Dear God,

At the start of our class today,

Help us to learn and help us to play,
To concentrate on all we do,
To understand, and remember too.
Amen.
1
DIFFERENT
LITERARY
ELEMENTS
Learning Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the
learners are expected to:
1. Create samples of literary
elements such as figures of
speech (simile, metaphor) and
imagery (visual, auditory)
based on one’s experience.
 I BELIEVE…
Think of your favorite thing and let the class guess
by giving three descriptions of the thing by finishing
the phrase “I believe…”

4
 “
Create samples of
SIMILE based on
one’s experience.

5
Definition of Terms
▪ Crib Sheet – piece of paper
that contains information;
used to remember the
concepts easily
▪ Simile – compare two
unlikely things using like or
as
SIMILE
• a figure of speech that directly and
explicitly compares two unlike things using
connectors like or as
• Connecting words such as so, such
as, or than or verbs of comparison such
as compare or resemble can also be used

7
SIMILE
● Crib Sheet of the Sense
Below is how a crib sheet of the senses looks
like:
Sight -> sound, taste, touch, smell
Sound -> sight, taste, touch, smell
Taste -> sight, sound, touch, smell
Touch -> sight, sound, taste, smell
Smell -> sight, sound, taste, touch
8
SIMILE
● For example, you want to create a simile out of a person being
graceful in dancing. This visual component (graceful) can be
compared to other senses. Below is the result:
- She is as graceful as the tones of my favorite song.
- She is as graceful as the melting chocolate in my
mouth.
- She dances gracefully, just like how the brush
touches my cheeks.
- She dances gracefully, just like the smell of four
seasons drink.
9
SIMILE
● Exercise: Create your own Crib Sheet of the Sense

Visual – Beautiful
Sound – Loud
Taste – Sweet
Touch – Cold
Smell - Fresh
10
SIMILE
● Fill in the blank method
This approach was inspired by Bret
Anthony Johnston’s craft exercise. Simply
complete the sentence by comparing unlike
senses.
The symphony felt like __________.

11
SIMILE
● Exercise: Create your own fill-in-the-blank
method activity. Compare the following senses.
Visual vs Taste
Sound vs Touch
Taste vs Smell
Smell vs Visual
Touch vs Sound
12
 “
Create samples of
METAPHOR based
on one’s
experience.

13
Definition of Terms
▪ Cliché – overused idea or
statement
▪ Metaphor – a figure of speech that
compares two unlikely things
explicitly by stating that one thing is
the other
▪ Tenor – thing that metaphor
describes
▪ Vehicle – thing to which the tenor
is described
METEPHOR
• is comparing two unlikely things
explicitly by stating that one thing is
the other
• creates new meaning beyond the
literal meaning of a word

15
METEPHOR
• composed of two elements, a tenor and
a vehicle. The tenor is the thing that
metaphor described. On the other hand, the
vehicle is the thing to which the tenor is
described

16
METEPHOR
● Things that a writer should do in writing a metaphor:
1. Avoid clichés - A metaphor aims to tickle one’s
imagination to understand the new meaning.
However, if one does cliché, the aim will be useless.
2. Practice forming metaphors - Practice creating
metaphors. One way to practice is to complete the
sentence.
3. Avoid mixed metaphors - A writer should avoid
mixed metaphors because it may confuse the
readers. 17
METAPHOR
● Exercise: How many metaphors can you create
about love? Avoid clichés in your metaphor. Fill in
the blanks.

Love is ________________
Love is ________________
Love is ________________
Love is ________________
Love is ________________
18
METEPHOR
● Exercise: Use each of the items below to create a
sentence that contains a metaphor.

1. cotton candy 6. army

2. Trophy 7. music
3. Worm 8. cloud
4. Chain 9. garden
5. Fruit 10. map
19
 “
Create samples of
VISUAL IMAGERY
based on one’s
experience.

20
VISUAL IMAGERY
• a type of imagery that appeals to the
sense of sight
• It includes color, brightness, shapes,
sizes, and patterns
• One of the principles in imaginative writing
is the statement “Show, don’t tell”
21
VISUAL IMAGERY
• Exercise: Use Visual Imagery to describe
the following scenes (1 paragraph or at
least 3 sentences):
1. A dog sleeping
2. A hot fresh pizza
3. Your classroom
22
 “
Create samples of
AUDITORY
IMAGERY based
on one’s
experience.
23
AUDITORY IMAGERY
• a type of imagery that appeals to the
sense of hearing
• It may include varieties of music and
sounds, either pleasant, harsh, or silence

24
AUDITORY IMAGERY
● Listing possible questions is an effective tool to
create your own appealing words. These questions
may include:
• How would you describe the sound that you hear?
• Is this good or bad?
• How good? How bad?
• Can you compare what you have heard to other
things?

25
AUDITORY IMAGERY
• Exercise: Use Auditory Imagery to describe
the following scenes (1 paragraph or at
least 3 sentences):
1. Sunrise by the beach
2. Traffic
3. Carnival
26
Wedding Birthday Funeral
27
CRITERIA:
Content and relevance 20 PTS
Creativity 15 PTS
Delivery and organization 15 PTS
Total 50 PTS
28