence of these items in the direction of flow is:
(a) 4,2,3,1,5 (b) 4,3,2,5,1 (c) 1,2,3,5,4 (d) 1,3,24,5
17. The difference in elevation between the reservoir water level and turbine level or tail
race level is classified as the following head on the turbine
(a) Net head (b) Effective head (c) operational head (d) Gross head
18. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer [IES-1996]
List-I List-II
A. Pelton wheel (single jet) 1. Medium discharge, low head [ ]
B. Francis Turbine 2. High discharge, low head [ ]
C. Kaplan Turbine 3. Medium discharge, medium head [ ]
4. Low discharge, high head

B. Subjective Questions.
1. Explain the terms catchment area, rain fall, run off, hydrograph, mass curve and flow
duration curve.
2. Explain the arrangement of the components of a hydro-electric power plant with a
neat sketch.
3. What are the functions of surge tank, fore bay and draft tube in a hydro-electric power
plant? Describe different types of surge tanks?
4. Explain the construction and features of different types of dams.
5. Explain in detail the spill ways, baffle piers and drainage gallery.
6. Explain rotational speed, specific speed, maximum possible efficiency, part load
efficiency, head of water, type of water available.
7. What do you understand by water hammer and what are its effects on the power plant?
8. (a) What are the various advantages and disadvantages of Hydro-electric power
generation?
(b) How hydro-electric power plants are classified?
9. Explain the operation of combined steam and gas turbine cycle.

Unit – IV
A. Objective Questions
1. The efficiency of a nuclear power plant in comparison to a conventional thermal
power plant is
(a) same (b) more (c) less
(d) may be less or mote depending on size (e) unpredictable
2. Reflectors of a nuclear reactor are made up of
(a) boron (b) cast iron (c) beryllium (d) steel
3. The function of a moderator in a nuclear reactor is
(a) to slow down the fast moving neutrons
(b) to speed up the slow moving neutrons
(c) to start the chain reaction
(d) to transfer heat produced inside the reactor to a heat exchanger
4. ____________ is the most commonly used moderator.
(a) graphite (b) sodium (c) deuterium (d) any of the above
5. The nuclear energy is measured as
(a) MeV (b) curie (c) farads (d) MW (e) kWhr
6. The total energy released in fission of U is
(a) 5 MeV (b) 10 MeV (c) 199 MeV (d) 168 MeV (e) 11 MeV
7. Breeder reactor has a conversion ratio of
 (a) unity (b) more than unity (c) less than unity
(d) zero (e) infinity
8. Boiling water reactor employs
(a) boiler (b) direct cycle of coolant system
(c) double circuit system of coolant cycle
(d) multi pass system (e) single circuit system
9. Fast breeder reactor uses
(a) boiler (b) direct cycle of coolant system
(c) double circuit system of coolant cycle
(d) multi pass system (e) single circuit system
10. Which of the following nuclear reactor does not need a heat exchanger for generation
of steam
(a) gas cooled (b) liquid metal cooled (c) pressurised water
(d) boiling water (e) none of the above
11. The commonly used material for shielding is
(a) lead or concrete (b) lead and tin (c) graphite or cadmium
(d) thick galvanized sheets (e) black carbon papers
12. The main interest of shielding in nuclear reactor is protection against
(a) X-rays (b) infra-red rays (c) a, P, and y rays
(d) neutrons and gamma rays (e) electrons
13. In fast breeder reactors
(a) any type of moderator can be used (b) graphite is used as the moderator
(c) heavy water is used as the moderator (d) moderator may or may not be used
(e) moderator is dispensed with
14. The breeding gain in case of thermal breeder reactor as compared to fast breeder
reactor is
(a) same (b) lower (c) higher (d) unity
(e) higher/lower depending on the size of reactor
15. Gas cooled reactor uses following materials as moderator, and coolant
(a) graphite, C02 (b) graphite, air (c) heavy water, C02
(d) lead, H2 (e) concrete, N2
16. The fast breeder reactor uses the following moderator
(a) demineralised water (b) carbon dioxide (c) heavy water
(d) graphite (e) no moderator is used
17. Boiling water reactor uses the following as moderator, coolant and working fluid
(a) ordinary fluid (b) heavy water (c) molten lead
(d) hydrogen gas (e) none of the above
18. Ideally the neutron flux in reactor should be
(a) maximum in centre and zero at side (b) maximum at side and zero in centre
(c) uniform throughout (d) zero throughout (e) none of the above
19. Hydrogen is preferred as better coolant in comparison to C02 because former
(a) is lighter (b) is inert (c) has high specific heat
(d) is a good conductor (e) all of the above
20. The risk of radioactive hazard is greatest in the turbine with following reactor
(a) pressurized water (b) boiling water
(c) gas cooled (d) liquid metal cooled
21. Pick up the wrong statement Fast breeder reactors
(a) operate at extremely high power densities.
