Introduction To Social Problems 10Th Edition Sullivan Test Bank Full Chapter PDF

Introduction to Social Problems 10th
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Chapter 06 – Poverty
Multiple Choice Questions
1. Which of the following is true of the absolute definition of poverty?

a. It is based on how much it costs to buy a nutritionally adequate diet.
b. It identifies the poor as those who are permanently and unwillingly poor.
c. It avoids the rigidities of strict economic definitions.
d. It reflects the belief of many that the government should ensure an equitable distribution of
resources.
Answer: a
Question Title: TB_06_01 The Extent of Poverty, Understand, LO 6.1

Learning Objective: 6.1 Compare and contrast the various ways in which poverty can be defined, and
show how much poverty and income inequality is found in the United States and in other nations.
Topic: The Extent of Poverty
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
Difficulty: 2–Moderate
2. Martha, a single parent, finds it difficult to pay for her three children's school tuition with the salary
she gets from waitressing. Based on this information, Martha would be considered poor under the
________ definition of poverty.
a. relative
b. absolute
c. cultural
d. comparative
Answer: c
Question Title: TB_06_02 The Extent of Poverty, Apply, LO 6.1

Skill Level: Apply What You Know
Difficulty: 3–Hard
3. Which of the following is true of the relative definition of poverty?

a. It states that poverty can be eliminated only if the government ensures inequitable distribution of
resources.
b. It states that poverty in the United States has become less chronic.
c. It identifies the poor as those who are permanently and unwillingly poor.
d. It states that poverty will always exist irrespective of how affluent the society becomes.
Answer: d

4. The relative definition of poverty states that ________.
81
Copyright ©2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
a. the poor in the United States are worse off today than they were 55 years ago
b. the poor in the United States are identified as those who are permanently and unwillingly poor
c. poverty has become less chronic
d. poverty has become less dysfunctional
Answer: a
Question Title: TB_06_04 The Extent of Poverty, Remember, LO 6.1

Skill Level: Remember the Facts
Difficulty: 1–Easy
5. The ________ definition of poverty views poverty not only in terms of how many resources people
have but also in terms of why they have failed to achieve a higher economic level.
a. imperial
b. cultural
c. relative
d. absolute
Answer: b

6. Which of the following is a true statement about the cultural definition of poverty?
a. It excludes people who are defined as poor based solely on economic criteria..
b. It identifies the poor as those who are permanently and unwillingly poor.
c. It applies strict economic definitions to explain the ethnic influence of poverty.
d. It states that poverty has become less chronic.
Answer: b

7. Which of the following is considered a major reason for persistently high poverty among children
in the United States?
a. There are more children being born to unmarried mothers.
b. There is an increase in the male death rate.
c. There are more children being born to uneducated parents.
d. There is an increase in the unemployment rate among males.
Answer: a
Question Title: TB_06_07 Who Are The Poor?, Remember, LO 6.2
82
Learning Objective: 6.2 Elaborate on the social characteristics and the social circumstances of the
poor in the United States.
Topic: Who Are The Poor?
8. Poverty among the elderly in the United States is much higher in figures for ________.
a. Hispanic American elders
b. Asian elders
c. African American men
d. American Indian men
Answer: a

9. Which of the following trends has caused an increase in the percentage of homeless families in the
United States?
a. an increase in the number of industrial jobs that pay a living wage
b. the flight of jobs from the cities where poor people live
c. an increase in the number of children being born to unmarried mothers
d. the need for specialization in the job market
Answer: b
Question Title: TB_06_09 Who Are The Poor?, Understand, LO 6.2

10. ________ has linked homelessness with the trends in health-care institutions of the United States.
a. The decline in chronicity of mental illness
b. The process of deinstitutionalizing the mentally ill
c. The process of cyclically reimbursing the mentally ill
d. The decline in demand for mental hospital beds
Answer: b

11. Susan believes that janitors should receive lesser pay than doctors because janitors perform tasks
that are less useful. Susan has a________ perspective on poverty.
a. functionalist
83
b. fundamentalist
c. conflict
d. behavioral
Answer: a
Question Title: TB_06_11 The Causes of Poverty, Apply, LO 6.3

