Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Matching
A) eight
B) deoxy
C) peptidoglycan
D) axial
E) anomers
F) two
G) lactose
H) glyceraldehyde
I) amylopectin
J) epimers
K) sixteen
L) glycogen
M) equatorial
N) chitin
O) hyaluronic acid
P amylose
1. Glucose, with its four chiral carbon atoms, has ______ possible stereoisomers.
Ans: K
Level of Difficulty: Easy
Section: 8.1.A
Learning objective: Monosaccharides
Ans: H
Level of Difficulty: Easy
Section: 8.1.A
Learning objective: Monosaccharides
Ans: E
Level of Difficulty: Easy
Section: 8.1.A
Learning objective: Monosaccharides
1
4. Bulky ring substituents preferentially occupy ______ positions in the chair conformation.
Ans: M
Level of Difficulty: Easy
Section: 8.1.B
Learning objective: Monosaccharides
5. The ______ sugars are monosaccharides in which a hydroxyl group is replaced with a
hydrogen atom.
Ans: B
Level of Difficulty: Easy
Section: 8.1.C
Learning objective: Monosaccharides
Ans: G
Level of Difficulty: Easy
Section: 8.2.A
Learning objective: Polysaccharides
Ans: N
Level of Difficulty: Easy
Section: 8.2.B
Learning objective: Polysaccharides
8. Both (1→4) and (1→6) bonds can be found in the plant product______.
Ans: I
Level of Difficulty: Easy
Section: 8.2.C
Learning objective: Polysaccharides
2
9. An example of a homopolysaccharide in liver and muscle is ______.
Ans: L
Level of Difficulty: Easy
Section: 8.2.C
Learning objective: Polysaccharides
Ans: O
Level of Difficulty: Moderate
Section: 8.2.C
Learning objective: Polysaccharides
Ans: C
Level of Difficulty: Easy
Section: 8.3.B
Learning objective: Glycoproteins
3
Multiple Choice
12. How many stereoisomers are possible for an aldopentose such as ribose?
A) 2
B) 4
C) 8
D) 16
E) 32
Ans: C
Level of Difficulty: Easy
Section: 8.1.A
Learning objective: Monosaccharides
13. How many stereoisomers are possible for a ketopentose such as ribulose?
A) 2
B) 4
C) 8
D) 16
E) 32
Ans: B
Level of Difficulty: Easy
Section: 8.1.A
Learning objective: Monosaccharides
4
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
This figure is used in questions 14-16
14. Which of the sugars shown in the figure above are L sugars?
A) A and B
B) B and C
C) C and D
D) A and D
E) None of the above
Ans: C
Level of Difficulty: Moderate
Section: 8.1.A
Learning objective: Monosaccharides
5
15. Which sugar shown in the figure above is the enantiomer of sugar A?
A) B
B) C
C) D
D) B and D
E) none of the above
Ans: C
Level of Difficulty: Moderate
Section: 8.1.A
Learning objective: Monosaccharides
16. Which two sugars shown in the figure above are epimers?
A) A and B
B) B and C
C) C and D
D) A and D
E) None of the above
Ans: A
Level of Difficulty: Easy
Section: 8.1.A
Learning objective: Monosaccharides
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
This figure is used in questions 17-21.
6
17. Which of the structures shown in the figure above is galactose?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) None of the above
Ans: C
Level of Difficulty: Moderate
Section: 8.1.A
Learning objective: Monosaccharides
18. Which structure(s) shown in the figure above represent reducing sugar(s)?
A) A
B) D
C) C and D
D) A, B, C, and D
E) A, B, and C
Ans: E
Level of Difficulty: Moderate
Section: 8.1.A
Learning objective: Monosaccharides
Ans: D
Level of Difficulty: Easy
Section: 8.1.A
Learning objective: Monosaccharides
7
20. Which structure shown in the figure above is ribose?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) None of the above
Ans: A
Level of Difficulty: Easy
Section: 8.1.A
Learning objective: Monosaccharides
Ans: A
Level of Difficulty: Easy
Section: 8.1.A
Learning objective: Monosaccharides
8
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
This figure is used in questions 22-25.
Ans: A
Level of Difficulty: Moderate
Section: 8.1.A
Learning objective: Monosaccharides
9
23. Which structure shown in the figure above represents a ketose?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) None of the above
Ans: E
Level of Difficulty: Moderate
Section: 8.1.A
Learning objective: Monosaccharides
24. Which structures shown in the figure above represent possible structures of glucose?
A) A
B) A and B
C) A and C
D) A, B, and C
E) None of the above
Ans: B
Level of Difficulty: Moderate
Section: 8.1.A
Learning objective: Monosaccharides
Ans: E
Level of Difficulty: Easy
Section: 8.1.A
Learning objective: Monosaccharides
10
26. Alcohols react with aldehydes to form
A) hemiketals.
