SIACHUA - Instrument Validation

Southville International School and Colleges
Institutional Research Office

SISC/QSF-OIR-019 College Division
Rev. 003 06/13/23
Instrument Validation Certificate
September 29, 2023

Juli-Ann A. Balmonte, MAP, MAN, RN
Faculty, College of Psychology
Dear Ms. Balmonte,
Greetings!
I am Clobelle Marie A. Siachua, undergraduate student of the Bachelor of Science in Psychology
program of Southville International School and Colleges. I am currently writing a thesis entitled:
“COMPASSION FATIGUE AND WELL-BEING OF SELECTED FIREFIGHTERS”.
My research aims to answer the following problems:

1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:
a) Demographics: Age, Civil status, and Type of Firefighter
b) Variables: Compassion Fatigue and Well-being
2. What is the relationship of compassion fatigue with well-being of the respondents?
3. Is there a significant difference on the relationship between compassion and the well-being
of the respondents when grouped according to:
a) Age
b) Civil status
c) Type of Firefighter
I would like to ask for your permission to validate the following instruments which I intend to use in
my study.
(a) Compassion Fatigue/Satisfaction Self-Test (CFST) by Dr. Charles Figley.

(b) Positive emotion, Engagement, Relationships, Meaning, and Accomplishment (PERMA-
profiler) by Julie Butler and Dr. Margaret Kern.
Attached herewith are the rubrics for face and content validation and the notes from the authors
on the use of the scales.
The assistance you will provide will surely contribute to the successful completion of this research.
Thank you very much for your usual support.
Respectfully yours, Noted by:
Clobelle Marie A. Siachua Miss Diana S. Imperio

Researcher Thesis Adviser
September 29, 2023

Rev. 003 06/13/23
Avelina L. Mandin, RGC, MAP

Dear Ms. Mandin,
Greetings!

a) Age
b) Civil status
my study.


September 29, 2023

Rev. 003 06/13/23
Aire F. Yukdawan, MAP, RPm

Dear Ms. Aire,
Greetings!

a) Age
b) Civil status
my study.


I. PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF THE ORIGINAL PSYCHOLOGICAL TOOLS AS REFERENCE FOR

CONTENT VALIDATION
Name of the Original Instrument: Compassion Fatigue/Satisfaction Self-Test

Rev. 003 06/13/23
Psychometric Properties Description

a. Objectives of the Instruments: The CFST measures the level of risk an individual might have to
developing compassion fatigue and is perhaps the most
universally applied measure due to its specific development for
the measurement of both direct and indirect trauma (Bride,
Radey & Figley, 2007; Marsay & Higson-Smith, 2005)
b. Internal Consistency: Cronbach’s alpha range coefficient of the instrument indicated a
high level of internal consistency, .86 to .94
c. Content Validity The CFST has a structured 66-items which are divided by two
sections; Items About You (1-45) and items about being a Helper
and Your Helping Environment (46-66).
d. Scoring Each item in the Compassion Fatigue Self-Test is rated on a 5-
point Likert scale. (0 = Never, 1 = Rarely, 2 = A Few Times, 3 =
Somewhat Often, 4 = Often, and 5 = Very Often)
Mark the items for scoring:

a. Put an x by the following 26 items: 1-3, 5, 9-11, 14, 19, 26-27,
30, 35, 37, 43, 46-47, 50, 52-55, 57, 59, 61, 66.
b. Put a check by the following 16 items: 17, 23-25, 41, 42, 45,
48, 49, 51, 56, 58, 60, 62-65.
c. Circle the following 23 items: 4, 6-8, 12, 13, 15, 16, 18, 20-22,
28, 29, 31-34, 36, 38-40, 44.
Add the numbers you wrote next to the items for each set of items
and note:
(a) Your potential for Compassion Satisfaction (x): 118 and
above=extremely high potential; 100-117=high potential; 82-
99=good potential; 64-81=modest potential; below 63=low
potential.
(b) Your risk for Burnout (check):36 or less=extremely low risk;
37-50=moderate risk; 51-75=high risk; 76-85=extremely high
risk.
(c) Your risk for Compassion Fatigue (circle): 26 or
less=extremely low risk, 27-30=low risk; 31-35=moderate risk;
36-40=high risk; 41 or more=extremely high risk.
II. PROPOSED CONTENT VALIDATION OF THE PSYCHOLOGICAL TOOLS FOR THE CURRENT
RESEARCH STUDY
Rev. 003 06/13/23
DIRECTION: Please rate the appropriateness of the attached instrument, Compassion