Learning Objective: 6.3 Explain the causes of poverty as considered by each of the theoretical
perspectives in sociology.
Topic: The Causes of Poverty
12. The functionalist perspective on poverty states that ________.

a. poor people interpret reality in a way that makes it more difficult for them to improve their
circumstances
b. some groups are deprived of the opportunity to accumulate the resources they require
c. people who do not perform useful tasks receive fewer rewards
d. some groups choose to be poor, and this results in a permanent lack of resources
Answer: c
Question Title: TB_06_12 The Causes of Poverty, Remember, LO 6.3

13. ________ refers to the increase in the rates of unemployment caused by economic changes that
are brought about by technological innovation.
a. Absolute deprivation
b. Relative deprivation
c. Structural unemployment
d. Cyclical unemployment
Answer: c

14. According to the functionalist perspective, inflation may be reduced by ________.

a. an increase in employment opportunities
b. increasing the demand for goods
c. increasing the cash flow within the country
d. an increase in unemployment
Answer: d
Question Title: TB_06_14 The Causes of Poverty, Understand, LO 6.3
84
15. A difference between the functionalist perspective on poverty and the conflict perspective on
poverty is that ________.
a. the conflict perspective views poverty as a personal problem rather than a societal one, whereas the
functionalist perspective views poverty as a societal problem rather than a personal one
b. the conflict perspective says that inflation can only be reduced by increasing the unemployment
rate, whereas the functionalist perspective says that inflation can never be reduced by increasing
unemployment rate
c. the conflict perspective says that society is made up of many interrelated and interdependent parts,
whereas the functionalist perspective says that society is made up of only a few interrelated and
independent parts
d. the conflict perspective says that inequitable distribution of resources has little to do with rewarding
talent, whereas the functionalist perspective says that inequitable distribution of resources exists to
reward talent
Answer: d
Question Title: TB_06_15 The Causes of Poverty, Analyze, LO 6.3

Skill Level: Analyze It
16. In relation to social mobility, the stratification system in the United States is characterized by
________.
a. a high degree of occupational inheritance
b. vast differences in the socioeconomic statuses of parents and children
c. a smaller gap between the educational success of the rich and the poor
d. high levels of instability
Answer: a

17. Mark believes that his friend Timothy, an African American, is poor because of the cultural
orientation of his people. Which of the following sociological perspectives on poverty is shown in the
given scenario?
a. functionalist perspective
b. behavioral perspective
c. conflict perspective
d. interactionist perspective
Answer: d
85
Question Title: TB_06_17 The Causes of Poverty, Apply, LO 6.3
18. Which of the following is a fact that invalidates the culture of poverty thesis?
a. It applies only to a limited number of poor people.
b. It only takes into account the flaws of the societal systems.
c. It applies only to the deserving poor.
d. It does not take into account the character flaws of the poor.
Answer: a

19. ________ is a situation in which everyone or nearly everyone who wants to work can find a job.
a. Full employment
b. Strategic employment
c. Relative deprivation
d. Social mobility
Answer: a
Question Title: TB_06_19 Future Prospects, Remember, LO 6.4

Learning Objective: 6.4 Describe the social programs and policies that have been considered or
implemented in efforts to reduce poverty in the United States, and assess how effectively they have
achieved their goals.
Topic: Future Prospects
20. Which of the following is a caution about full employment programs?

a. They only create jobs for a specific stratum of society.
b. They create jobs for people who are unable to work.
c. They only create skilled jobs that are unlikely to pull people out of poverty.
d. They create high-paying jobs that will lead to an increase in competition for work.
Answer: b
Question Title: TB_06_20 Future Prospects, Understand, LO 6.4

Skill Level: Understand the Facts
21. The Head Start program is based on the belief that ________.
86
a. poor people are unambitious and lack initiative
b. people who live in poverty develop a cultural orientation that helps them adapt to their life
circumstances
c. the intergenerational cycle of poverty is a myth
d. people fail in life because their access to conventional channels to success is blocked
Answer: d

22. Which of the following is a difference between the Head Start program and WIN (Work Incentive
Program)?
a. Head Start is an indirect long-term approach, whereas WIN provides temporary public service jobs.
b. Head Start provides jobs for the homeless, whereas WIN aims to improve the durability of poor
workers.
c. Head Start is a direct short-term approach, whereas WIN is an indirect short-term approach.
d. Head Start provides jobs to retired veterans, whereas WIN increases employee motivation.
Answer: a
Question Title: TB_06_22 Future Prospects, Analyze, LO 6.4

