10/3/2017 C13 Industrial Engine RRA00001-UP(SEBP4130 - 64) - Documentation

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Product: INDUSTRIAL ENGINE
Model: C13 INDUSTRIAL ENGINE RRA01544
Configuration: C13 Industrial Engine RRA00001-UP

Troubleshooting
C11, C13, C15, and C18 Industrial Engines
Media Number -M0073474-05 Publication Date -01.08.2017 Date Updated -10.08.2017

i02397878

System Overview
SMCS - 1000; 1900

System Operation
This engine is electronically controlled. Each cylinder has an electronic unit injector. The Electronic Control
Module (ECM) sends a signal to each injector solenoid in order to control the operation of the fuel injection
system.

Electronic Controls

The electronic system consists of the following components: the ECM, the Mechanically Actuated
Electronically Controlled Unit Injectors (MEUI), the wiring harness, the switches and the sensors. The ECM is
the computer. The flash file is the software for the computer. The flash file contains the operating maps. The
operating maps define the following characteristics of the engine:

Horsepower

Torque curves

The ECM determines the timing and the amount of fuel that is delivered to the cylinders. These decisions are
based on the actual conditions and/or on the desired conditions at any given time.

The ECM compares the desired engine speed to the actual engine speed. The actual engine speed is determined
through a signal from the engine speed/timing sensor. The desired engine speed is determined with the following
factors:

Throttle signal

Other input signals from sensors

Certain diagnostic codes

If the desired engine speed is greater than the actual engine speed, the ECM injects more fuel in order to increase
the actual engine speed.

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Cold Mode

The ECM limits engine power during cold mode operation and the ECM modifies injection timing during cold
mode operation. Cold mode operation provides the following benefits:

Increased cold weather starting capability

Reduced warm-up time

Reduced white smoke

Cold mode is activated whenever the engine temperature falls below a predetermined value. Cold mode remains
active until the engine temperature rises above a predetermined value or until a time limit is exceeded.

Fuel Injection

The ECM controls the amount of fuel that is injected by varying the signals to the injectors. The injector will
pump fuel only if the injector solenoid is energized. The ECM sends a high voltage signal to the solenoid. This
high voltage signal energizes the solenoid. By controlling the timing and the duration of the high voltage signal,
the ECM can control injection timing and the engine RPM.

The flash file inside the ECM sets certain limits on the amount of fuel that can be injected. The "FRC Fuel
Limit" is used to control the air/fuel ratio for control of emissions. The "FRC Fuel Limit" is a limit that is based
on the turbocharger outlet pressure. A higher turbocharger outlet pressure indicates that there is more air in the
cylinder. When the ECM senses a higher turbocharger outlet pressure, the ECM increases the "FRC Fuel Limit".
When the ECM increases the "FRC Fuel Limit", the ECM allows more fuel into the cylinder. The "FRC Fuel
Limit" is programmed into the ECM at the factory. The "FRC Fuel Limit" cannot be changed.

The "Rated Fuel Limit" is a limit that is based on the power rating of the engine and on engine rpm. The "Rated
Fuel Limit" is similar to the rack stops and to the torque spring on a mechanically governed engine. The "Rated
Fuel Limit" provides the power curves and the torque curves for a specific engine family and for a specific
engine rating. The "Rated Fuel Limit" is programmed into the ECM at the factory. The "Rated Fuel Limit"
cannot be changed.

Once the ECM determines the amount of fuel that is required, the ECM must determine the timing of the fuel
injection. The ECM calculates the top center position of each cylinder from the engine speed/timing sensor's
signal. The ECM decides when fuel injection should occur relative to the top center position and the ECM
provides the signal to the injector at the desired time. The ECM adjusts timing for optimum engine performance,
for optimum fuel economy, and for optimum control of white smoke.

Programmable Parameters
Certain parameters that affect the engine operation may be changed with Caterpillar Electronic Technician (ET).
The parameters are stored in the ECM, and some parameters are protected from unauthorized changes by
passwords. These passwords are called factory passwords.

Passwords
Several system configuration parameters and most logged events are protected by factory passwords. Factory
passwords are available only to Caterpillar dealers. Refer to Troubleshooting, "Factory Passwords" for
additional information.

Copyright 1993 - 2017 Caterpillar Inc.

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