Fatigue/Satisfaction Self-Test (CFST), for the thesis entitled “Compassion Fatigue and Well-being of
Selected Firefighters” by Clobelle Marie A. Siachua
CRITERIA YES NO COMMENTS AND SUGGESTIONS

1. The standardized tool is appropriate to be
used for the proposed research study.
2. The standardized tool is extensive in
context and can answer questions stated in
the research study.
3. The standardized tool can be easily
understood by the respondents of the research
study.
Other Comments and Suggestions:

_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
Name of the Validator: Ms. Juli-Ann A. Balmonte Signature: ___________________

Designation: Faculty, College of Psychology Date: _______________________
RESEARCH STUDY
Rev. 003 06/13/23


the research study.
study.

_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
Name of the Validator: Ms. Aire F. Yukdawan Signature: ___________________

RESEARCH STUDY
Rev. 003 06/13/23


the research study.
study.

_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
Name of the Validator: Ms. Avelina L. Mandin Signature: ___________________

TITLE OF THE RESEARCH: COMPASSION FATIGUE AND WELL-BEING OF SELECTED FIREFIGHTERS

NAME OF INSTRUMENT: Compassion Fatigue/Satisfaction Self-Test (CSFT)
Rev. 003 06/13/23
A. INTRODUCTION
INSTRUCTION YES NO COMMENTS
Consider each of the following characteristics
about you and your current situation last
week. Kindly choose the number that reflects
how frequently you experienced these
characteristics the previous week.
SCALE/ SCORING YES NO COMMENTS
1. Be certain you respond to all items.
a. Mark items for scoring:
- Circle the following 23 items: 4,6-8,
12, 13, 15,
16, 18, 20-22, 28, 29, 31-34, 36, 38-40, 44.
- Put a check by the following 16 items:
17, 23- 25, 41, 42, 45, 48, 49, 51, 56,
58, 60, 62-65.
- Put an x by the following 26 items: 1-
3, 5, 9-11,14, 19, 26-27, 30, 35, 37,
43, 4647, 50, 52-55, 57, 59, 61, 66.
3. Add the numbers you wrote next to the
items for each set of items and note:
a. Your potential for Compassion Satisfaction
(x) 118 and above=extremely high potential;
100- 117=high potential;82-99=good
potential; 64- 81=modest potential; below
63=low potential.
b. Your risk for Burnout (check): 36 or
less=extremely low risk; 37-50=moderate
risk; 51-75 high risk; 76-85=extremely high
risk. c. Your risk for Compassion Fatigue
(circle): 26 or less = extremely low risk, 27-
30 = low risk, 31-35=moderate risk; 36-40 =
high risk, 41 or more = extremely high risk.
B. CONTENT
EVALUATION
ITEM GOOD FALSE ITEM TO BE COMMENTS
ITEM ITEM IMPROVED
Items About You:
1. I am happy.
2. I find my life satisfying
Rev. 003 06/13/23
3. I have beliefs that sustain

