Professional Documents
Culture Documents
A. Multiple Choice
Key/
Page No.
e 3. Steroid hormones
271 a. are lipophilic.
b. may be converted into other hormones.
c. are derived from cholesterol.
d. are synthesized in steroidogenic cells and organs.
e. all of these.
58
e 6. Intracellular calcium levels have an effect on
324 a. cell motility.
b. cilia action.
c. secretion by exocytosis.
d. muscle contraction.
e. all of these.
a 7. Down-regulation
277 a. refers to the expression of fewer receptors at the cell surface as part of a
negative-feedback mechanism.
b. refers to the decrease in cortisol secretion that occurs as an animal's
metabolism slows down to its basal level.
c. occurs in response to too little hormone reaching the target cells.
d. is an idiopathic response to endocrine disrupters.
e. occurs in response to the excretion of excess hormone by the kidneys.
59
e 11. Which of the following is NOT a normal function of melanocyte stimulating
285 hormone (MSH)?
a. camouflage
b. immune suppression
c. pelage of feathers
d. appetite control
e. All of these are normal functions.
a 14. The anterior pituitary hormone ____________ stimulates the mammary glands to
288 produce milk.
a. prolactin
b. oxytocin
c. luteinizing hormone
d. growth hormone
e. none of these.
d 15. Which of the following have capillaries which are part of a portal system?
289 a. liver
b. pituitary
c. hypothalamus
d. liver, pituitary, and hypothalamus
e. pituitary and hypothalamus
60
d 16. Cortisol is secreted by the adrenal cortex in response to stress. In addition to its
290 function in a stress response, it functions in negative feedback by
a. inhibiting the hypothalamus so that corticotropin releasing hormone
(CRH) secretion is reduced.
b. reduces the secretion of ACTH by the anterior pituitary.
c. suppressing its own secretion by its actions on the hypothalamus and
anterior pituitary.
d. all of these.
d. none of these.
d 20. Unlike steroid hormones, thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) can be stored after
299 synthesis. This is due to the fact that
a. thyroid hormones are not membrane-permeant molecules.
b. thyroid hormones are protein hormones, and are stored in vesicles until
an elevation in intracellular calcium stimulates their release.
c. thyroid hormones are sequestered in colloid, surrounded by a wall of
follicular cells, and that presents too much of a barrier for the hormones
to pass through.
d. thyroid hormones remain attached to a larger protein molecule until the
thyroid is stimulated to secrete them, at which point they are cleaved
from the protein and diffuse from the cell into the circulation.
e. None of the above is correct.
61
c 21. Which of the following has NO relationship?
270 a. peptide hormones and secretory granules
b. steroids and lipid droplets
c. Catecholamines and adrenal cortex
d. peptide hormones and rough endoplasmic reticulum
e. thyroid hormones and lipophilic molecules
a 26. Mineralocorticoids such as aldosterone are produced primarily in the ____ of the
304 adrenal gland.
a. zona glomerulosa
b. zona fasciculata
c. zona reticularis
d. adrenal medulla
e. chromaffin cells
62
e 27. Endocrine rhythm, the rise and fall in hormone level,
276 a. is a response to external clues.
b. occurs in diurnal animals.
c. is influence by endogenous oscillators.
d. two of these.
e. all of these.
d 30. In female mammals, the androgen produced by the adrenal cortex that is of
307 physiological significance in females is
a. testosterone (TST).
b. dihydroxytestosterone (DHT).
c. estrogen (EST).
d. dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA).
e. thalidomide.
63
c 33. In many respects, cortisol and epinephrine duplicate each other's effects in the
310 stress response. However, cortisol and NOT epinephrine
a. causes an elevation in glucose in the blood.
b. causes an increase in fatty acids in the blood.
c. causes an increase in amino acids in the blood.
d. causes a decrease in glucose in the blood.
e. causes a mobilization of carbohydrates.
D 35. _____ are one of a few cell types that store glucose in the form of glycogen.
314 a. Glial cells
b. Liver cells
c. Muscle cells
d. All of these.
e. None of these.
A 36. Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver as regards glucose
316 homeostasis?
a. secreting ketone bodies in response to excess plasma glucose levels
b. storing glycogen when excess glucose is available
c. releasing glucose when plasma glucose levels drop
d. converting organic chemicals like amino acids into glucose via
gluconeogenesis
e. All of these are functions of the liver relating to glucose homeostasis.
64
B 38. Somatostatin functions in glucose homeostasis by
317 a. promoting reduced growth of the body, decreasing the need of individual
cells for glucose, and thereby promoting glucose sparing.
b. inhibiting digestion and absorption of nutrients, preventing
hyperglycemia.
c. inhibiting secretion of prolactin, reducing production of lactose for milk,
and preventing hypoglycemia.
d. doing all of these.
e. doing none of these.
True 1. Insulin is the only hormone capable of lowering blood glucose levels.
318
True 3. If the demand for calcium needed to produce egg shells regularly exceeds the
332 level of calcium intake, egg-laying birds may replace all of their medullary bone
to meet that demand.
False 5 Steroid hormones differ from peptide hormones in that all steroid hormones are
275 known to bind nuclear receptors.
65
True 6. Annetocin is an annelid hormone that is similar to vertebrate oxytocin.
279
False 7. The pineal gland connects to the hyothalamus via a portal system.
283
True 8. All eukaryotes have clock genes which interact in a cyclic fashion that lasts about
283 24 hours.
C. Matching (correct answers are aligned with each number; e.g., #1 matches with letter a)
D. Essay
Page No.
314 1. A healthy person has about two month's worth of energy stored in fat. Oxidation
of fats yields about 9 kcal/gram. Assuming a healthy adult requires 1500 kcal/day
to function, how many grams of fat does a typical, healthy adult have? How
much glycogen would a person have to store to have a comparable energy
supply, assuming a caloric yield of 4 kcal/gram?
66
* The answer to this question could be drawn from multiple points in the chapter.
321-323 3. Distinguish between diabetes mellitus type I and type II. Which is more
pharmacologically tractable? Why?
330 4. Compare and contrast the interactions between parathyroid hormone and
vitamin D in controlling plasma calcium levels. Be sure to include the directional
change in calcium levels, the organs involved, and where the hormone and
vitamin D are having their effects.
331 5. Discuss the homeostatic control of plasma phosphate levels in situations where
phosphate levels are too high and where they are too low. Be sure to include
such things as the hormones involved, organs involved, and the direction of
change in phosphate levels
67
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