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Chapter 10 - Patterns of Inheritance
Chapter 10
Patterns of Inheritance
2. Skin color is coded for by several different genes which results in a range of skin colors
from very dark to very light. This is an example of
A. a multifactorial trait.
B. polygenic inheritance.
C. pleiotropy.
D. codominance.
E. incomplete dominance.
10-1
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Chapter 10 - Patterns of Inheritance
3. Sickle cell disease is caused by a single mutation in the DNA of a particular gene. A
person with this disease has red blood cells that lose their original donut shape and form a
sickle shape. People with this disorder suffer from low energy levels, blood clots, and strokes.
This is an example of
A. a multifactorial trait.
B. polygenic inheritance.
C. pleiotropy.
D. codominance.
E. incomplete dominance.
4. A couple has three children, two of which have blonde hair. The third child and both
parents have dark hair. What can be determined about the gene for hair color in this family?
A. It is an autosomal recessive trait.
B. It is an autosomal dominant trait.
C. It is a sex-linked dominant trait.
D. It is a sex-linked recessive trait.
E. It conveys a lethal mutation.
10-2
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Chapter 10 - Patterns of Inheritance
5. If both parents express a particular trait, but their child does not, what does this indicate
about the trait?
A. The trait is an autosomal dominant trait.
B. The trait is an autosomal recessive trait.
C. The trait is sex-linked recessive.
D. The trait is sex-linked dominant.
E. This is a lethal trait.
7. The garden pea was a good model for Mendel's genetics experiments. Which of the
following is NOT true regarding this model organism?
A. The plants were easy to grow.
B. Pea plants can either cross-pollinate or self-pollinate.
C. There was only one variety of pea available to Mendel.
D. The plants had several traits that were easily identified.
E. Most of the traits studied had no intermediate stage.
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Chapter 10 - Patterns of Inheritance
10. If a true-breeding tall pea plant is crossed with a tall pea plant of unknown parentage.
Which of the following is correct?
A. All of the offspring (F1) will be short.
B. Over several generations, no short individuals will appear.
C. Some short individuals may appear in the F2 generation.
D. It is impossible to determine based on the information provided.
E. Some of the F1 generation will be short.
10-4
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Chapter 10 - Patterns of Inheritance
11. Parents with the dominant phenotype cannot have offspring with the recessive phenotype.
A. True, because the dominant gene must be passed down from each parent.
B. True, because at least one dominant gene will be passed down from each parent.
C. False, because one parent could carry the recessive allele.
D. False, because both parents could carry the recessive allele.
E. True, because both parents have the dominant allele.
13. Which of the following is NOT true with regard to the law of segregation?
A. Each individual has 2 factors for each trait.
B. Genes segregate during gamete formation.
C. Gametes contain only 1 gene from each pair.
D. During fertilization, each new individual obtains 2 genes for each trait.
E. Each gamete contains 2 genes for each trait.
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Chapter 10 - Patterns of Inheritance
15. In a one-trait test cross, the phenotype that disappears in the F1 generation is the
A. dominant trait.
B. negative trait.
C. recessive trait.
D. heterozygote.
E. homozygote.
16. If a heterozygous dominant tall pea plant is crossed with a short pea plant, what is the
expected phenotypic ratio of tall:short plants?
A. 1:1
B. 1:2
C. 3:1
D. all tall
E. all short
10-6
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Chapter 10 - Patterns of Inheritance
10-7
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Chapter 10 - Patterns of Inheritance
19. Which of the following is true about an individual with the chromosomes shown in this
figure?
A. All offspring will have the dominant phenotype for each trait.
B. All offspring will have the recessive phenotype for each trait.
C. A maximum of four different gametes are possible with four traits.
D. The individual is heterozygous for all traits.
E. The individual is homozygous for at least one trait.
10-8
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Chapter 10 - Patterns of Inheritance
20. Referring to the figure shown here, which of the following are homologous
chromosomes?
A. Figure B with one chromosome having both capital and lowercase letters.
B. Figure B as is.
C. Figure A with different letters on one of the chromosomes.
D. Figure A with the same letters but the order randomized.
E. Figure B with different letters on each chromosome.
10-9
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Chapter 10 - Patterns of Inheritance
23. What are all possible gametes that can be produced by an individual with the following
genotype, FFGg?