me
4. I feel estranged from others.
5. I find that I learn new things
from those I care for.
6. I force myself avoiding
certain activities or situations
because they remind me of a
frightening experience.
7. I find myself to avoid
certain thoughts or feelings
that remind me of a frightening
experience.
8.I have gaps in my memory
about frightening events.
9. I feel connected to others.
10. I feel calm.
11. I believe that I have a good
balance between my work and
my free time.
12. I have difficulty falling or
staying asleep.
13. I have outburst of anger or
irritability with little
provocation.
14. I am the person I always
wanted to be.
15. I startle easily.
16. While working with a
victim, I thought about
violence against the
perpetrator.
17. I am a sensitive person.
18. I have flashbacks
connected to those I help.
19. I have good peer support
when I need to work through a
highly stressful
experience.
20. I have had first hand
experience with traumatic
events in my adult life.
21. I have had first-hand
events in my childhood.
22. I think that I need to “work
Rev. 003 06/13/23
through “a traumatic
experience in my life.
23. I think that I need more
close friends.
24. I think that there is no one
to talk with about highly
stressful experiences.
25. I have concluded that I
work too hard for my own
good.
26. Working with those I help
brings me a great deal of
satisfaction.
27. I feel invigorated after
working with those I help.
28. I am frightened of things a
person I helped has said or
done to me.
29. I experience troubling
dreams similar to those I help.
30. I have happy thoughts
about those I help and how I
could help them.
31. I have experienced
intrusive thoughts of times
with especially difficult
people I helped.
32. I have suddenly and
involuntarily recalled a
frightening experience while
working with a person I
helped.
33. I am pre-occupied with
more than one person I help.
34. I am losing sleep over a
person I help’s traumatic
experiences.
35. I have joyful feelings about
how I can help the victims I
work with.
36. I think that I might have
been “infected” by the
traumatic stress of those I
help.
37. I think that I might be
positively “inoculated” by the
Rev. 003 06/13/23
traumatic stress of
those I help.
38. I remind myself to be less
concerned about the well-
being of those I help.
39. I have felt trapped by my
work as a helper.
40.I have a sense of
hopelessness associated with
41. I have felt “on edge” about
various things and I attribute
this to working
with certain people I help.
42. I wish that I could avoid
working with some people I
help.
43. Some people I help are
particularly enjoyable to work
with.
44. I have been in danger
working with people I help.
45. I feel that some people I
help dislike me personally.
Items About Being a Helper
and Your Helping
Environment:
46. I like my work as a helper.
47. I feel like I have the tools
and resources that I need to do
my work as a
helper.
48. I have felt weak, tired, run
down as a result of my work as
a helper.
49. I have felt depressed as a
result of my work as a helper.
50. I have thoughts that I am a
“success” as a helper.
51. I am unsuccessful at
separating helping from
personal life.
52. I enjoy my co-workers.
53. I depend on my co-workers
to help me when I need it.
54. My co-workers can depend
Rev. 003 06/13/23
on me for help when they need

it.
55. I trust my co-workers.
56. I feel little compassion
toward most of my co-
workers.
57.I am pleased with how I am
able to keep up with helping
technology.
58. I feel I am working more
for the money/prestige than for
personal fulfillment.
59. Although I have to do
paperwork that I don’t like, I
still have time to work
with those I help.
60. I find it difficult separating
my personal life from my
helper life.
61. I am pleased with how I
am able to keep up with
helping techniques and
protocols.
62. I have a sense of
worthlessness/disillusionment/
resentment associated with my
role as a helper.
“failure” as a helper.
64. I have thoughts that I am
not succeeding at achieving
my life goals.
65. I have to deal with
bureaucratic, unimportant
tasks in my work as a helper.
66. I plan to be a helper for a
long time.

_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

Rev. 003 06/13/23

A. INTRODUCTION
Rev. 003 06/13/23

12, 13, 15,
16, 18, 20-22, 28, 29, 31-34, 36, 38-40, 44.
17, 23- 25, 41, 42, 45, 48, 49, 51, 56,
58, 60, 62-65.
3, 5, 9-11,14, 19, 26-27, 30, 35, 37,
43, 4647, 50, 52-55, 57, 59, 61, 66.
63=low potential.
B. CONTENT
EVALUATION
ITEM ITEM IMPROVED
Items About You:
1. I am happy
me
Rev. 003 06/13/23

experience.
10. I feel calm.
my free time.
staying asleep.
provocation.
wanted to be.
perpetrator.
highly stressful
experience.
20. I have had first hand
close friends.
Rev. 003 06/13/23
good.
satisfaction.
done to me.
could help them.
people I helped.
helped.
experiences.
work with.
help.
traumatic stress of
those I help.
work as a helper.
Rev. 003 06/13/23

this to working
help.
with.
and Your Helping
Environment:
my work as a
helper.
a helper.
personal life.
it.
workers.
technology.
Rev. 003 06/13/23

with those I help.
helper life.
protocols.
role as a helper.
my life goals.
long time.

