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Financial Markets and Institutions

Abridged Edition 11th Edition Jeff


Madura Test Bank
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Chapter 8—Bond Valuation and Risk

1. The appropriate discount rate for valuing any bond is the


a. bond's coupon rate.
b. bond's coupon rate adjusted for the expected inflation rate over the life of the bond.
c. Treasury bill rate with an adjustment to include a risk premium if one exists.
d. yield that could be earned on alternative investments with similar risk and maturity.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate OBJ: FMAI.MADU.15.08.01
NAT: BUSPROG.FMAI.MADU.15.03 STA: DISC.FMAI.MADU.15.01
KEY: Bloom's: Comprehension

2. The valuation of bonds is generally perceived to be ____ the valuation of equity securities.
a. more difficult than
b. easier than
c. just as difficult as
d. none of the above
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy OBJ: FMAI.MADU.15.08.01
NAT: BUSPROG.FMAI.MADU.15.03 STA: DISC.FMAI.MADU.15.01
KEY: Bloom's: Knowledge

3. A bond with a $1,000 par value has an 8 percent annual coupon rate. It will mature in 4 years, and
annual coupon payments are made at the end of each year. Present annual yields on similar bonds are 6
percent. What should be the current price?
a. $1,069.31
b. $1,000.00
c. $9712
d. $927.66
e. none of the above
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Challenging OBJ: FMAI.MADU.15.08.01
NAT: BUSPROG.FMAI.MADU.15.03 STA: DISC.FMAI.MADU.15.01
KEY: Bloom's: Application

4. A bond with a ten percent coupon rate bond pays interest semi-annually. Par value is $1,000. The bond
has three years to maturity. The investors' required rate of return is 12 percent. What is the present
value of the bond?
a. $1,021
b. $1,000
c. $981
d. $951
e. none of the above
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Challenging OBJ: FMAI.MADU.15.08.01
NAT: BUSPROG.FMAI.MADU.15.03 STA: DISC.FMAI.MADU.15.01
KEY: Bloom's: Application

5. A bond with a 12 percent quarterly coupon rate has a yield to maturity of 16 percent. The bond has a
par value of $1,000 and matures in 20 years. Based on this information, a fair price of this bond is
$____.
a. 1,302
b. 763
c. 761

© 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted
in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.
d. 1,299
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate OBJ: FMAI.MADU.15.08.01
NAT: BUSPROG.FMAI.MADU.15.03 STA: DISC.FMAI.MADU.15.01
KEY: Bloom's: Application

6. From the perspective of investing institutions, the most attractive foreign bonds offer a ____ and are
denominated in a currency that ____ over the investment horizon.
a. high yield; appreciates
b. high yield; remains stable
c. low yield; appreciates
d. low yield; depreciates
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate OBJ: FMAI.MADU.15.08.05
NAT: BUSPROG.FMAI.MADU.15.03 STA: DISC.FMAI.MADU.15.01
KEY: Bloom's: Comprehension

7. The value of ____-risk securities will be relatively ____.


a. high; high
b. high; low
c. low; low
d. none of the above
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy OBJ: FMAI.MADU.15.08.01
NAT: BUSPROG.FMAI.MADU.15.03 STA: DISC.FMAI.MADU.15.01
KEY: Bloom's: Knowledge

8. The larger the investor's ____ relative to the ____, the larger the ____ of a bond with a particular par
value.
a. discount rate; required rate of return; discount
b. required rate of return; discount rate; discount
c. required rate of return; discount rate; premium
d. none of the above
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy OBJ: FMAI.MADU.15.08.01
NAT: BUSPROG.FMAI.MADU.15.03 STA: DISC.FMAI.MADU.15.01
KEY: Bloom's: Comprehension

9. If the coupon rate equals the required rate of return, the price of the bond
a. should be above its par value.
b. should be below its par value.
c. should be equal to its par value.
d. is negligible.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate OBJ: FMAI.MADU.15.08.01
NAT: BUSPROG.FMAI.MADU.15.03 STA: DISC.FMAI.MADU.15.01
KEY: Bloom's: Knowledge

10. When financial institutions expect interest rates to ____, they may ____.
a. increase; sell bonds and buy short-term securities
b. increase; sell short-term securities and buy bonds
c. decrease; sell bonds and buy short-term securities
d. B and C
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy OBJ: FMAI.MADU.15.08.02
NAT: BUSPROG.FMAI.MADU.15.03 STA: DISC.FMAI.MADU.15.01

© 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted
in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.
KEY: Bloom's: Comprehension

11. For a given par value of a bond, the higher the investor's required rate of return is above the coupon
rate, the
a. greater is the premium on the price.
b. greater is the discount on the price.
c. smaller is the premium on the price.
d. smaller is the discount on the price.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate OBJ: FMAI.MADU.15.08.01
NAT: BUSPROG.FMAI.MADU.15.03 STA: DISC.FMAI.MADU.15.01
KEY: Bloom's: Comprehension

12. Zero coupon bonds with a par value of $1,000,000 have a maturity of 10 years, and a required rate of
return of 9 percent. What is the current price?
a. $363,212
b. $385,500
c. $422,400
d. $424,100
e. none of the above
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate OBJ: FMAI.MADU.15.08.01
NAT: BUSPROG.FMAI.MADU.15.03 STA: DISC.FMAI.MADU.15.01
KEY: Bloom's: Application