A. Fg, FG
B. FF
C. Fg
D. FG, Fg, fG, fg
E. Fg, fG
24. How many different gametes can be produced from the genotype AaBBDDEeff?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 4
D. 8
E. 16
10-10
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Chapter 10 - Patterns of Inheritance
25. In a dihybrid cross where both parents are heterozygous, the phenotypic ratio is
A. 1:2:1.
B. 9:3:3:1.
C. 1:1:1.
D. 3:1.
E. 1:1:1:1.
26. During meiosis, each pair of alleles on the homologous chromosomes sorts independently
from all other pairs of alleles. This statement corresponds to
A. the rule of multiplication.
B. the law of segregation.
C. the law of probability.
D. gene theory.
E. the law of independent assortment.
10-11
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Chapter 10 - Patterns of Inheritance
27. Morgan breeds and sells snakes. He knows that he can make the most money by breeding
and selling albino snakes. Albinism is a recessive trait. His female albino corn snake just
produced six offspring. Two displayed normal coloration and four were albino. What do you
know about the genotype of the father?
A. He must be homozygous dominant.
B. He must be heterozygous.
C. He must be homozygous recessive.
D. He could be either heterozygous or homozygous dominant.
E. There is not enough information to determine the father's genotype.
28. Morgan breeds and sells snakes. He knows that he can make the most money by breeding
and selling albino snakes. Albinism is a recessive trait. His female albino corn snake just
produced six offspring. Two displayed normal coloration and four were albino. What do you
know about the genotype of the baby snakes with the normal coloration?
A. They must be homozygous dominant.
B. They must be homozygous recessive.
C. They must be heterozygous.
D. They could be either heterozygous or homozygous dominant.
E. There is not enough information to determine their genotype but we know that they must
carry the dominant allele.
10-12
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Chapter 10 - Patterns of Inheritance
29. Morgan breeds and sells snakes. He knows that he can make the most money by breeding
and selling albino snakes. Albinism is a recessive trait. His female albino corn snake just
produced six offspring. Two displayed normal coloration and four were albino. What is the
chance that another offspring produced by the same parents will be albino?
A. 0%
B. 25%
C. 50%
D. 75%
E. 100%
30. Morgan buys a male python from a snake dealer who tells him that the snake carries the
albino allele. What is the most effective way for Morgan verify this statement?
A. Breed the snake with a heterozygous female.
B. Breed the snake with a homozygous normal female.
C. Breed the snake with a female sibling.
D. Breed the snake with a homozygous recessive albino female.
E. He can breed the snake with any female and a portion of the offspring will always be
albino.
10-13
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Chapter 10 - Patterns of Inheritance
31. Morgan buys a male python from a snake dealer who tells him that the snake carries the
albino allele. Morgan mates the snake with an albino female and four normally pigmented
offspring are produced. Morgan rushes back to the snake dealer and demands his money back
stating that the male he bought is not heterozygous for the albino allele because all of its
offspring had normal pigmentation.
A. True because according to the laws of probability, at least one of the offspring should have
been an albino.
B. True because 50% of all offspring produced must be albino.
C. False because for each offspring there is a 50% chance that it will have normal
pigmentation.
D. False because a heterozygous male will only pass the dominant allele to its offspring.
E. True because if at least one parent is homozygous recessive, at least one of their offspring
must also show the recessive trait.
32. A long-winged Drosophila female with a gray body mates with a black, short-winged
male fly. The phenotypic ratio of the offspring is 1:1:1:1. What is the genotype of the female
fly?
A. LlGg
B. LLGG
C. llgg
D. LLgg
E. llGG
10-14
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Chapter 10 - Patterns of Inheritance
33. If the parental genotype is EeWw what are the potential allele combinations that could
occur at the end of Meiosis?