B) lactones.
C) lactams.
D) glycosides.
E) hemiacetals.
Ans: E
Level of Difficulty: Easy
Section: 8.1.B
Learning objective: Monosaccharides
27. At equilibrium in solution, D-glucose consists of a mixture of its anomers. Which statement
most accurately describes this solution?
A) The solution consists of approximately equal amounts of the - and -anomers.
B) The straight-chain form is present in high concentration.
C) The -anomer is more stable and is slightly preferred over the -anomer.
D) The -anomer predominates over the -anomer by a ratio of approximately 2:1.
E) None of the answers above is correct.
Ans: D
Level of Difficulty: Moderate
Section: 8.1.B
Learning objective: Monosaccharides
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
This figure is used in questions 28-30.
11
28. The structure shown in the figure above represents a
A) glucopyranose.
B) ribofuranose.
C) myo-inositol.
D) fructofuranose.
E) glucofuranose.
Ans: D
Level of Difficulty: Moderate
Section: 8.1.B
Learning objective: Monosaccharides
29. Which of the carbon atoms shown in the figure above represent the anomeric carbon?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E
Ans: E
Level of Difficulty: Moderate
Section: 8.1.B
Learning objective: Monosaccharides
30. The configuration around which carbon atom shown in the figure above determines whether
this is a D or an L sugar?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E
Ans: A
Level of Difficulty: Moderate
Section: 8.1.B
Learning objective: Monosaccharides
12
31. The transformation of a monosaccharide into its ______ occurs easily and does not require
the assistance of a catalyst.
A) epimer
B) anomer
C) sugar alcohol
D) diastereomer
E) none of the above
Ans: B
Level of Difficulty: Easy
Section: 8.1.B
Learning objective: Monosaccharides
Ans: E
Level of Difficulty: Moderate
Section: 8.1.B
Learning objective: Monosaccharides
13
33. The structure below shows -D-gulopyranose.
Ans: C
Level of Difficulty: Moderate
Section: 8.1.B
Learning objective: Monosaccharides
Ans: C
Level of Difficulty: Moderate
Section: 8.1.C
Learning objective: Monosaccharides
14
35. The figure below shows structures of several types of sugars. Which one is an aldonic acid?
Ans: D
Level of Difficulty: Moderate
Section: 8.1.C
Learning objective: Monosaccharides
36. The figure below shows structures of several types of sugars. Which one is an alditol?
Ans: B
Level of Difficulty: Moderate
Section: 8.1.C
Learning objective: Monosaccharides
15
37. Uronic acids
A) are aldoses where the aldehyde is oxidized to a carboxylic acid.
B) are aldoses where the 1° alcohol is oxidized to a carboxylic acid.
C) can be found in the pyranose or furanose forms.
D) A and C are both correct.
E) B and C are both correct.
Ans: E
Level of Difficulty: Moderate
Section: 8.1.C
Learning objective: Monosaccharides
Ans: A
Level of Difficulty: Moderate
Section: 8.1.C
Learning objective: Monosaccharides
39. The bonding of alcohols to the anomeric center of a carbohydrate results in the formation of
a(n) __________ bond.
A) anomeric
B) amide
C) glycosidic
D) ester
E) hydrogen
Ans: C
Level of Difficulty: Easy
Section: 8.1.C
Learning objective: Monosaccharides
16
40. Which of the structures below represents a glucoside?
Ans: B
Level of Difficulty: Easy
Section: 8.1.C
Learning objective: Monosaccharides
41. A saccharide that has free aldehyde group is called a(n) _____________.
A) ketose
B) nonreducing sugar
C) reducing sugar
D) aldohexose
E) alditol
Ans: C
Level of Difficulty: Easy
Section: 8.1.C
Learning objective: Monosaccharides
Ans: A
Level of Difficulty: Easy
Section: 8.1.C
Learning objective: Monosaccharides
17
43. Which of the following is the most abundant disaccharide?
A) lactose
B) cellulose
C) α-amylose
D) maltose
E) sucrose
Ans: E
Level of Difficulty: Easy
Section: 8.2.A
Learning objective: Polysaccharides
Ans: E
Level of Difficulty: Difficult
Section: 8.2.A
Learning objective: Polysaccharides
Ans: C
Level of Difficulty: Moderate
Section: 8.2.A
Learning objective: Polysaccharides
18
46. Which of the following statements applies to all artificial sweeteners?
A) Artificial sweeteners cannot be readily metabolized.
