NCSN

We Love Science v2023

NCSN free online science courses

Ch 8. Digestive System
Ch 9. Plants & their parts
Ch 10. Magnets
 Content Page
What We will be learning in this new series (7 courses, 60 weeks)
Primary Lower Block (1) Living & Non-Living Things , (2) Plants , (3) Animals , (4) Fungi and Bacteria , (5) Exploring Materials , (6)
(PLB) Life Cycles , (7) Matters and Its Three States , (8) The Human Digestive System , (9) Plants and Their Plants ,
Magnets , (10) Light and Shadows , (11) Heat and Temperature and (12) Revision and Exam

Primary Upper Block (1) From Parents to Young , (2) Reproduction in Plants, (3) Reproduction in Humans , (4) Water and Changes in
(PUB) 1 State, (5) Water Cycle , (6) The Plant Transport System , (7) Air and Respiratory System , (8) The Circulatory
System, (9) The Unit of Life , Electrical Systems , (10) Revision and Exam

Primary Upper Block (1) Using Electricity, (2) Forces , (3) Living Together , (4) Food Chains and Food Webs , (5) Adaptions, (6) Man’s
(PUB) 2 Impact on his Environment , (7) Energy in Food , (8) Forms and Use of Energy, (9) Sources of Energy,and (10)
Revision and Exam

Lower Secondary (1) Classification of Materials , (2) Length and Density, (3) Element Compound and Mixture , (4) Solution and
Diversity (LSD) Suspension, (5) Separating Mixtures , (6) Classification of Living Things , (7) Revision and Exam

Lower Secondary (1) Cells, (2) The Particulate Model of Matters, (3) Atoms and Molecules, (4) Light, (5) Revision and Exam
Models (LSM)

Lower Secondary (1) Transport in Living Things, (2) Digestion , (3) Reproduction in Humans , (4) Sex issues , (5) Electricity , (6)
Systems (LSS) Using Electricity, (7) Revision and Exam

Lower Secondary (1) Force Pressure and Speed, (2) Energy and Work , (3) Sound, (4) Effect of Heat , (5) Changing Matter, (6)
Interaction (LSI) Acids and Alkalis, (7) Ecology, (8) Revision and Exam.
 What is a system?
System is made up of many parts. These parts work together to carry out a
Certain function. If one part is missing or not working properly,
the system cannot carry out its function well.

Some example:
Your amazing body as a system
Your amazing body as a system
The Digestive System in Humans
 LO: To describe how the digestion system works
humans.

• To know what the mouth, tongue, teeth, oesophagus,

stomach and intestine do to help us digest our food.

• To know the order of our digestive system.

 Introduction

In this lesson we will be

learning about digestion in
humans.
Digestion is a scientific way
of describing how we break
down our food.

It describes everything that

happens to our food once it
enters our mouths.
 Starter
The digestive system starts in our mouths.

Which sentences describe the tongue, mouth

and teeth?
A Crush the food into smaller pieces.

Moves food around and allows you to swallow

B and taste food.
Digestion begins here. This is where food is
C broken down by chewing.
 Starter

When food is swallowed it leaves

the mouth and continues through gullet
our digestive system. Lets see
what you already know.

Can you label any parts of the

human digestive system on this stomach
diagram?
large intestine small
intestine
Click on the arrows
for answers.
 Introduction

When you swallow your food enters your gullet.

The gullet is a long tube the connects your mouth to

your stomach.
 Demonstration

Your food doesn’t just drop down your gullet, the

muscles in the gullet squeeze the food down.
This is a little bit like a tube of
toothpaste. If you squeeze
the tube behind the
toothpaste. The toothpaste is
forced along the tube and out
of the other side.
That’s also why you can still
swallow your food if you are
upside down!
 Demonstration

After the gullet, your food enters your stomach. Your stomach
is like a large sack which churns your food with strong acid.
Cola has acid in
it. If we mix
some bread
with cola in a
sealed bag and
churn it around,
we can see how
the stomach
works!
 Demonstration

After the stomach, your food enters your intestines.

Your small intestine breaks down your food even more

and absorbs nutrients through its walls and into your
blood.

The large intestine then lets water be absorbed through

its walls and back into your body.

A pair of tights can show us how the intestines work!

 Activity

Can you make an information poster to tell

people what happens to their food once it
enters their mouths?

Your poster needs to include these words:

Digestive
Mouth Tongue Teeth
system

gullet Stomach Intestine Food

 Plant Parts
There are four main parts of a plant.
flower
leaf
stem

root
 The Root
The root serves several purposes.

1) Roots absorb water in the soil.

2) Roots serve as a support base for the plant so that

it will not topple over.

3) Roots can even store extra food for the plant.

 The Stem
The stem supports the plant beyond the root.

Stems also transport water

and nutrients to the other
parts of the plant, like a
straw.
 Leaf
The leaf of the plant is where the food is made.