A. EW, Ew, eW, and ew
B. EW, EE, eW, and ww
C. WW, Ew, EW, and ew
D. EE, WW, ee, and ww
E. EW, Ew, ee and ww
34. The outcome of a genetic cross involving eye color and body type is predicted to have a
25%: 25%: 25%: 25% ratio. When bred the organisms produced offspring with the following
ratio 45%: 45%: 3%: 3%. These results are most likely due to:
A. the two genes in question being linked on the same chromosome
B. a spontaneous mutation within the offspring
C. pure chance
D. an innacurate prediction for the 25%: 25%: 25%: 25% ratio
E. the two genes being on separate chromosomes
10-15
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Chapter 10 - Patterns of Inheritance
35. Alleles that are linked on the same chromosome will assort independently during
Meiosis.
FALSE
Linked alleles will not assort independently. They are more likely to pass together to the
offspring.
36. Martha has a widow's peak and attached earlobes. Martha's dad had a straight hairline and
unattached earlobes. What is Martha's genotype?
A. WWEE
B. WwEE
C. wwee
D. WwEe
E. Wwee
10-16
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Chapter 10 - Patterns of Inheritance
37. Martha has widow's peak and attached earlobes. Martha's dad had a straight hairline and
unattached earlobes. If Martha marries a man that is heterozygous for both traits, what is the
probability that they will have a child with a widow's peak and attached earlobes?
A. 1/16
B. 1/8
C. 1/4
D. 1/2
E. 3/4
38. A cow with black and white patches is produced from a white bull and a black cow. This
is an example of
A. incomplete dominance.
B. codominance.
C. dominance/recessive trait.
D. polygenic.
E. pleiotropy.
10-17
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Chapter 10 - Patterns of Inheritance
40. If a homozygous black bull is mated with a homozygous white cow and the calf is gray,
this would be an example of ___________. However, if the calf has black and white spots this
would be an example of
A. incomplete dominance; a sex-linked trait.
B. complete dominance; polygenic trait.
C. codominance; homology.
D. incomplete dominance; codominance.
E. a sex-linked trait; a recessive trait.
10-18
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Chapter 10 - Patterns of Inheritance
42. A man with blood type A and a woman with blood type B can have a baby with blood
type O blood.
A. True, because A and B are the dominant blood types and both individuals could carry a
type O allele.
B. False, the child must have type AB blood.
C. True, because A and B are codominant.
D. False, because Type A and B are dominant blood types and these individuals cannot have
an offspring with the recessive blood type.
E. True, because only 1 O allele is needed.
43. A woman with Type AB blood marries a man with Type B blood. If they have children,
what are all the possible blood types for these individuals?
A. AB only
B. AB, AA, AO, and BO
C. AB, BB, AO, and BO
D. BB only
E. AA, BB, and AB
10-19
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Chapter 10 - Patterns of Inheritance
44. Amy has wavy hair and 6 fingers (an autosomal dominant trait). Which of the following
combinations are possible for her parents?
A. 5 only
B. 1 and 2
C. 1, 3, and 4
D. 2, 4, and 5
E. 2 and 4
10-20
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Chapter 10 - Patterns of Inheritance
47. Ryan has type A blood and is color-blind (an X-linked recessive trait). Which of the
following combinations are possible for his parents?
A. 1, 2, and 3
B. 1 and 2
C. 1, 3, and 4
D. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
E. 1, 3, 4, and 5
10-21
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Chapter 10 - Patterns of Inheritance
48. A homozygous red-eyed female Drosophila mates with a red-eyed male Drosophila.
What proportion of the female offspring will have white eyes?
A. 0%
B. 25%
C. 50%
D. 75%
E. 100%
49. A red-eyed male Drosophila mates with a red-eyed female Drosophila. One of the
female's parents had white eyes. What proportion of the male offspring will have white eyes?
A. 0%
B. 25%
C. 50%
D. 75%
E. 100%
10-22
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Chapter 10 - Patterns of Inheritance
51. Vitamin-D resistant rickets is a sex-linked dominant trait, which leads to softening of the
bones which can cause fractures and deformities. Rickets is often due to a deficiency of
vitamin D, however, with vitamin-D resistant rickets, ingestion of vitamin D is ineffective.
Maria's mother is normal and does not display any symptoms of this disease; however,
Maria's father has the disease. Maria marries a man that does not have the disease. What is the
probability that they will have a daughter that has the disease?