13. If the coupon rate ____ the required rate of return, the price of a bond ____ par value.
a. equals; equals
b. exceeds; is less than
c. is less than; is greater than
d. B and C
e. none of the above
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy OBJ: FMAI.MADU.15.08.01
NAT: BUSPROG.FMAI.MADU.15.03 STA: DISC.FMAI.MADU.15.01
KEY: Bloom's: Knowledge

14. As interest rates increase, long-term bond prices


a. increase by a greater degree than short-term bond prices.
b. increase by an equal degree as short-term bond prices.
c. decrease by a greater degree than short-term bond prices.
d. decrease by an equal degree as short-term bond prices.
e. decrease by a smaller degree than short-term bond prices.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy OBJ: FMAI.MADU.15.08.03
NAT: BUSPROG.FMAI.MADU.15.03 STA: DISC.FMAI.MADU.15.01
KEY: Bloom's: Comprehension

15. The prices of bonds with ____ are most sensitive to interest rate movements.
a. high coupon payments
b. zero coupon payments
c. small coupon payments
d. none of the above (The size of the coupon payment does not affect sensitivity of bond
prices to interest rate movements.)
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy OBJ: FMAI.MADU.15.08.03

© 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted
in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.
NAT: BUSPROG.FMAI.MADU.15.03 STA: DISC.FMAI.MADU.15.01
KEY: Bloom's: Knowledge

16. A(n) ____ in the expected level of inflation results in ____ pressure on bond prices.
a. increase; upward
b. increase; downward
c. decrease; downward
d. none of the above
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy OBJ: FMAI.MADU.15.08.02
NAT: BUSPROG.FMAI.MADU.15.03 STA: DISC.FMAI.MADU.15.01
KEY: Bloom's: Knowledge

17. Other things held constant, bond prices should increase when inflationary expectations rise.
a. True
b. False

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Easy OBJ: FMAI.MADU.15.08.02


NAT: BUSPROG.FMAI.MADU.15.03 STA: DISC.FMAI.MADU.15.01
KEY: Bloom's: Knowledge

18. An expected ____ in economic growth places ____ pressure on bond prices.
a. increase; downward
b. increase; upward
c. decrease; downward
d. none of the above
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy OBJ: FMAI.MADU.15.08.02
NAT: BUSPROG.FMAI.MADU.15.03 STA: DISC.FMAI.MADU.15.01
KEY: Bloom's: Comprehension

19. Assume that the price of a $1,000 zero coupon bond with five years to maturity is $567 when the
required rate of return is 12 percent. If the required rate of return suddenly changes to 15 percent, what
is the price elasticity of the bond?
a. −.980
b. +.980
c. −.494
d. +.494
e. none of the above
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate OBJ: FMAI.MADU.15.08.03
NAT: BUSPROG.FMAI.MADU.15.03 STA: DISC.FMAI.MADU.15.01
KEY: Bloom's: Application

20. If a financial institution's bond portfolio contains a relatively large portion of ____, it will be ____.
a. high coupon bonds; more favorably affected by declining interest rates
b. zero or low coupon bonds; more favorably affected by declining interest rates
c. zero or low coupon bonds; more favorably affected by rising interest rates
d. high coupon bonds; completely insulated from rising interest rates
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate OBJ: FMAI.MADU.15.08.03
NAT: BUSPROG.FMAI.MADU.15.03 STA: DISC.FMAI.MADU.15.01
KEY: Bloom's: Comprehension

© 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted
in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.
21. The prices of ____-coupon and ____ maturities are most sensitive to changes in the required rate of
return.
a. low; short
b. low; long
c. high; short
d. high; long
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate OBJ: FMAI.MADU.15.08.03
NAT: BUSPROG.FMAI.MADU.15.03 STA: DISC.FMAI.MADU.15.01
KEY: Bloom's: Knowledge

22. An insurance company purchases corporate bonds in the secondary market with six years to maturity.
Total par value is $55 million. The coupon rate is 11 percent, with annual interest payments. If the
expected required rate of return in 4 years is 9 percent, what will the market value of the bonds be
then?
a. $52,115,093
b. $55,341,216
c. $55,000,000
d. $56,935,022
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate OBJ: FMAI.MADU.15.08.01
NAT: BUSPROG.FMAI.MADU.15.03 STA: DISC.FMAI.MADU.15.01
KEY: Bloom's: Application

23. A $1,000 par bond with five years to maturity is currently priced at $892. Annual interest payments are
$90. What is the yield to maturity?
a. 13 percent
b. 12 percent
c. 11 percent
d. 10 percent
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate OBJ: FMAI.MADU.15.08.03
NAT: BUSPROG.FMAI.MADU.15.03 STA: DISC.FMAI.MADU.15.01
KEY: Bloom's: Application

24. A bank buys bonds with a par value of $25 million for $24,040,000. The coupon rate is 10 percent, and
the bonds pay annual payments. The bonds mature in four years. The bank wants to sell them in two
years, and estimates the required rate of return in two years will be 8 percent. What will the market
value of the bonds be in two years?
a. $24,113,418
b. $24,667,230
c. $25,000,000
d. $25,891,632
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate OBJ: FMAI.MADU.15.08.01
NAT: BUSPROG.FMAI.MADU.15.03 STA: DISC.FMAI.MADU.15.01
KEY: Bloom's: Application