_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

Rev. 003 06/13/23

A. INTRODUCTION
12, 13, 15,
16, 18, 20-22, 28, 29, 31-34, 36, 38-40, 44.
17, 23- 25, 41, 42, 45, 48, 49, 51, 56,
58, 60, 62-65.
3, 5, 9-11,14, 19, 26-27, 30, 35, 37,
43, 4647, 50, 52-55, 57, 59, 61, 66.
Rev. 003 06/13/23

63=low potential.
B. CONTENT
EVALUATION
ITEM ITEM IMPROVED
Items About You:
1. I am happy
me
experience.
10. I feel calm.
Rev. 003 06/13/23
my free time.
staying asleep.
provocation.
wanted to be.
perpetrator.
highly stressful
experience.
20. I have had firsthand
close friends.
good.
satisfaction.
done to me.
Rev. 003 06/13/23

could help them.
people I helped.
helped.
experiences.
work with.
help.
traumatic stress of
those I help.
work as a helper.
this to working
help.
Rev. 003 06/13/23
with.
and Your Helping
Environment:
my work as a
helper.
a helper.
personal life.
it.
workers.
technology.
with those I help.
helper life.
Rev. 003 06/13/23

protocols.
role as a helper.
my life goals.
long time.

_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

Rev. 003 06/13/23

CONTENT VALIDATION
Name of the Original Instrument: Positive emotion, Engagement, Relationships, Meaning, and Accomplishments
(PERMA-Profiler)

a. Objectives of the Instruments: The PERMA-profiler measures the five pillars of well-being
defined by Seligman (2011) in his book Flourish: positive
emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and
accomplishment. It also measures negative emotions and health.
b. Internal Consistency: Cronbach's alpha coefficient of PERMA-Profiler indicated a high
level of internal consistency .93 (Mahamid et. al 2023)
c. Content Validity The measure consists of 23-items. The health, negative emotion,
loneliness, and overall happiness questions act as filler questions
and provide more information; for briefness, the 15-PERMA
questions (3 per PERMA domain) could be used, but we
recommend using the full measure.
d. Scoring PERMA-profiler is categorized into the following functions; Very
high functioning = 9 and above, High functioning = 8-8.9,
Normal functioning = 6.5 to 7.9, and Sub-optimal functioning = 5
to 6.4. All questions are scored on an 11-point scale ranging from
0 ("never," "terrible," and "not at all") to 10 ("always,"
"excellent," and "completely") depending on the question. Scores
are calculated as the average of the items comprising each factor.
Rev. 003 06/13/23
RESEARCH STUDY


the research study.
study.

_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

Rev. 003 06/13/23

CONTENT VALIDATION
(PERMA-Profiler)

Rev. 003 06/13/23
RESEARCH STUDY


the research study.
study.

_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

Rev. 003 06/13/23

CONTENT VALIDATION
(PERMA-Profiler)

Rev. 003 06/13/23
RESEARCH STUDY


the research study.
study.

_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

Rev. 003 06/13/23
NAME OF INSTRUMENT: Positive emotion, Engagement, Relationships, Meaning, and

Accomplishments (PERMA-Profiler)
A. INTRODUCTION
Before you begin, please read these
instructions carefully:
Each question includes a set of circular

buttons next to a range of response choices.
To share your response, click the circular
button that best matches your feelings and
experiences in the past week. You'll find five
options for each statement.
Scores are calculated as the average of the
items comprising each factor:
Positive Emotion: P = mean(P1,P2,P3)
Engagement: E = mean(E1,E2,E3)
Relationships: R = mean(R1,R2,R3)
Meaning M = mean(M1,M2,M3)
Accomplishment A = mean(A1,A2,A3)
Overall Well-being PERMA= mean
(P1,P2,P3,E1,E2,E3, R1,R2,R3, M1,M2,M3,
A1,A2,A3,hap)
Negative Emotion: N = mean(N1,N2,N3)
Health = H = mean(H1,H2,H3)
Loneliness Lon (single item)