During a process called

photosynthesis, the leaf uses
carbon dioxide and sunlight to
create sugar (food) for the
plant.
 Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis in leaves also creates oxygen
Ox
yg
e n(
O2
) Carbon Dioxide (CO )2

During photosynthesis, the chlorophyll in the

leaves of the plant use up carbon dioxide and
while they create sugar for the plant, they also
create oxygen.
Reproduction in
Flowering Plants
Flowers are the part of the
plant where seeds are made.

seeds
 Reproduction in
Flowering
Seeds Plants
are what make new plants grow.

seeds
Reproduction in Flowering Plants
There is a male and female part of every flower.

the stamen
(male)
Reproduction in Flowering Plants
The stamen and the pistil are the two main
reproductive parts of the flower.

the pistil
(female)
 The Stamen
Here is a diagram of the stamen. The tip of the
anther is where the pollen is made.
pollen

anther
the stamen
filament (male)
 The Pistil
Here is a diagram of the pistil, which grows up from
the ovary. The ovary produces egg cells.

stigma
style
the pistil
ovary
(female)
egg cells (ovules)
 Pollen
Pollen is the fine, dust like powder that contains the male
reproductive cells of seed-bearing plants.

As this bee collects pollen from the stamen, the female organs
in the pistil are fertilized by the pollen.
 Pollination
Pollination is the transfer of pollen from the stamen
(male) to the pistil (female) in a flower.

the stamen
(male) the pistil
(female)
 Pollination
The process of pollination can happen from wind, insects,
birds, and other animals carrying and transferring the
pollen from the stamen to the pistil.
Although bees are the
insect who are most
famous for pollination,
many other insects
also help to pollinate
plants. Without insects
doing this very
important job, the
world would look
much different!
 Pollination
Without pollination, flowers could not reproduce, and
therefore could not survive.

Birds also transfer pollen for the flowers,

and are rewarded with tasty nectar.
 Fertilization
Fertilization is the process by which the female reproductive cell (egg) is
united with the male reproductive cell (sperm or pollen).
.

After the fertilization

point occurs,
reproduction is already
under way, and a new
seed (and more plants)
can be created.
fertilization point
 Flower Parts
This is the flower of the hibiscus plant. You can easily see the
reproductive parts of the flower with the hibiscus.
stigma
stamen
style pistil
anther
fila ment ll s i ns ide)
gg ce
va r y (e
o

petal
 What do we
already know?
 Understand that some materials are attracted to
magnets

 What the characteristics of magnets are

 That magnets can repel and attract each other

 How magnets behave

 What happens when you put two magnets together

There are many legends that tell us about the
discovery of magnets.

One of the most common, is that of an elderly

shepherd named Magnets, who was herding his
sheep in an area of Northern Greece called
Magnesia, about 4,000 years ago.

It is said that both the nails in his shoes and the

metal tip of his staff became firmly stuck to the
large, black rock on which he was standing. This
type of rock was later named magnetite, after
either Magnesia or Magnets himself.
wand magnet
bar magnet

doughnut magnet

horseshoe magnet
Magnets are in most electronic devices, in fact,
anything that has a motor uses a magnet.
They are used to slow down Magnets
are used
roller coasters and subways. refrigerato to keep
r doors clo
sed.
Magne
ts
in the s are even plac
puters, tomac
n s, com
catch hs of co ed
Televisio owave ovens metals
!
ws to
icr
and m te with
ra
all ope
ts.
magne

More uses of magnets are found every day!

 e u s u a ll y They h
They ar . ave tw
o f ir o n e n ds c o
made They can also a lled
magne
tic pol
repel other e s.
magnets.
c a n
T h e y o me
a c t s
attr r ia ls .
mate
• Magnet
A stone or a piece of metal that attracts some
other metal.

• Attract
To pull towards each other.

• Repel
To push away from each other.

• Poles
The ends of a magnet.
 Every m
ag n e t
has at le
ast one
north po
le and
o ne sou
th
pole.

The blue end of a magnet is usually the

south pole.
The red end of a magnet is usually the
north pole.
 When two magnets are
close, they create pushing
or pulling forces on one
another.


These forces are strongest at the ends of the
magnets. The two ends of a magnet are known as
the north pole and the south pole.
• So now we know that “like” poles repel each
other…
• and that “opposite” poles attract each other.

They do this because there is a

FORCE
between them.
 If you try to put two magnets together with the
same poles pointing towards one another, the
magnets will push away from each other. We say
they repel each other.
In this
picture
north p tw o
oles a
pushin re
g awa
each o y from
ther (r
each o epellin
ther). g
 If you put two magnets together with
different poles pointing towards one another,
the magnets will pull towards each other. We
say they attract each other.

In this picture a north and a south pole are

pulling towards each other (attracting each
other).
Magnets can attract
other magnets but
they can also attract
Magnetic
magnetic materials.
materials are
always metals
but only a few
metals are
magnetic.
 n y m e t a l
e t i c , so a o a
m a g n c t e d t
Ir o n IS i tw i l l b e a t tra
o a
i ro n i n ns i ro n , s
with t e e l c o nt ai
w i l l
et . S p l e ,
magn r c lip , fo r e x a m
l p a p e n e t.
stee e d t o a m a g
c t
be attra Most other metals, for
example aluminium,
copper and gold, are NOT
magnetic. An aluminium
drinks can, for example, will
not be attracted to a
magnet.
How do magnets help in a scrap yard?
A car is made up of many different materials. When a
car is scrapped the different types of metals need to be
sorted. A huge rotating magnet is used to sort the
magnetic materials from the non-magnetic materials.
Separating the materials allows them to be reused.
magnetism magnet

magnetic non-magnetic

force poles

push pull

repel attract

north south