Propositional Logic

-
- -

-
propositions 17 or F)
-

Logical operators In , v1 →/ 7 / )
- truth table

ex : If Mary is sick then it is

raining and
, vice versa .

I T
=
=

IM → RI a IR → M) ✓

M <
→ r
✓

It is not the that if it it is not then Johan is home

ex : case
raining
-

=egaÉ to

r: it is
raining
j :
John is home
→ Hr →
jj
For
negation of an
expression &
'

you may use 7 ✗

,
~ 2 ,
d
, I

en : ④ gouacheLantern t④ you
mm
take Complexo or
you
=
are not smart
-
.

a: you are at school at 3pm

b :
you take cap
1000 a → b v 7s

siyonqresmertf.si
.

you are not smart a→ bus

 if p true then g is true
p→g is
•

• -
p -77g the inverse of P→2

the converse
of p→q
•
q → p
•
-
g. →
up
the contrapositive of p→g 1*1

← inverse converse tontwrposiaie

F T
000
p→q is equivalent to Tq→p
mere def .

tautology : a
proposition that is always true .

ex:
pv -
p evaluates to T

- contradiction : ✗ " • ✗ × false

en
:p to F
nap evaluates

contingency : n n e e neither a
tautology
nor a contradiction

ex :
pvp
if proposition B then
a 2 is
equivalent to a
proposition we

write ✗ =-D or ✗ B
of Basic
Some
equivalences :

✗ NT = a
/ ✗ VF -=✗ 1 identity law )

✗ VT IT / ✗ AFIF ( domination )

✗ ✓ ✗ =L
, and _=4 1 Idempotent)
71721=2 (double negation )
✗ V72 -=T , ✗ AKIF lnegadinlow )
✗ VB ≤ Bra AB _=Bn8
, ✗
( commutative laws)

lavs / ✓ * = MLB vb )
(associative laws)
KABIN = aa( Bax )

✗ v1 Bad )=kVB)^KV✗
) ( distributive laws)
✗ ALBUM = ( ans)V( and )

✗ Vlaar ) =L
cab sorption bury
✗ ^ / NB ) ≤ a

712^37=-72 VTB ( De Morgan 's laws )

> ( ✗ ✓ B) = >✗ ATB
✗ →B = >✗ VB ( Implication rule )
✗ B=K→BKlB→d) ( Bi conditional rule)
Prove that the
following propositions are
equivalent .

TIP V17 paged ) =?- 7pm of → KvB1=_ - a Ms

712^31=-72 V7 B

TIP V17 pan ) = -

p a 717Pa g) De Morgan
a- a- I ñ
-

I>
P ^
Hpv →
g) De Morgen
-

palp V7
g) double
neg
.

I % I
= hp^P ) ✓
tip ang) distributive

= F V
teparrq ) neg law
.

§
= 17Pa > g) V F Commutative .

Jt
=
Tp ^
7g Identity

show the following is tautology

pay →
pvg

pnq→prq=_ T