25. The price of short-term bonds are commonly ____ those of long-term bonds.
a. more volatile than
b. equally volatile as
c. less volatile than
d. A and C occur with about equal frequency
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate OBJ: FMAI.MADU.15.08.02

© 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted
in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.
NAT: BUSPROG.FMAI.MADU.15.03 STA: DISC.FMAI.MADU.15.01
KEY: Bloom's: Knowledge

26. Assume that the value of liabilities equals that of earning assets. If asset portfolio durations are ____
than liability portfolio durations, then the market value of assets are ____ interest-rate sensitive than
the market value of liabilities.
a. greater; more
b. greater; equally
c. greater; less
d. less; equally
e. B and D
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate OBJ: FMAI.MADU.15.08.03
NAT: BUSPROG.FMAI.MADU.15.03 STA: DISC.FMAI.MADU.15.01
KEY: Bloom's: Comprehension

27. As interest rates consistently rise over a specific period, the market price of a bond you own would
likely ____ over this period. (Assume no major change in the bond's default risk.)
a. consistently increase
b. consistently decrease
c. remain unchanged
d. change in a direction that cannot be determined with the above information
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy OBJ: FMAI.MADU.15.08.02
NAT: BUSPROG.FMAI.MADU.15.03 STA: DISC.FMAI.MADU.15.01
KEY: Bloom's: Knowledge

28. As interest rates consistently decline over a specific period, the market price of a bond you own would
likely ____ over this period. (Assume no major change in the bond's default risk.)
a. consistently increase
b. consistently decrease
c. remain unchanged
d. change in a direction that cannot be determined with the above information
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy OBJ: FMAI.MADU.15.08.02
NAT: BUSPROG.FMAI.MADU.15.03 STA: DISC.FMAI.MADU.15.01
KEY: Bloom's: Knowledge

29. If analysts expect that the demand for loanable funds will increase, and the supply of loanable funds
will decrease, they would most likely expect interest rates to ____ and prices of existing bonds to
____.
a. increase; increase
b. increase; decrease
c. decrease; decrease
d. decrease; increase
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate OBJ: FMAI.MADU.15.08.02
NAT: BUSPROG.FMAI.MADU.15.03 STA: DISC.FMAI.MADU.15.01
KEY: Bloom's: Comprehension

30. If analysts expect that the demand for loanable funds will decrease, and the supply of loanable funds
will increase, they would most likely expect interest rates to ____ and prices of existing bonds to ____.
a. increase; increase
b. increase; decrease
c. decrease; decrease

© 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted
in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.
d. decrease; increase
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate OBJ: FMAI.MADU.15.08.02
NAT: BUSPROG.FMAI.MADU.15.03 STA: DISC.FMAI.MADU.15.01
KEY: Bloom's: Comprehension

31. Consider a coupon bond that sold at par value two years ago. If interest rates are much lower now than
when this bond was issued, the coupon rate of that bond will likely be ____ the prevailing interest
rates, and the present value of the bonds will be ____ its par value.
a. above; above
b. above; below
c. below; below
d. below; above
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate OBJ: FMAI.MADU.15.08.03
NAT: BUSPROG.FMAI.MADU.15.03 STA: DISC.FMAI.MADU.15.01
KEY: Bloom's: Comprehension

32. Consider a coupon bond that sold at par value two years ago. If interest rates are much higher now
than when this bond was issued, the coupon rate of that bond will likely be ____ the prevailing interest
rates, and the present value of the bonds will be ____ its par value.
a. above; above
b. above; below
c. below; below
d. below; above
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate OBJ: FMAI.MADU.15.08.03
NAT: BUSPROG.FMAI.MADU.15.03 STA: DISC.FMAI.MADU.15.01
KEY: Bloom's: Comprehension

33. If bond portfolio managers expect interest rates to increase in the future, they would likely ____ their
holdings of bonds now, which could cause the prices of bonds to ____ as a result of their actions.
a. increase; increase
b. increase; decrease
c. decrease; decrease
d. decrease; increase
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate OBJ: FMAI.MADU.15.08.03
NAT: BUSPROG.FMAI.MADU.15.03 STA: DISC.FMAI.MADU.15.01
KEY: Bloom's: Comprehension

34. If bond portfolio managers expect interest rates to decrease in the future, they would likely ____ their
holdings of bonds now, which could cause the prices of bonds to ____ as a result of their actions.
a. increase; increase
b. increase; decrease
c. decrease; decrease
d. decrease; increase
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate OBJ: FMAI.MADU.15.08.03
NAT: BUSPROG.FMAI.MADU.15.03 STA: DISC.FMAI.MADU.15.01
KEY: Bloom's: Comprehension

35. Which of the following will most likely cause bond prices to increase? (Assume no possibility of
higher inflation in the future.)
a. reduced Treasury borrowing along with anticipation that money supply growth will

© 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted
in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.
decrease
b. reduced Treasury borrowing along with anticipation that money supply growth will
increase
c. an anticipated drop in money supply growth along with increasing Treasury borrowing
d. higher levels of Treasury borrowing and corporate borrowing
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate OBJ: FMAI.MADU.15.08.02
NAT: BUSPROG.FMAI.MADU.15.03 STA: DISC.FMAI.MADU.15.01
KEY: Bloom's: Comprehension

