HIGH SCHOOL
Module 33
Biomolecules
1 Hour
Gain Attention
Inform Learners of objectives
At the end of this module, you should be able to:
Cognitive:
1. Identify the elements present in biomolecules such as carbohydrates, lipids,
proteins, and nucleic acids
Affective:
2. Recognize the importance of biomolecules in our daily lives
Psychomotor:
3. Examine the structure of the four major types of biomolecules
HIGH SCHOOL
Module 33
Biomolecules
Stimulate Recall of Prior Learning
Present the content and provide learning
guidance
● Carbohydrates are the most abundant class of molecules. They are known to
be the chief energy source of all living organisms.
● Carbohydrates are all made up of elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
● Carbohydrates can be grouped into two: the micro molecule –
monosaccharide; and the macromolecules – disaccharide and
polysaccharide.
● Glucose is the most important monosaccharide in nature since it
provides the immediate source of energy of the body’s cells and tissues.
● Disaccharides contain two monosaccharide units joined together by a
covalent bond known as glycosidic linkage.
● Maltose and lactose are the other disaccharides. Maltose is also known as
malt sugar while lactose is known as milk sugar.
● Carbohydrates that contain 10 monosaccharide units are called
polysaccharides. Starch, glycogen, and cellulose are the common
polysaccharides.
HIGH SCHOOL
Module 33
Biomolecules
● Lipids are water insoluble molecules that are composed of carbon, hydrogen,
and oxygen.
● Fats and oils are triglycerides that are combinations of glycerol and three
fatty acids.
● Proteins are complex biomolecules that contain amino acids linked through a
peptide bond.
● Amino acids are the building blocks of protein. The normal amino acid is
composed of a central carbon bonded to a hydrogen (H), a carboxyl group
(-COOH), d amino group (-NH2), and a side chain or R group.
● The building blocks of living organisms are the nucleic acids. They are
responsible in encoding, transmitting, and expressing genetic information.
● A nucleotide has three components: a phosphoric acid molecule phosphate
(PO4-3-), a five-carbon sugar molecule, and a molecule of a nitrogen-
containing base.
● There are two types of nucleic acids. These are the deoxyribonucleic acid
(DNA) and the ribonucleic acid (RNA). They differ in sugar content. RNA
contains the sugar ribose while DNA contains a sugar known as deoxyribose.
● The two purine bases are adenine (A) and guanine (G) while the three
pyrimidine bases are thymine (T), cytosine (C), and uracil (U).
Elicit Performance
HIGH SCHOOL
Module 33
Biomolecules
DIRECTIONS: Analyze the structure of biomolecules given below and answer the
guide
questions. Write your answer in your notebook.
1. What are the elements present in each structure for carbohydrates, proteins,
lipids,
and nucleic acid?
2. Are their structural formulas the same? Yes or no.
HIGH SCHOOL
Module 33
Biomolecules
Synthesis
Here are the module’s key ideas:
● Carbohydrates are the most abundant class of molecules. They are known to be
the chief energy source of all living organisms.
● Proteins are complex biomolecules that contain amino acids linked through a
peptide bond.
Assess performance
HIGH SCHOOL
Module 33
Biomolecules
Bibliography
HIGH SCHOOL
Module 33
Biomolecules
HIGH SCHOOL
Module 33
Biomolecules