(b) are liquid-metal cooled (c) produce more fuel than they consume
(d) are unmoderated (e) use water as coolant
 22. A pressurized water reactor employs pressurizer for the following application
(a) to maintain constant pressure in primary circuit under varying load
(b) to Supply high pressure steam
(c) to increase pressure of water in primary circuit
(d) to provide subcooled water at high pressure
(e) all of the above
23. The function of control rods in nuclear plants is to
(a) control temperature (b) control radioactive pollution
(c) control absorption of neutron (d) control fuel consumption
24. Breeder reactors employ liquid metal coolant because it
(a) acts as good moderator (b) produces maximum steam
(c) transfers heat from core at a fast rate (d) breeds neutrons
(e) increases rate of reaction in core
25. When a reactor becomes critical, then the production of neutrons is
(a) infinite (b) zero (c) initiated (d) stopped
(e) exactly balanced by the loss of neutrons through leakage
26. Superheated steam is generated in following reactor
(a) boiling water (b) gas cooled (c) pressurized water
(d) all of the above (e) none of the above
B. Subjective Questions.
1. Explain with neat sketch the construction and working of the nuclear power plant.
2. How nuclear reactors are classified?
3. (a) What are the different fuels used in nuclear power plants?
(b) How does a nuclear fission differ from nuclear fusion?
4. Draw a neat sketch of nuclear reactor and explain the functions of different
components.
5. Describe in brief giving neat sketch, the working of a pressurized water reactor plant.
Mention its advantages & disadvantages.
6. What is a Boiling Water Reactor? How does it differ from Pressurized Water
Reactor?
7. Explain the operation of CANDU reactor?
8. What are radioactive wastes?
(b) Give a brief account of nuclear waste disposal.
9. Explain the operation of Gas cooled reactors?
10. Explain the operation of fast breeder reactor?
Unit – V
A. Objective Questions
1. Load factor of a power station is generally
(a) equal to unity (b) less than unity (c) more than unity (d) none of the above
2. Demand factor is defined as
(a) average load/ maximum demand (b) maximum demand/connected load
(c) connected load/maximum demand (d) maximum demand x connected load
3. High load factor indicates that
(a) cost of generation per unit power is increased
(b) total plant capacity is utilized for most of the time
(c) total plant capacity is not properly utilized for most of the time
4. A load curve indicates
(a) average power used during the period
(b) average kWh (kW) energy consumption during the period
(c) neither (a) nor (b)
 5. Approximate estimate of power demand can be made by the method/methods
(a) load survey method (b) statistical methods (c) mathematical method
(d) economic parameters (e) all of the above
6. Annual depreciation cost is calculated by
(a) sinking fund method (b) straight line method
(c) estimate value (d) both (a) and (b)
7. Annual depreciation as per straight line method, is calculated by
(a) the capital cost divided by number of years of life
(b) the capital cost minus the salvage value, is divided by number of years of life
(c) investing a uniform sum of money for annum at stipulated rate of interest
8. A consumer has to pay lesser fixed charges in
(a) flat rate tariff (b) two part tariff (c) maximum demand tariff
9. In India the tariff for charging the consumers for the consumption of electricity is based
on
(a) straight meter rate (b) block meter rate
(c) reverse form of block meter rate (d) two part tariff
10. Which of the following power plant causes highest amount of air pollution?
(a) Thermal power plant (b) Hydroelectric power plant
(c) Nuclear power plant (d) Geothermal power plant
11. Which of the following gas is not emitted during combustion of coal?
(a) Oxides of sulphur (b) Oxides of Nitrogen
(c) Oxides of Mercury (d) Oxides of carbon
12. Which of the following pollutants emitted by thermal power plant causes irritation in
Eyes?