36. If the United States announces that it will borrow an additional $10 billion, this announcement will
normally cause the bond traders to expect
a. higher interest rates in the future, and will buy bonds now.
b. higher interest rates in the future, and will sell bonds now.
c. stable interest rates in the future, and will buy bonds now.
d. lower interest rates in the future, and will buy bonds now.
e. lower interest rates in the future, and will sell bonds now.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate OBJ: FMAI.MADU.15.08.02
NAT: BUSPROG.FMAI.MADU.15.03 STA: DISC.FMAI.MADU.15.01
KEY: Bloom's: Comprehension

37. The market value of long-term bonds is ____ sensitive to interest rate movements; as interest rates fall,
the market value of long-term bonds ____.
a. slightly; rises
b. very; rises
c. very; declines
d. slightly; declines
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate OBJ: FMAI.MADU.15.08.03
NAT: BUSPROG.FMAI.MADU.15.03 STA: DISC.FMAI.MADU.15.01
KEY: Bloom's: Comprehension

38. The bonds that are most sensitive to interest rate movements have
a. no coupon and a short-term maturity.
b. high coupons and a short-term maturity.
c. high coupons and a long-term maturity.
d. no coupon and a long-term maturity.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate OBJ: FMAI.MADU.15.08.03
NAT: BUSPROG.FMAI.MADU.15.03 STA: DISC.FMAI.MADU.15.01
KEY: Bloom's: Knowledge

39. When two securities have the same expected cash flows, the value of the ____ security will be higher
than the value of the ____ security.
a. high-risk; low-risk
b. low-risk; high-risk
c. high-risk; high-risk
d. low-risk; low-risk
e. none of the above
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy OBJ: FMAI.MADU.15.08.01
NAT: BUSPROG.FMAI.MADU.15.03 STA: DISC.FMAI.MADU.15.01
KEY: Bloom's: Knowledge

© 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted
in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.
40. Morgan would like to purchase a bond that has a par value of $1,000, pays $80 at the end of each year
in coupon payments, and has 10 years remaining until maturity. If the prevailing annualized yield on
other bonds with similar characteristics is 6 percent, how much will Morgan pay for the bond?
a. $1,000.00
b. $1,147.20
c. $856.80
d. none of the above
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Challenging OBJ: FMAI.MADU.15.08.01
NAT: BUSPROG.FMAI.MADU.15.03 STA: DISC.FMAI.MADU.15.01
KEY: Bloom's: Application

41. Sioux Financial Corp. has forecasted its bond portfolio value for one year ahead to be $105 million. In
one year, it expects to receive $10,000,000 in coupon payments. The bond portfolio today is worth
$101 million. What is the forecasted return of this bond portfolio?
a. 10 percent
b. 8.82 percent
c. 4.32 percent
d. 13.86 percent
e. none of the above
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Challenging OBJ: FMAI.MADU.15.08.APP
NAT: BUSPROG.FMAI.MADU.15.03 STA: DISC.FMAI.MADU.15.01
KEY: Bloom's: Application

42. Hurricane Corp. recently purchased corporate bonds in the secondary market with a par value of $11
million, a coupon rate of 12 percent (with annual coupon payments), and four years until maturity. If
Bullock intends to sell the bonds in two years and expects investors' required rate of return at that time
on similar investments to be 14 percent at that time, what is the expected market value of the bonds in
two years?
a. $9.33 million
b. $11.00 million
c. $10.64 million
d. $9.82 million
e. none of the above
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Challenging OBJ: FMAI.MADU.15.08.01
NAT: BUSPROG.FMAI.MADU.15.03 STA: DISC.FMAI.MADU.15.01
KEY: Bloom's: Application

43. Assume a bond with a $1,000 par value and an 11 percent coupon rate, two years remaining to
maturity, and a 10 percent yield to maturity. The duration of this bond is
a. 1.90 years.
b. 1.50 years.
c. 1.92 years.
d. none of the above
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate OBJ: FMAI.MADU.15.08.03
NAT: BUSPROG.FMAI.MADU.15.03 STA: DISC.FMAI.MADU.15.01
KEY: Bloom's: Application

44. Assume a bond with a $1,000 par value and an 11 percent coupon rate, two years remaining to
maturity, and a 10 percent yield to maturity. The modified duration of this bond is
a. 1.73 years.
b. 1.71 years.

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in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.
c. 1.90 years.
d. none of the above
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate OBJ: FMAI.MADU.15.08.03
NAT: BUSPROG.FMAI.MADU.15.03 STA: DISC.FMAI.MADU.15.01
KEY: Bloom's: Application

45. The relationship reflecting the actual response of a bond's price to a change in bond yields is
a. concave.
b. convex.
c. linear.
d. quadratic.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate OBJ: FMAI.MADU.15.08.03
NAT: BUSPROG.FMAI.MADU.15.03 STA: DISC.FMAI.MADU.15.01
KEY: Bloom's: Knowledge

46. If the level of inflation is expected to ____, there will be ____ pressure on interest rates and ____
pressure on the required rate of return on bonds.
a. increase; upward; downward
b. decrease; upward; downward
c. decrease; upward; upward
d. increase; downward; upward
e. increase; upward; upward
ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate OBJ: FMAI.MADU.15.08.02
NAT: BUSPROG.FMAI.MADU.15.03 STA: DISC.FMAI.MADU.15.01
KEY: Bloom's: Comprehension

