WEEK 4 – HEAT TRANSFER AND

APPLICATIONS

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Textbook of the course: Geankoplis Christie, J. "Transport Processes and Unit Operations." (1993).
 Course Outline
Week Subjects Related Preparation
1 Introduction of process technology
Fundamental Laws: Conservation of Mass and energy, Ideal gas equation etc. and
2 Review the notes
Tables
3 Transfer of momentum and applications Review the notes
4 Heat transfer and applications Review the notes
5 Heat exchangers Review the notes
6 Evaporation Review the notes
7 Mass transfer and applications Review the notes
8 Midterm 1
9 Gas-vapor mixtures, conditioning, humidifying, de-humidifying and water cooling
10 Drying Review the notes
11 Distillation Review the notes
12 Extraction, adsorption, crystallization Review the notes

13 Thermal-Chemical Processes: Example Applications Review the notes

14 Thermal-Chemical Processes: Example Applications Review the notes

15 Final

10/5/2020 MKT3871 - Fall 2020-2021 2

 Outline
• Basic mechanisms of heat transfer
• Conduction
• Convection
• Forced Convection
• Log mean temperature difference
• Natural Convection
• Boiling and Condensation

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  Heat can be conducted through gases, liquids and solid
 Heat transferred by motion of adjacent molecules in gases
Conduction  If there is a temperature gradient exists, this type of transfer is
present
 Examples:
 Hear transfer inside the walls of heat exchangers
 freezing of ground in winter, etc.

 Transfer of heat by bulk motion of gases and liquids

 Often involves heat transfer between moving fluid and a solid
Heat Transfer

Forced  Natural convection is produced by density differences in a fluid due

Convection to temperature differences (e.g., as in “hot air rises”).
 In forced convection, the fluid motion is generated by a source like
Natural
a fan.
 Examples:
 loss of heat from car radiator (forced)
 cooling of a hot cup of coffee standing on a table (natural)
 heat transfer from walls of the heat exchanger to the process
fluids (forced)

 No need for a pyhsical medium

Radiation  Transfer of energy by means of a electromagnetic waves
 Examples:
 transport of heat from sun to the earth
 red hot electrical heaters
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 flame or fire
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https://www.polytechnichub.com/modes-heat-transfer/
 Conduction
• Molecular transfer of all three main types of transport
processes obey same general type of equation:

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 Convection
• Convective heat transfer occurs whenever an object is either hotter or colder
than a surrounding fluid
• When a fluid outside a solid object is in forced or natural motion, we express
the rate of heat transfer as:

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 Conduction Heat Transfer

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 Conduction Heat Transfer

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 Conduction Heat Transfer

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Self Study: Ex. 4.3-1 on page 223 and Ex. 4.3-2 on page 225 and Ex. 4.3-3 on page 228 of your textbook
 Conduction Heat Transfer

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 Combined Conduction Convection Heat Transfer

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 Combined Conduction Convection Heat Transfer

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Self Study: Example 4.3-3 on page 228 of your textbook
 Forced Convection Heat Transfer

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 Forced Convection Heat Transfer

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 Convection inside a pipe
• Laminar Flow

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 Convection inside a pipe
• Turbulent Flow

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 Convection inside a pipe
• Transition Flow

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 Log mean temperature difference

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Self Study: Example 4.5-5 on page 246 of your textbook
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Self Study: Example 4.6-1 and 4.6-2 on page 248-249 of your textbook
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Self Study: Example 4.6-3 on page 250 of your textbook
 Natural Convection

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 Boiling

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Self Study: Example 4.8-1 on page 261 of your textbook
 Condensation
 Thickness of liquid film is zero at the top and increases downward

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Self Study: Example 4.8-2 on page 265 of your textbook