12, 13, 15,
16, 18, 20-22, 28, 29, 31-34, 36, 38-40, 44.
17, 23- 25, 41, 42, 45, 48, 49, 51, 56,
58, 60, 62-65.
3, 5, 9-11,14, 19, 26-27, 30, 35, 37,
43, 4647, 50, 52-55, 57, 59, 61, 66.
Rev. 003 06/13/23

63=low potential.
B. CONTENT
EVALUATION
ITEM ITEM IMPROVED
Positive Emotions (P1, P2,
P3)
In general, how often do you
feel joyful?
feel positive?
In general, to what extent do
you feel contented?
Engagement (E1, E2, E3)
How often do you become
absorbed in what you are
doing?
you feel excited and interested
in things?
How often do you lose track of
time while doing something
you enjoy?
Relationships (R1, R2, R3)
To what extent do you receive
help and support from others
when you need it?
To what extent do you feel
loved?
How satisfied are you with
your personal relationships?
Meaning (M1, M2, M3)
you lead a purposeful and
meaningful life?
Rev. 003 06/13/23
you feel that what you do in

your life is valuable
and worthwhile?
To what extent do you
generally feel you have a sense
of direction in your
life?
Accomplishment (A1, A2,
A3)
How much of the time do you
feel you are making progress
towards accomplishing your
goals?
How often do you achieve the
important goals you have set
for yourself?
How often are you able to
handle your responsibilities?
Negative Emotion (N1, N2,
N3)
feel anxious?
feel angry?
feel sad?
Health (H1, H2, H3)
In general, how would you say
your health is?
your current physical health?
Compared to others of your
same age and sex, how is your
health?
Loneliness (Lon)
How lonely do you feel in
your daily life?

Rev. 003 06/13/23
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________


Rev. 003 06/13/23

A. INTRODUCTION

(P1,P2,P3,E1,E2,E3, R1,R2,R3, M1,M2,M3,
A1,A2,A3,hap)

12, 13, 15,
16, 18, 20-22, 28, 29, 31-34, 36, 38-40, 44.
17, 23- 25, 41, 42, 45, 48, 49, 51, 56,
58, 60, 62-65.
3, 5, 9-11,14, 19, 26-27, 30, 35, 37,
43, 4647, 50, 52-55, 57, 59, 61, 66.
Rev. 003 06/13/23
63=low potential.
B. CONTENT
EVALUATION
ITEM ITEM IMPROVED
P3)
feel joyful?
feel positive?
you feel contented?
doing?
in things?
you enjoy?
when you need it?
loved?
meaningful life?
Rev. 003 06/13/23

and worthwhile?
life?
A3)
goals?
for yourself?
N3)
feel anxious?
feel angry?
feel sad?
Health (H1, H2, H3)
your health is?
health?
Loneliness (Lon)
your daily life?

Rev. 003 06/13/23
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________


Rev. 003 06/13/23

A. INTRODUCTION

(P1,P2,P3,E1,E2,E3, R1,R2,R3, M1,M2,M3,
A1,A2,A3,hap)

12, 13, 15,
16, 18, 20-22, 28, 29, 31-34, 36, 38-40, 44.
17, 23- 25, 41, 42, 45, 48, 49, 51, 56,
58, 60, 62-65.
3, 5, 9-11,14, 19, 26-27, 30, 35, 37,
43, 4647, 50, 52-55, 57, 59, 61, 66.
Rev. 003 06/13/23
63=low potential.
B. CONTENT
EVALUATION
ITEM ITEM IMPROVED
P3)
feel joyful?
feel positive?
you feel contented?
doing?
in things?
you enjoy?
when you need it?
loved?
meaningful life?
Rev. 003 06/13/23

and worthwhile?
life?
A3)
goals?
for yourself?
N3)
feel anxious?
feel angry?
feel sad?
Health (H1, H2, H3)
your health is?
health?
Loneliness (Lon)
your daily life?