47. Using a(n) ____ strategy, investors allocate funds evenly to bonds in each of several different maturity
classes.
a. matching
b. laddered
c. barbell
d. interest rate
e. none of the above
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy OBJ: FMAI.MADU.15.08.04
NAT: BUSPROG.FMAI.MADU.15.03 STA: DISC.FMAI.MADU.15.01
KEY: Bloom's: Knowledge

48. With a(n) ____ strategy, funds are allocated to bonds with a short term to maturity and bonds with a
long term to maturity. Thus, this strategy allocates some funds to achieving a relatively high return and
other funds to covering liquidity needs.
a. matching
b. laddered
c. barbell
d. interest rate
e. none of the above
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate OBJ: FMAI.MADU.15.08.04
NAT: BUSPROG.FMAI.MADU.15.03 STA: DISC.FMAI.MADU.15.01
KEY: Bloom's: Knowledge

49. Which of the following bonds is most susceptible to interest rate risk from an investor's perspective?

© 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted
in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.
a. short-term, high-coupon
b. short-term, low-coupon
c. long-term, high-coupon
d. long-term, zero-coupon
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy OBJ: FMAI.MADU.15.08.03
NAT: BUSPROG.FMAI.MADU.15.03 STA: DISC.FMAI.MADU.15.01
KEY: Bloom's: Knowledge

50. Which of the following is most likely to cause a decrease in bond prices?
a. a decrease in money supply growth and an increase in the demand for loanable funds
b. a forecast of decreasing oil prices
c. a forecast of a stronger dollar
d. an increase in money supply growth and no change in the demand for loanable funds
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate OBJ: FMAI.MADU.15.08.02
NAT: BUSPROG.FMAI.MADU.15.03 STA: DISC.FMAI.MADU.15.01
KEY: Bloom's: Comprehension

51. If the Treasury issues an unusually large amount of bonds in the primary market, it places ____ on
bond prices, and ____ on yields to be earned by investors that purchase bonds and plan to hold them to
maturity.
a. downward pressure; downward pressure
b. downward pressure; upward pressure
c. upward pressure; upward pressure
d. upward pressure; downward pressure
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate OBJ: FMAI.MADU.15.08.02
NAT: BUSPROG.FMAI.MADU.15.03 STA: DISC.FMAI.MADU.15.01
KEY: Bloom's: Comprehension

52. Assume bond portfolio managers actively manage their portfolios. If they expect interest rates to ____,
they would shift toward ____.
a. increase; long-maturity bonds with zero-coupon rates
b. decrease; short-maturity bonds with high-coupon rates
c. increase; high-coupon bonds with long maturities
d. decrease; long-maturity bonds with zero-coupon rates
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate OBJ: FMAI.MADU.15.08.03
NAT: BUSPROG.FMAI.MADU.15.03 STA: DISC.FMAI.MADU.15.01
KEY: Bloom's: Application

53. The market price of a bond is partly determined by the timing of the payments made to bondholders.
a. True
b. False

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Easy OBJ: FMAI.MADU.15.08.01


NAT: BUSPROG.FMAI.MADU.15.03 STA: DISC.FMAI.MADU.15.01
KEY: Bloom's: Knowledge

54. The appropriate price of a bond is simply the sum of the cash flows to be received.
a. True
b. False

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Easy OBJ: FMAI.MADU.15.08.01

© 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted
in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.
NAT: BUSPROG.FMAI.MADU.15.03 STA: DISC.FMAI.MADU.15.01
KEY: Bloom's: Knowledge

55. The valuation of bonds is generally perceived to be more difficult than the valuation of equity
securities.
a. True
b. False

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Easy OBJ: FMAI.MADU.15.08.01


NAT: BUSPROG.FMAI.MADU.15.03 STA: DISC.FMAI.MADU.15.01
KEY: Bloom's: Knowledge

56. Bonds that sell below their par value are called premium bonds.
a. True
b. False

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Easy OBJ: FMAI.MADU.15.08.01


NAT: BUSPROG.FMAI.MADU.15.03 STA: DISC.FMAI.MADU.15.01
KEY: Bloom's: Knowledge

57. A zero-coupon bond makes no coupon payments.


a. True
b. False

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Easy OBJ: FMAI.MADU.15.08.01


NAT: BUSPROG.FMAI.MADU.15.03 STA: DISC.FMAI.MADU.15.01
KEY: Bloom's: Knowledge

58. If the coupon rate of a bond is above the investor's required rate of return, the price of the bond should
be below its par value.
a. True
b. False

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate OBJ: FMAI.MADU.15.08.01


NAT: BUSPROG.FMAI.MADU.15.03 STA: DISC.FMAI.MADU.15.01
KEY: Bloom's: Comprehension

59. An increase in either the risk-free rate or the general level of the risk premium on bonds results in a
higher required rate of return and therefore causes bond prices to increase.
a. True
b. False

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate OBJ: FMAI.MADU.15.08.02


NAT: BUSPROG.FMAI.MADU.15.03 STA: DISC.FMAI.MADU.15.01
KEY: Bloom's: Comprehension

60. The long-term, risk-free interest rate is driven by inflationary expectations, economic growth, the
money supply, and the budget deficit.
a. True
b. False

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Easy OBJ: FMAI.MADU.15.08.02


NAT: BUSPROG.FMAI.MADU.15.03 STA: DISC.FMAI.MADU.15.01
KEY: Bloom's: Knowledge

© 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted
in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.
61. If the level of inflation is expected to decrease, there will be upward pressure on interest rates and on
the required rate of return on bonds.
a. True
b. False