23. Which of the following is a characteristic of job programs such as Work Incentive Program (WIN)
and Job Training Partnership Act (JTPA)?
a. They provide every unemployed poor person with a permanent job.
b. They help in the elimination of poverty.
c. They provide on-the-job training and temporary public service jobs.
d. They fail to take unemployed females into consideration.
Answer: c

24. Which of the following is a true statement about Job Corps?

a. It focuses on single or unmarried mothers from poor neighborhoods.
b. It provides jobs to old homeless men and women.
c. It focuses on high school dropouts from poor neighborhoods.
87
d. It provides retired veterans with on-the-job training.
Answer: c

25. Which of the following is a true statement about social insurance programs?
a. They are exclusively meant to assist the uninsured poor.
b. There is no minimum income to be eligible for these programs.
c. People cannot obtain outside insurance if they are part of a social insurance program.
d. They are specifically started for college students who are temporarily and willingly poor.
Answer: b

26. Shane was an assembly line worker at an automobile factory. An accident at the factory left him
disabled. Which of the following programs is can help Shane?
a. Job Corps
b. Social Security
c. Supplemental Security Income
d. Head Start
Answer: b
Question Title: TB_06_26 Future Prospects, Apply, LO 6.4

27. Supplemental Security Income is a program that provides ________.

a. supplementary medical insurance in return for a monthly premium
b. unemployment compensation and benefits to workers for on-the-job injuries
c. money to certain categories of poor people with little income and few assets
d. income to retired or disabled workers and their survivors
Answer: c
88
28. Ronald, a sociologist, claims that public assistance programs have lost support from the majority
of the United States population. Which of the following is the reason behind Ronald's claim?
a. Many individuals have been dropped from public-assistance rolls in the past two decades.
b. Public assistance programs only support people who are defined as the deserving poor.
c. There is frustration over the continuing growth in welfare costs.
d. They are perceived as disproportionately supporting the majority white population.
Answer: c

29. A person who feels that poverty programs are ineffective is most likely to agree with the fact that
________.
a. poverty programs are designed by people who are not poor
b. poverty programs target the undeserving poor as well as the deserving poor
c. a majority of the poor are unambitious and irresponsible
d. policy makers and the poor have interests that are very similar
Answer: a

30. Mason believes that a coalition of poor groups and civil rights organizations could be an effective
weapon for alleviating poverty. However, Steve, his friend, disagrees with him. Which of the
following is the reason for Steve's disagreement?
a. Many of the programs intended to alleviate poverty have been designed by politicians, economists,
sociologists, and other experts who are not themselves poor.
b. According to research, majority of the poor people are unthinking, unambitious, irresponsible, and
possibly even dangerous social misfits.
c. Such a coalition could create a backlash against the poor and create substantial reductions in public
assistance.
d. This coalition could fail since civil rights organizations and poor groups do not have any common
goals.
Answer: c
89
Short Answers
31. How can the relative nature of poverty be taken into account?
Answer: To take the relative nature of poverty into account, one suggestion might be to define the
poor as those families who are on the lowest end of the income scale, say the 15 percent of people
with the lowest income. Or the poor may be defined as people in those families with incomes less than
one-third of the median household income in the United States.

32. Describe the use of the absolute definition of poverty.
Answer: The use of the absolute definition of poverty in many social policy decisions reflects the
belief of many that the government should provide equal opportunities for people to achieve resources
rather than ensure an equitable distribution of those resources. In this view, the government's role is to
provide people with the minimum necessary resources that will enable them to achieve on their own.

33. Describe a key factor responsible for the poverty of racial and ethnic minorities.
Answer: A key factor responsible for the poverty of racial and ethnic minorities has been oppression
and discrimination. After the abolition of slavery, African Americans experienced decades of severe
oppression during which it was difficult for black families to advance from poverty. American Indians
have confronted some unique problems in the form of the reservation system and the Bureau of Indian
Affairs (BIA), which were intended to work for the benefit of Indians but seem instead to have
worked to their disadvantage.