Rev. 003 06/13/23
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

A. ORIGINAL TOOL
Rev. 003 06/13/23
A.1 Compassion Fatigue/Satisfaction Self-Test (CFST)

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A.2 Positive and Negative emotions, Engagement, Relationships, Meanings, Accomplishments,

Health (PERMA-Profiler)
Rev. 003 06/13/23
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B. Email from the authors

B.1 CFST
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Reply from the author:

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B.2 PERMA-Profiler
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Reply from the Author:
A. ORIGINAL TOOL
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B.1 CFST
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B.2 PERMA-Profiler
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A. ORIGINAL TOOL
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B.1 CFST
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B.2 PERMA-Profiler
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Southville International School and Colleges

Institutional Research Office

September 29, 2023

Dear Ms. Balmonte,

My research aims to answer the following problems:

(a) Compassion Fatigue/Satisfaction Self-Test (CFST) by Dr. Charles Figley.

Respectfully yours, Noted by:

Clobelle Marie A. Siachua Miss Diana S. Imperio

September 29, 2023

Avelina L. Mandin, RGC, MAP

Dear Ms. Mandin,

My research aims to answer the following problems:

(a) Compassion Fatigue/Satisfaction Self-Test (CFST) by Dr. Charles Figley.

Respectfully yours, Noted by:

Clobelle Marie A. Siachua Miss Diana S. Imperio

September 29, 2023

Aire F. Yukdawan, MAP, RPm

Dear Ms. Aire,

My research aims to answer the following problems:

(a) Compassion Fatigue/Satisfaction Self-Test (CFST) by Dr. Charles Figley.

Respectfully yours, Noted by:

Clobelle Marie A. Siachua Miss Diana S. Imperio

I. PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF THE ORIGINAL PSYCHOLOGICAL TOOLS AS REFERENCE FOR

Name of the Original Instrument: Compassion Fatigue/Satisfaction Self-Test

Psychometric Properties Description

Mark the items for scoring:

DIRECTION: Please rate the appropriateness of the attached instrument, Compassion

CRITERIA YES NO COMMENTS AND SUGGESTIONS

Other Comments and Suggestions:

Name of the Validator: Ms. Juli-Ann A. Balmonte Signature: ___________________

DIRECTION: Please rate the appropriateness of the attached instrument, Compassion

CRITERIA YES NO COMMENTS AND SUGGESTIONS

Other Comments and Suggestions:

Name of the Validator: Ms. Aire F. Yukdawan Signature: ___________________

DIRECTION: Please rate the appropriateness of the attached instrument, Compassion

CRITERIA YES NO COMMENTS AND SUGGESTIONS

Other Comments and Suggestions:

Name of the Validator: Ms. Avelina L. Mandin Signature: ___________________

TITLE OF THE RESEARCH: COMPASSION FATIGUE AND WELL-BEING OF SELECTED FIREFIGHTERS

3. I have beliefs that sustain

on me for help when they need

Other Comments and Suggestions:

Name of the Validator: Ms. Avelina L. Mandin Signature: ___________________

TITLE OF THE RESEARCH: COMPASSION FATIGUE AND WELL-BEING OF SELECTED FIREFIGHTERS

- Circle the following 23 items: 4,6-8,

7. I find myself to avoid

working with those I help.

58. I feel I am working more

Other Comments and Suggestions:

Name of the Validator: Ms. Aire F. Yukdawan Signature: ___________________

TITLE OF THE RESEARCH: COMPASSION FATIGUE AND WELL-BEING OF SELECTED FIREFIGHTERS

items for each set of items and note:

dreams similar to those I help.

61. I am pleased with how I

Other Comments and Suggestions:

Name of the Validator: Ms. Juli-Ann A. Balmonte Signature: ___________________

I. PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF THE ORIGINAL PSYCHOLOGICAL TOOLS AS REFERENCE FOR

Psychometric Properties Description

DIRECTION: Please rate the appropriateness of the attached instrument, Compassion

CRITERIA YES NO COMMENTS AND SUGGESTIONS

Other Comments and Suggestions:

Name of the Validator: Ms. Juli-Ann A. Balmonte Signature: ___________________

I. PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF THE ORIGINAL PSYCHOLOGICAL TOOLS AS REFERENCE FOR