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Easy OBJ: FMAI.MADU.15.08.02


NAT: BUSPROG.FMAI.MADU.15.03 STA: DISC.FMAI.MADU.15.01
KEY: Bloom's: Comprehension

62. Foreign investors anticipating dollar depreciation are less willing to hold U.S. bonds because the
coupon payments will convert to less of their home currency.
a. True
b. False

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Easy OBJ: FMAI.MADU.15.08.02


NAT: BUSPROG.FMAI.MADU.15.03 STA: DISC.FMAI.MADU.15.01
KEY: Bloom's: Knowledge

63. Any announcement that signals stronger than expected economic growth tends to increase bond prices.
a. True
b. False

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Easy OBJ: FMAI.MADU.15.08.02


NAT: BUSPROG.FMAI.MADU.15.03 STA: DISC.FMAI.MADU.15.01
KEY: Bloom's: Knowledge

64. Bond price elasticity is the percentage change in bond prices divided by the percentage change in the
required rate of return.
a. True
b. False

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Easy OBJ: FMAI.MADU.15.08.03


NAT: BUSPROG.FMAI.MADU.15.03 STA: DISC.FMAI.MADU.15.01
KEY: Bloom's: Knowledge

65. As interest rates increase, prices of short-term bonds will decline by a greater degree than prices on
long-term bonds.
a. True
b. False

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate OBJ: FMAI.MADU.15.08.03


NAT: BUSPROG.FMAI.MADU.15.03 STA: DISC.FMAI.MADU.15.01
KEY: Bloom's: Knowledge

66. Duration is a measure of bond price sensitivity.


a. True
b. False

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Easy OBJ: FMAI.MADU.15.08.03


NAT: BUSPROG.FMAI.MADU.15.03 STA: DISC.FMAI.MADU.15.01
KEY: Bloom's: Knowledge

© 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted
in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.
67. A bond portfolio containing a large portion of zero-coupon bonds will be more favorably affected by
declining interest rates than a bond portfolio containing no zero-coupon bonds.
a. True
b. False

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Easy OBJ: FMAI.MADU.15.08.03


NAT: BUSPROG.FMAI.MADU.15.03 STA: DISC.FMAI.MADU.15.01
KEY: Bloom's: Knowledge

68. International diversification of bonds reduces the sensitivity of a bond portfolio to any single country's
interest rate movements.
a. True
b. False

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Easy OBJ: FMAI.MADU.15.08.05


NAT: BUSPROG.FMAI.MADU.15.03 STA: DISC.FMAI.MADU.15.01
KEY: Bloom's: Knowledge

69. In a laddered strategy, investors create a bond portfolio that will generate periodic income that can
match their expected periodic expenses.
a. True
b. False

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Easy OBJ: FMAI.MADU.15.08.04


NAT: BUSPROG.FMAI.MADU.15.03 STA: DISC.FMAI.MADU.15.01
KEY: Bloom's: Comprehension

70. Which of the following formulas best describes the value of a bond?
a.

b.

c.

d.

e. none of the above


ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate OBJ: FMAI.MADU.15.08.01
NAT: BUSPROG.FMAI.MADU.15.03 STA: DISC.FMAI.MADU.15.01
KEY: Bloom's: Knowledge

71. Stephanie would like to purchase a bond that has a par value of $1,000, pays $80 at the end of each
year in coupon payments, and has ten years remaining until maturity. If the prevailing annualized yield
on other bonds with similar characteristics is 6 percent, how much will Stephanie pay for the bond?
a. $1,000.00
b. $1,147.20
c. $856.80
d. none of the above
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Challenging OBJ: FMAI.MADU.15.08.01
NAT: BUSPROG.FMAI.MADU.15.03 STA: DISC.FMAI.MADU.15.01

© 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted
in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.
KEY: Bloom's: Application

72. Julia just purchased a $1,000 par value bond with a 10 percent annual coupon rate and a life of twenty
years. The bond has four years remaining until maturity, and the yield to maturity is 12 percent. How
much did Julia pay for the bond?
a. $1,063.40
b. $1,000
c. $939.25
d. none of the above
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Challenging OBJ: FMAI.MADU.15.08.01
NAT: BUSPROG.FMAI.MADU.15.03 STA: DISC.FMAI.MADU.15.01
KEY: Bloom's: Application

73. To determine the present value of a bond that pays semiannual interest, which of the following
adjustments should not be made to compute the price of the bond?
a. The annualized coupon should be split in half.
b. The annual discount rate should be divided by 2.
c. The number of annual periods should be doubled.
d. The par value should be split in half.
e. All of the above adjustments have to be made.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate OBJ: FMAI.MADU.15.08.01
NAT: BUSPROG.FMAI.MADU.15.03 STA: DISC.FMAI.MADU.15.01
KEY: Bloom's: Comprehension

74. A $1,000 par value bond, paying $50 semiannually, with an 8 percent yield to maturity and five years
remaining to maturity should sell for
a. $1,000.00.
b. $1,081.11.
c. $798.70.
d. $880.22.
e. none of the above.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate OBJ: FMAI.MADU.15.08.01
NAT: BUSPROG.FMAI.MADU.15.03 STA: DISC.FMAI.MADU.15.01
KEY: Bloom's: Application