A. 0%
B. 25%
C. 50%
D. 75%
E. 100%
10-23
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Chapter 10 - Patterns of Inheritance
52. Vitamin-D resistant rickets is a sex-linked dominant trait, which leads to softening of the
bones which can cause fractures and deformities. Rickets is often due to a deficiency of
vitamin D, however, with vitamin-D resistant rickets, ingestion of vitamin D is ineffective.
Maria's mother is normal and does not display any symptoms of this disease; however,
Maria's father has the disease. Maria marries a man that does not have the disease. What is the
probability that they will have a son that has the disease?
A. 0%
B. 25%
C. 50%
D. 75%
E. 100%
10-24
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Chapter 10 - Patterns of Inheritance
54. Alleles A, B, and C are found on the same chromosome with alleles a, b, and c on the
homologous chromosome. If alleles A and C on one homologous chromosome, and a and c on
the other homologous chromosome are typically inherited together, this suggests that
A. A and C alleles are closer together than the a and c alleles.
B. the order of the alleles on one homologous chromosome is A, B, C.
C. alleles a and c are closer together than alleles c and b.
D. a recombinant gamete would contain alleles A, B, and C.
E. crossing over often occurs between sister chromatids.
56. The distance between the alleles for one trait and the alleles for a second trait is called the
A. map units.
B. gap distance.
C. dominant distance.
D. gene locus.
E. gaps.
10-25
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Chapter 10 - Patterns of Inheritance
57. The allele for white eyes is located at loci 12 while the allele for hairy body is located at
loci 16 on one chromosome. The allele for red eyes is located at loci 15 while the allele for
normal body is located at loci 17 on a second chromosome. Which allele combination has the
greater map distance?
A. white eyes and hairy body
B. white eyes and normal body
C. red eyes and normal body
D. red eyes and hairy body
E. white eyes and red eyes
58. Both parents are heterozygous for Tay-Sachs disease (an autosomal recessive disorder).
Three children in a row were born with Tay-Sachs disease. What is the chance that a fourth
child will have Tay-Sachs disease?
A. 25%
B. 0%
C. 50%
D. 75%
E. 100%
10-26
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Chapter 10 - Patterns of Inheritance
10-27
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Chapter 10 - Patterns of Inheritance
62. What genetic disorder is associated with the lack of an enzyme necessary for the normal
metabolism of the amino acid phenylalanine?
A. Phenylketonuria (PKU)
B. Marfan syndrome
C. Huntington disease
D. Sickle cell disease
E. Cystic fibrosis (CF)
63. Which genetic disorder is associated with an irregular shape of the red blood cells?
A. Sickle cell disease
B. Marfan syndrome
C. Huntington disease
D. Phenylketonuria (PKU)
E. Cystic fibrosis (CF)
10-28
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Chapter 10 - Patterns of Inheritance
64. Unattached earlobes (EE or Ee) are dominant over attached earlobes (ee). A couple both
have unattached earlobes. Both notice that one of their parents on both sides have attached
earlobes (ee). Therefore, they correctly assume that they are carriers for attached earlobes
(Ee). If the couple proceeds to have four children, then
A. they can be certain that three will be heterozygous and one homozygous recessive.
B. if the first three are heterozygous, the fourth must be homozygous recessive.
C. the children must repeat the grandparents' genotype (Ee).
D. all children must have unattached earlobes since both parents possess the dominant gene
for it.
E. two heterozygous, one homozygous dominant, and one homozygous recessive is a likely
outcome, but all heterozygous, or two, three or all four homozygous is also possible.
10-29
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Chapter 10 - Patterns of Inheritance
66. Traits that are controlled by several sets or pairs of alleles, such as skin color and height in
humans, are the result of what form of inheritance?
A. polygenic
B. incomplete dominance
C. multiple allele systems
D. simple Mendelian inheritance
E. codominance
68. Hydrangeas are a flowering plant with large showy blooms. When a plant is grown in
aluminum rich soil it has blue flowers; if the same plant is transplanted into soil that is lacking
aluminum the flowers produced will be pink. This is an example of
A. environmental effects
B. codominance
C. incomplete dominance
D. polygenetic inheritance
E. monohybrid inheritance
10-30
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Chapter 10 - Patterns of Inheritance
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