(a) Oxides of sulphur (b) Oxides of Nitrogen
(c) Oxides of Mercury d) Oxides of carbon
13. Which of the following pollutants emitted by thermal power plant is a cause of global
warming?
(a) NO (b) CO2 (c) SO2 (d) NO2
14. Which of the following pollutant causes acid rain?
(a) NO (b) CO2 (c) SO2 (d) NO2
15. Hydroelectric power plants with limited storage are suitable to supply __________
(a) Base load (b) Peak load (c) Base load and Peak load
d) Average load
16. Which power plant has minimum operating cost?
(a) Hydroelectric power plant (b) Thermal power plant
(c) Nuclear power plant (d) Gas Turbine Power Plant
17. Which of the following have highest operating cost?
(a) Hydroelectric power plant (b) Thermal power plant
(c) Nuclear power plant (d) Solar electric power plant
18. Which of the following least affect the cost of electricity produced in thermal power
plant?
(a) Cost of fuel (b) Cost of transportation (c) The load factor
(d) Salaries of higher officials
19. Which of the following power plant have longest physical life?
(a) Thermal power plant (b) Nuclear power plant
(c) Hydroelectric power plant (d) Diesel power plant
20. When load factor and diversity factor increases ___________
(a) cost of electricity decreases (b) cost of electricity also increases
(c) cost of electricity remains same (d) cost of electricity increases exponential
21. Which of the following has highest diversity factor?
(a) Domestic lightning (b) Commercial lightning
(c) Industrial power (d) Domestic power
22. The area under the load curve represents ____________
(a) the average load on power system (b) maximum demand
(c) number of units generated (d) load factor
23. Which of the following is equal to the maximum demand?
(a) The ratio of area under curve to the total area of rectangle
(b) The ratio of area under curve and number of hours
(c) The peak of the load curve (d) The area under the curve
24. Size and cost of installation depends upon ____________
(a) average load (b) maximum demand
(c) square mean load (d) square of peak load
25. The load factor is __________
(a) always less than unity (b) less than or greater than 1
(c) always greater than 1 (d) less than zero
B. Subjective Questions.
1. Define
i. Connected load
ii. Maximum demand
iii. Demand factor
iv. Load factor
v. Plant capacity factor
vi. Plant use factor
vii. Diversity factor
2. How load curve is constructed?
3. What do you understand by acid rains? What are the reasons for this? How are they
controlled?
4. What do you understand by thermal pollution? What are the bad effects of thermal
pollution?
5. Write briefly on Effluents from power plants.
6. List various gaseous emissions and suggest the suitable controlling methods.
7. A central power station has annual factors as follows:
Load factor : 60%
Capacity factor : 40%
Use factor : 50%
Power station has a maximum demand of 15 MW. Determine
(a) Annual energy production
(b) Reserve capacity over and above peak load
(c) Hours per year not in service
8. A power station has to supply load as follows:
Time (Hr) 0-6 6-12 12-14 14-18 18-24
Load (MW) 30 90 60 100 50
I. Draw the load curve
II. Draw load duration curve
III. Calculate load factor
IV. Calculate plant capacity
9. A residential consumer has 10 lamps of 40 watts each connected at his
residence. His demand is
Midnight to 5.00 A.M - 40 Watts
 5 A.M to 6 P.M - No load
6 P.M to 7 P.M - 320 Watts
7 P.M to 9 P.M - 360 Watts
9 P.M to 12.00 Midnight - 160 Watts
I. Plot the load curve
II. Find average load
III. Maximum load
IV. Load factor
V. Energy consumption during one day.
10. What are the pollution standards? And methods of controlling pollutants.