75. If the level of inflation is expected to ____, there will be ____ pressure on interest rates and ____
pressure on the required rate of return on bonds.
a. increase; upward; downward
b. decrease; upward; downward
c. decrease; upward; upward
d. increase; upward; upward
e. increase; downward; upward
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate OBJ: FMAI.MADU.15.08.02
NAT: BUSPROG.FMAI.MADU.15.03 STA: DISC.FMAI.MADU.15.01
KEY: Bloom's: Comprehension

76. An economic announcement signaling ____ economic growth in the future will probably cause bond
prices to ____.
a. weak; decrease
b. strong; increase
c. weak; increase

© 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted
in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.
d. strong; decrease
e. Answers C and D are correct.
ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Easy OBJ: FMAI.MADU.15.08.02
NAT: BUSPROG.FMAI.MADU.15.03 STA: DISC.FMAI.MADU.15.01
KEY: Bloom's: Knowledge

77. Because of a change in the required rate of return from 11 percent to 13 percent, the bond price of a
zero-coupon bond will fall from $1,000 to $860. Thus, the bond price elasticity for this bond is
a. 0.77.
b. −0.77.
c. −0.90.
d. −1.06.
e. none of the above.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy OBJ: FMAI.MADU.15.08.03
NAT: BUSPROG.FMAI.MADU.15.03 STA: DISC.FMAI.MADU.15.01
KEY: Bloom's: Application

78. The required rate of return on a certain bond changes from 12 percent to 8 percent, causing the price of
the bond to change from $900 to $1,100. The bond price elasticity of this bond is
a. −0.36.
b. −0.44.
c. −0.55.
d. −0.67.
e. 0.67.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy OBJ: FMAI.MADU.15.08.03
NAT: BUSPROG.FMAI.MADU.15.03 STA: DISC.FMAI.MADU.15.01
KEY: Bloom's: Application

79. Assume a bond with a $1,000 par value and an 11 percent coupon rate, two years remaining to
maturity, and a 10 percent yield to maturity. The duration of this bond is ____ years.
a. 1.92
b. 1.50
c. 1.90
d. none of the above
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate OBJ: FMAI.MADU.15.08.03
NAT: BUSPROG.FMAI.MADU.15.03 STA: DISC.FMAI.MADU.15.01
KEY: Bloom's: Application

80. A bond has a $1,000 par value and an 8 percent coupon rate. The bond has four years remaining to
maturity and a 10 percent yield to maturity. This bond's modified duration is ____ years.
a. 1.33
b. 1.27
c. 3.24
d. 1.31
e. none of the above
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate OBJ: FMAI.MADU.15.08.03
NAT: BUSPROG.FMAI.MADU.15.03 STA: DISC.FMAI.MADU.15.01
KEY: Bloom's: Application

© 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted
in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.
81. If investors rely strictly on modified duration to estimate the percentage change in the price of a bond,
they will tend to ____ the price decline associated with an increase in rates and ____ the price increase
associated with a decrease in rates.
a. underestimate; underestimate
b. overestimate; overestimate
c. underestimate; overestimate
d. overestimate; underestimate
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate OBJ: FMAI.MADU.15.08.03
NAT: BUSPROG.FMAI.MADU.15.03 STA: DISC.FMAI.MADU.15.01
KEY: Bloom's: Comprehension

82. In the ____ strategy, funds are allocated to bonds with a short term to maturity and bonds with a long
term to maturity.
a. matching
b. laddered
c. barbell
d. interest rate
e. none of the above
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy OBJ: FMAI.MADU.15.08.04
NAT: BUSPROG.FMAI.MADU.15.03 STA: DISC.FMAI.MADU.15.01
KEY: Bloom's: Knowledge

83. Using a(n) ____ strategy, investors allocate funds evenly to bonds in each of several different maturity
classes.
a. matching
b. laddered
c. barbell
d. interest rate
e. none of the above
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy OBJ: FMAI.MADU.15.08.04
NAT: BUSPROG.FMAI.MADU.15.03 STA: DISC.FMAI.MADU.15.01
KEY: Bloom's: Knowledge

84. Which of the following is not a factor affecting the market price of a foreign bond held by a U.S.
investor?
a. foreign interest rate movements
b. credit risk
c. exchange rate fluctuations
d. All of the above are factors affecting the market price of a foreign bond.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy OBJ: FMAI.MADU.15.08.05
NAT: BUSPROG.FMAI.MADU.15.03 STA: DISC.FMAI.MADU.15.01
KEY: Bloom's: Comprehension

85. When holding other factors constant, increased borrowing by the Treasury can result in a _______
required return and therefore _______ prices on existing bonds.
a. higher; lower
b. higher; higher
c. lower; higher
d. lower; lower
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate OBJ: FMAI.MADU.15.08.02

© 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted
in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.
NAT: BUSPROG.FMAI.MADU.15.03 STA: DISC.FMAI.MADU.15.01
KEY: Bloom's: Comprehension

86. Holding other factors constant, a higher budget deficit leads to ______ interest rates, and higher
inflationary expectations lead to _______ interest rates.
a. higher; lower
b. higher; higher
c. lower; higher
d. lower; lower
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy OBJ: FMAI.MADU.15.08.02
NAT: BUSPROG.FMAI.MADU.15.03 STA: DISC.FMAI.MADU.15.01
KEY: Bloom's: Comprehension

87. The credit risk premium tends to be larger for bonds that have longer terms to maturity.

a. True
b. False

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Easy OBJ: FMAI.MADU.15.08.02