B) Artificial sweeteners are peptides and provide important amino acids.
C) Artificial sweeteners have fewer calories than sucrose.
D) Artificial sweeteners are much sweeter than sucrose.
E) all of the above
Ans: D
Level of Difficulty: Moderate
Section: 8.2.A
Learning objective: Polysaccharides
47. Which of the following polysaccharides cannot be digested by mammalian salivary, gastric,
or pancreatic enzymes?
A) cellulose
B) amylopectin
C) amylose
D) glycogen
E) starch
Ans: A
Level of Difficulty: Easy
Section: 8.2.B
Learning objective: Polysaccharides
48. Which of the following polysaccharides cannot be digested by mammalian salivary, gastric,
or pancreatic enzymes?
A) amylopectin
B) amylose
C) chitin
D) glycogen
E) starch
Ans: C
Level of Difficulty: Easy
Section: 8.2.B
Learning objective: Polysaccharides
19
49. Which of these polysaccharides is a branched polymer?
A) chitin
B) amylose
C) cellulose
D) amylopectin
E) hyaluronic acid
Ans: D
Level of Difficulty: Moderate
Section: 8.2.B
Learning objective: Polysaccharides
Ans: D
Level of Difficulty: Easy
Section: 8.2.B
Learning objective: Polysaccharides
51. Cellulose is
A) a linear copolymer of glucose and galactose.
B) a branched polymer of glucose.
C) a linear polymer of glucose with β(1→4) linkages.
D) a linear polymer of glucose with α(1→4) linkages.
E) sometimes called starch.
Ans: C
Level of Difficulty: Easy
Section: 8.2.B
Learning objective: Polysaccharides
20
52. Which polysaccharide is found in a helically coiled conformation?
A) chitin
B) α-amylose
C) cellulose
D) lignin
E) none of the above
Ans: B
Level of Difficulty: Moderate
Section: 8.2.C
Learning objective: Polysaccharides
A) cellulose
B) starch
C) chitin
D) glycogen
E) amylose
Ans: B
Level of Difficulty: Moderate
Section: 8.2.B
Learning objective: Polysaccharides
Ans: A
Level of Difficulty: Moderate
Section: 8.2.B
Learning objective: Polysaccharides
21
55. Which of the following is an example of a heteropolysaccharide?
A) cellulose
B) chitin
C) starch
D) glycogen
E) hyaluronic acid
Ans: E
Level of Difficulty: Moderate
Section: 8.2.D
Learning objective: Polysaccharides
56. Glycoproteins
A) are only found in bacteria.
B) are extremely homogeneous.
C) are typically less than 1% carbohydrate by weight.
D) are assembled under strict genetic control.
E) exhibit microheterogeneity.
Ans: E
Level of Difficulty: Easy
Section: 8.3.A
Learning objective: Glycoproteins
Ans: C
Level of Difficulty: Easy
Section: 8.3.B
Learning objective: Glycoproteins
22
58. N-linked oligosaccharides can be covalently linked to proteins at which amino acid?
A) Gly
B) Ser
C) Glu
D) Tyr
E) Asn
Ans: E
Level of Difficulty: Easy
Section: 8.3.C
Learning objective: Glycoproteins
Ans: B
Level of Difficulty: Moderate
Section: 8.3.C
Learning objective: Glycoproteins
60. Which of the following sequences represents a recognition site for N-linked glycosylation
where X is any amino acid except Pro?
A) Gln—X—Ser
B) His—X—Ser
C) Arg—X—Ser
D) Asn—X—Ser
E) Asp—X—Ser
Ans: D
Level of Difficulty: Easy
Section: 8.3.C
Learning objective: Glycoproteins
23
61. O-linked oligosaccharides are commonly attached to the —OH group of _____.
A) ribose
B) tyrosine
C) lysine
D) threonine
E) glycine
Ans: D
Level of Difficulty: Easy
Section: 8.3.C
Learning objective: Glycoproteins
Ans: D
Level of Difficulty: Easy
Section: 8.3.D
Learning objective: Glycoproteins
24
SHORT ANSWER
Ans: a. D
b. see drawing
c. D-glyceraldehyde
Level of Difficulty: Easy
Section: 8.1.A
Learning objective: Monosaccharides
25
64. We encounter a great variety of sugars in living organisms.
a. Draw a Haworth projection of an aldohexose in the pyranose form (include all atoms).
