Science Review
SCIENCE
– systematized knowledge based on facts and
human experience.
– derived from the latin word "SCIENTIA" w/c
means" KNOWLEDGE.
ARISTOTLE
Aristotle is regarded as the Father of Biology.
He is also regarded as the Father of Zoology. He started
classification with two kingdoms Animal and Plantae.
Aristotle's theory of biology is known as “Aristotle's
Biology” which describes metabolism, temperature
regulation, and embryogenesis.
ISAAC NEWTON
The father of physics is often considered to be
Isaac Newton. He made significant contributions to the
field of physics, particularly in the areas of mechanics
and gravitation, through his groundbreaking work,
“Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy,”
published in 1687.
ANTOINE-LAURENT DE LAVOISIER
also, Antoine Lavoisier
Antoine Lavoisier is known as the father of
chemistry as well as the father of modern chemistry. The
terms can be used interchangeably for Antoine Lavoisier.
CAROLUS LINNAEUS
Carl Linnaeus, also known as Carl von Linné
or Carolus Linnaeus, is often called the Father of
Taxonomy. His system for naming, ranking, and
classifying organisms is still in wide use today (with
many changes).
JAMES HUTTON
James Hutton (1726–1797), a Scottish farmer
and naturalist, is known as the founder of modern
geology. He was a great observer of the world around
him.
GALILEO GALILEI
Galileo Galilei pioneered the experimental
scientific method and was the first to use a refracting
telescope to make important astronomical discoveries.
He is often referred to as the “father of modern
astronomy” and the “father of modern physics”. Albert
Einstein called Galileo the “father of modern science.”
CHARLES DARWIN
Charles Darwin. The founder of the modern
theory of evolution was Charles Darwin.
ROBERT HOOKE
Initially discovered by Robert Hooke in 1665,
the cell has a rich and interesting history that has
ultimately given way too many of today's scientific
advancements.
Who are the 5 scientists who discovered cells?
Landmarks in Discovery of Cells
Scientist Discovery
Robert Hooke Discovered cells
Anton Van Discovered protozoa and
Leuwenhoek bacteria
Robert Brown Discovered cell nucleus
Albert Von Kolliker Discovered mitochondria
Who is the first father of cell?
GEORGE EMIL PALADE is considered the father of
cell biology. He was the one who first used the electron
microscope. With the help of an electron microscope, he
discovered the ribosomes and the activity of the
secretory proteins.
John Dalton
This idea of tiny, indivisible bits of matter persisted until
the 1800's. John Dalton (1766-1844), a great chemist,
really started the modern atomic hypothesis. His atom
however was like a solid billiard ball.
BIOLOGY
– science of life. It is the study of structures,
functions and relationships of living things or
organisms.
THEORIES ABOUT THE ORIGIN OF LIFE
1. Divine Creation (Bible)- life is believed to be
created by a supernatural being
2. Cosmozoic or interplanetary protoplasm in the
form of resistant spores simple living forms
might have reached the earth accidentally from
some other source from the universe and this
forms the first life.
3. Spontaneous generation (by Aristotle) - certain
living things could arise directly from nonliving
things.
 4. Natural or Marine - when life appeared the Ex Animals w/backbones also have insulin-secreting
physical world contained much the same cells
inorganic and organic substances that is does
4. Homology in chemical composition
today and that organic compounds may have
naturally formed from the reactions of the Ex:
chemical as organic compounds now are Turkeys and pigeon differ by 4 amino acids
observed now are observed to be formed only.
naturally. In addition, the metabolic atmosphere Turkeys and turtles differ by 8 amino acids.
and oceans contained the inorganic compounds
such as oxygen and carbon dioxide in quantities FIVE KINGDOM CLASSIFICATION SCHEME
similar to those present today. This is the
possible origin of life. The 5 Kingdom classification scheme is based on the ff.
5. Physico-chemical or Coacervate Droplet theory criteria.
(proposed by Oparin). It was believed long time
ago that the atmosphere contains these following 1. Type of cells
substances: CH 3, NH 3 water vapor and H ₂. o Prokaryotic cells w/ true nucleus/nuclei
These substances were exposed to cosmoc o Eukaryotic cells w/o true
radiation, UV rays and electrical discharges by nucleus/nuclei
lightning where the following were forced to 2. Number of cells
react among themselves and produce smaller o Unicellular – composed of one cell
carbon compounds and were made to react again o Multicellular – composed of many cells
to form larger organic compounds. These 3. Modes of nutrition
reactions took place very slowly. The o Photosynthetic can manufacture their
compounds formed were sugar, fatty acids, own food
glycerol, amino acids, purines and pyrimidines. o Absorptive absorb or take in food in
The compounds formed were nonliving but they assimilable form
furnished the building blocks or materials from o Ingestive swallow their food in whole
which living matter could be constructed as the
DNA that forms the gene, unit of heredity- this
has the power of self-duplication by cell
division. This is common to all life. Hence, it is
reasonable to conclude that the gene must have
come before or concurrent with other
components of living matter such as
carbohydrates, proteins and lipids. When these
organic compounds began to accumulate around
the gene aggregates, the first cellular life
appeared.
The major basis for classification is homology
(similarity). It maybe:
1. Homology in structure appearance
Ex: Organisms w/ jointed appendages are grouped
together
2. Homology in the number of chromosomes
Ex: Organisms belonging to the same species have
the same number of chromosomes
3. Homology in function