BUKIDNON STATE UNIVERSITY

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LECTURE 9
Abstract Algebra
2nd Semester, 2020-2021

Name: Blendyl Shane T. Donsig Date: June 12, 2021 Score: ________

Exercises:
A. Show if the function given is a homomorphism or not.
1. Let ∅: ℤ → ℝ under addition be given by ∅ሺ𝑛ሻ = 𝑛. Solution:
Let 𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ ℤ, then:

𝑓(𝑎 + 𝑏) =? 𝑓(𝑎) + 𝑓(𝑏)

(𝑎 + 𝑏) =? 𝑎 + 𝑏
√𝑎 + 𝑏
= 𝑎 + 𝑏 Therefore, ∅: ℤ → ℝ is a homomorphism.

2. Let ∅: ℝ∗ → ℝ∗ under addition be given by ∅(𝑥) = l𝑥l. Solution:

Let 𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ ℝ∗, then:

𝑓(𝑎 + 𝑏) =? 𝑓(𝑎) + 𝑓(𝑏)

?
l𝑎 +𝑏l = l𝑎l + l𝑏 l
We already learned from algebra that, for all cases, l𝑎 + 𝑏l ≤ l𝑎l + l𝑏l. Therefore: ×
l𝑎 + 𝑏l= l𝑎l + l𝑏l

Hence, ∅: ℝ∗ → ℝ∗ is not a homomorphism.

3. Let 𝑓: ℤ9 → ℤ2 under addition be given by 𝑓(𝑥) = the remainder of x when divided by 2, as in

division algorithm. Solution:
Let 𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ ℤ9, then:

𝑓(𝑎+9𝑏) =? 𝑓(𝑎)+2𝑓(𝑏)

(𝑎+9𝑏) (mod 2) =? 𝑎 (mod 2)+2𝑏

(mod 2) (𝑎+9𝑏) (mod 2) =? (𝑎+2𝑏) (mod

2)
(𝑎+9𝑏) =? (𝑎+2𝑏) (𝑎 + 𝑏)

(mod 9) =× (𝑎 + 𝑏)(mod 2)
Therefore, 𝑓: ℤ9 → ℤ2 is a not a homomorphism.
 4. Let 𝑟 ∈ ℤ and let 𝑓: ℤ → ℤ be defined by 𝑓(𝑛) = 𝑟𝑛 for all 𝑛 ∈ ℤ. Is this a homomorphism?
Solution:
Let 𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ ℤ, then:
𝑓(𝑎 + 𝑏) =? 𝑓(𝑎) + 𝑓(𝑏)
?
𝑟(𝑎 + 𝑏) = 𝑟𝑎 + 𝑟𝑏
√ 𝑟𝑎 + 𝑟𝑏
= 𝑟𝑎 + 𝑟𝑏 Therefore, 𝑓: ℤ → ℤ is a homomorphism.

5. Let 𝑓: (ℤ, +) → (ℤ, +) be defined by: 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥, i.e., 𝑓 sends every 𝑥 in the domain to an even
number 2𝑥 in the range. Is this a homomorphism?
Solution:
Let 𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ ℤ, then:

𝑓(𝑎 + 𝑏) =? 𝑓(𝑎) + 𝑓(𝑏)

?
2(𝑎 + 𝑏) = 2𝑎 + 2𝑏
√ 2𝑎 + 2𝑏 = 2𝑎 +
2𝑏
Therefore, 𝑓: (ℤ, +) → (ℤ, +) is a homomorphism.

B. Compute the indicated quantities for the given homomorphism.

1. Ker(∅) and ∅(25) for ∅: ℤ → ℤ7 such that ∅(1) = 4.
Solution:
Ker(∅) = {𝑎 ∈ ℤl∅(𝑎) = 𝑒ℤ7}
Ker(∅) = {𝑎 ∈ ℤl∅(𝑎) = 0}
∅(25) = ∅(25)

2. Ker ሺ∅ሻ and ∅ሺ 20 ሻ for ∅: ℤ → ℤ8 such that ∅ሺ 1 ሻ =

ሺ 1,4,2,6 ሻሺ 2,5,7 ሻ Solution:
Ker(∅) = {𝑎 ∈ ℤ1∅(𝑎) = 𝑒ℤ}
Ker(∅) = {𝑎 ∈ ℤl∅(𝑎) = 0}
∅(20) = ∅(20)