b. Draw the Haworth projection of the anomer of the aldose you drew in "a" above.
c. Draw a circle around the carbon that determines whether this sugar is a D or an L sugar.
d. How many chiral carbon atoms are present in each of the structures drawn in "a" and
b" above?
e. How many stereoisomers exist for these pyranoses?
b. see drawing
c. see drawing
d. 5
e. 25 = 32
Level of Difficulty: Moderate
Section: 8.1.B
Learning objective: Monosaccharides
26
65. The picture below shows a Fischer projection of D-glucose.
Ans: a. aldose
b. D-gluconic acid
c. see drawing
d. see drawing
e. cellulose
Level of Difficulty: Moderate
Section: 8.1 and 8.2
Learning objective: Monosaccharides and Polysaccharides
27
66. The drawing below shows the structure of the disaccharide sucrose.
a. What are the names of the two monosaccharides that form sucrose?
b. Draw squares around the carbons that determine the designation D or L for each of the
monosaccharides.
c. Draw circles around the anomeric carbon atoms on the drawing.
d. Indicate on the drawing for each of the anomeric carbon atoms whether they are in the or
the configuration.
e. Is sucrose a reducing sugar? Explain your answer in one sentence.
b. see drawing
c. see drawing
d. see drawing
e. Sucrose is a nonreducing sugar because both anomeric carbons are involved in a glycosidic
bond.
28
Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
motiveeranneet nuo ihmiset vaarallisiksi, sanoneet heidän levittävän
myrkkyään yhteiskunnassa ja olevan ilman moraalia, ilman uskontoa
ja ajattelevan vain omia nautintojaan. Tuo mies kai oli tuommoinen
uudenaikainen ihminen, joka nauraa kaikelle ja jolle mikään ei ole
pyhää. — — —
*****
Hän oli yksinään maailmassa. Hän tapasi erään kirjailijan, jota hän
aikaisemmin oli paljon ajatellut ja jota hän oli ihaillut, kuten monia
muitakin. Tämä mies oli viisas, ironinen, kylmä, häntä vihattiin ja
hänestä pidettiin, mutta häntä kohtaan tunnettu viha oli ehkä
suurempi kuin rakkaus. Tällä miehellä oli tapana osoittaa
ylemmyyttään äänensä sävyllä ja eräällä ominaisella kädenliikkeellä,
joka helposti loukkasi ihmisiä. Tämä mies laski leikkiä ihmisten
heikkouksista, leikki niiden kanssa kuin kissa hiiren kanssa. Tämä
mies nauroi niin herttaisesti ja niin katkerasti sille kullalle, jolla
ihmiskunta niin kernaasti itseään kultaa. Tämä mies oli intohimoisen
kiihkeä, egoisti, — mutta välillä taas melankolinen, raskasmielinen,
pilkallinen, hermostuneen eloisa, iloinen, mutta ilo oli jäistä iloa. He
olivat tuttavia, mutta kuitenkin toisilleen täysin tuntemattomia. He
olivat molemmat kaksoisluonteita omalla tavallaan. Se oli lyhyt ja
kiihkeä tuttavuus, ilman aikaa ja ilman valmistelua.» ‒ ‒ ‒
XI.
LAURI KIVEKÄS.
»En voi oikein paperilla kuvata tätä iltaa — Kivekäs puhui — moni
muu puhui — jokaisen silmät kiilti, jokaisen povi kohoili — eläköön
isänmaa — suomalaisuus — eläköön Kivekäs —! Maljat kilisi —
laulut helisi, booli virtaili! —»
*****
Minä en tiedä mitä sinä nyt tällä hetkellä ajattelet ja tunnet, vaan
minä rakastan sinua, minä annan henkeni sinulle ja rukoilen
Jumalaa varjelemaan sinua minulle.
Ida.»
»Sunnuntaina.
»Perjantai ilta.
»Armas!
»Oma Laurini! Minä kaduin että olin sinun antanut huomata sitä
levottomuutta joka minussa vallitsi ja joka kirjeissäni liian paljon tuli
esille. Mutta se on tullut omantunnon asiaksi ilmoittaa sinulle kaikki
vivahdukset. Minulla oli niin ikävä jäädä yksin tähän etäiseen
kaupunkiin» (nim. Viipuriin) »tuntui kuin kaikki lempeät tuulet ja
kauniit ilmat olisivat kadonneet sinun kerrallasi. Minä tunsin itseni
niin hyljätyksi ja yksinäiseksi. Minä sanon kun sinä, minä varmaan
pidän sinusta liian paljon.» —
»Laurini, armaani!
Ida.»