NAT: BUSPROG.FMAI.MADU.15.03 STA: DISC.FMAI.MADU.15.01
KEY: Bloom's: Knowledge

88. The ____________ was recently established to identify risks in the U.S. financial system and make
regulatory recommendations that could reduce such risks.
a. Financial Risk Assessment Commission
b. Financial Markets Protection Agency
c. Financial Stability Oversight Council
d. Federal Bureau of Financial Markets
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy OBJ: FMAI.MADU.15.08.02
NAT: BUSPROG.FMAI.MADU.15.03 STA: DISC.FMAI.MADU.15.01
KEY: Bloom's: Knowledge

89. When the European Central Bank provides credit to a country that is experiencing debt repayment
problems, the ECB commonly:
a. allows the country’s government to conduct its own monetary policy.
b. recommends that the country withdraw from the eurozone.
c. urges the country’s government to increase spending and lower taxes to stimulate the
economy.
d. imposes austerity conditions to enable the government to reduce its budget deficit.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate OBJ: FMAI.MADU.15.08.05
NAT: BUSPROG.FMAI.MADU.15.03 STA: DISC.FMAI.MADU.15.01
KEY: Bloom's: Comprehension

90. Although the European debt crisis has had substantial effects on European financial markets, the crisis
has been contained and has not affected markets and financial institutions outside Europe.

a. True
b. False

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Easy OBJ: FMAI.MADU.15.08.05


NAT: BUSPROG.FMAI.MADU.15.03 STA: DISC.FMAI.MADU.15.01
KEY: Bloom's: Knowledge

© 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted
in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.
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Temperature in acute simple meningitis,

717

718

in cerebral hemorrhage and apoplexy,

937

in cerebral hyperæmia,

770

in cerebral meningeal hemorrhage,

713

in chorea,

449
in concussion of the brain,

909

in epilepsy,

480

in general paralysis of the insane,

179

in hemiplegia,

960

in hysteria,

252

in infantile spinal paralysis,

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in tabes dorsalis,

833

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551

in tetanus neonatorum,

564

in the opium habit,

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657

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in tubercular meningitis,

726

,
728

in tumors of the spinal cord,

1095

of face, in progressive unilateral facial atrophy,

696

of head, in tumors of brain,

1036

Tendon reflexes in chorea,

448

in epilepsy,

481

Tenotomy in writers' cramp,


538

indications for, in infantile spinal paralysis,

1158

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203

Termination of chorea,

449

of progressive unilateral facial atrophy,

699

of tumors of brain,

1045

of spinal cord,
1106

ETANUS

544

Definition,

544

Diagnosis,

551

from hysterical spasm and cerebro-spinal meningitis,

552

from strychnia-poisoning and hydrophobia,

552
Etiology,

544-547

Age, race, and sex, influence on causation,

544

Atmospheric and climatic conditions,

544

Theories regarding origin,

546

547

Traumatic causes,

545

Morbid anatomy,

548
Prognosis,

553

Symptoms,

549

Digestive and urinary organs, disorders of,

551

Mental condition in,

550

Prodromata,

549

Pulse and temperature in,

550

Spasms, seat and characters of,

549
,

550

Treatment,

555-562

Alcohol, use,

559

Bleeding, use,

555

Calabar bean and cannabis indica, use,

557

Chloral and potassium bromide, use,

559

Conium, use,

557
Curare, use,

556

Mercury, use,

555

Opium, use,

557

Preventive,

561

Surgical measures,

559-562

Tobacco and anæsthetics, use,

566
Tetanus neonatorum,

563

Etiology,

563

Sims on displacement of occipital bone as a cause,

563

Morbid anatomy,

564

Symptoms,

564

Treatment,

565

Tetanus, puerperal, treatment,


562

Thermic fever,

388

Diagnosis,

396

Etiology,

388

Alcohol, influence on causation,

389

Race, influence on causation,

389

Post-mortem changes in and theories of the disease,

392
Sequelæ,

399

Symptoms,

389

Cerebral,

390

391

Digestive disorders,

390

391

Entero-colitis of infancy, relation of, to,

390
Motor system, disturbances of,

391

Synonyms,

388

Treatment and prophylaxis,

396

Antipyrine, use,

398

Bleeding, use,

398

399

Blisters, use,

398-400
Cold and cold baths, use,

396

397

Morphia, use,

398

of cerebral,

398

of pyrexia,

396

397

of sequelæ,

398
Thomsen's disease,

461

Thrombosis of cerebral veins and sinuses,

982

of spinal cord,

808

Tic douloureux,

1233

Tinnitus aurium in hyperæmia,

772

in nervous diseases,

40
,

41

in tabes dorsalis,

834

Tinnitus in cerebral anæmia,

780

Titubation, in nervous diseases,

49

Tobacco, abuse of, influence on causation of alcoholism,

577

of tabes dorsalis,

854
of tremor,

429

of writers' cramp,

512

use, in tetanus,

556

Tongue-biting in epilepsy,

481

state of, in cerebral hemorrhage and apoplexy,

941

in labio-glosso-laryngeal paralysis,

1171
in tubercular meningitis,

725

726

729

Tonic spasms in nervous diseases,

44

Tonics, use, in catalepsy,

338

in melancholia,

160

Tonka, use, in neuralgia,


1229

Torsion of abdominal walls in treatment of hystero-epilepsy,

311

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463

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