34. Describe the reasons for high poverty among children in the United States.
90
Answer: Children living in large families are especially likely to live in poverty. This is because
economic resources must be spread more thinly in a large family and because the mother is less able
to work outside the home when she has many children. A major reason for the persistently high
poverty among children is changes in the family structure in the United States—higher divorce rates,
more children born to unmarried women, and more female-headed families.

35. Why is income from earned work essential for many poor families to support themselves?
Answer: Only 20 percent of poor families receive cash public-assistance income, although others
receive such government assistance as unemployment benefits, Social Security payments, disability
assistance, government pensions, and the like. Thirty percent of all poor families receive no noncash
benefits, such as food stamps or Medicaid, from the government. So, income earned from work is
essential for many poor families to support themselves.

36. Mention the facts that contradict the popular image that many people have of the poor as able-
bodied people who are unwilling to work.
Answer: Many poor people do work at low-paying or part-time jobs. Among the poor who do not
work at all, one half of them are either ill, disabled, or retired. Another one-third are in school or are
looking for but cannot find work. Others are prevented from working by child rearing or other family
obligations. Still others have given up on trying to find work after years with no success.

37. Give a possible devastating consequence of temporary unemployment.
Answer: Some of the unemployed become eligible for welfare assistance when unemployment
benefits end, but not all unemployed are eligible for welfare. To be eligible, people may have to sell
their homes and use up most of their savings. Temporary unemployment, then, could devastate a
family that had worked and accumulated resources over the years.

91
38. Describe Herbert J. Gans's suggestions on how poverty can be functional.
Answer: The existence of poverty ensures that society's "dirty work" will be done. Poverty subsidizes
many of the activities of the more affluent because the poor are willing to work for low wages. It also
creates jobs for all those people who serve the poor, such as social workers, or who protect society
from them, such as police and corrections officers.

39. Explain why social mobility in the United States is mostly short range.
Answer: For the most part, children tend to take jobs that are not too different in socioeconomic status
from those of their parents. Furthermore, children of the affluent have much greater access to a good
education, which has become a key requirement for success.

40. What are income-maintenance programs? Mention the two general categories of income-
maintenance programs.
Answer: Modern governments have taken on the responsibility of assisting those in need through a
variety of programs called income-maintenance programs that provide them with some minimal level
of resources. In the United States, these programs can be divided into two general categories: social
insurance and public assistance.

92
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Peggy knelt down, so as to come nearer to the tub, and looked
down into it. Then she uttered a little wail. “O father, I think they’re all
looking sick somehow! Look at my flounders!”
One of the flounders, alas! was dead already, as well as the crab,
and the other looked rather sorry for himself. Colonel Roberts,
however, would not let Peggy cry.
“Look here, child,” he said; “they want to be put back into the sea
—that’s all. There are too many of them all crowded together in the
tub; we’ll take them back to a pool on the shore, and they will soon
be as frisky as ever again.”
“Not the dead ones,” said Peggy solemnly.
“No, not the poor dead ones, but the sick ones. Go and fetch me
a pail, and we’ll carry them down to the shore.”
“But then I won’t ever see them again,” Peggy objected.
“Now, don’t be a selfish little girl. You would rather they lived and
were happy, wouldn’t you?”
“Ye—s,” Peggy faltered.
“Well, go and fetch the pail.”
After all, it would be good fun to put them all back into the sea,
Peggy thought; so she ran away and fetched the garden pail from
the shed. Colonel Roberts pulled up his sleeves, and dived his arm
into the tub, and fished up the creatures one by one. They all looked
rather flabby and sick.
“Now, we must take them down to the shore,” he said.
They selected a nice large pool, and one by one placed the poor
sick creatures into it. Then Peggy sat down to watch. She had not
long to wait: the sick flounder revived in the most extraordinary
manner, the anemones began to wave their feelers about in the nice
clean water as if they too felt all right.
“See! they are all quite happy again, Peggy,” said her father.
“Oh, I am sorry not to keep them,” said she. “Do you think I’ll ever
get anything to play with that I can love so much?”
“Well, that depends upon yourself, Peggy; but as we walk back to
the house you can guess what I’ve got for you at home.”
“Have you got something new for me—something I’ll love?”
“Yes, quite new. I fancy you’ll love it very much.”
“As much as my sea beasts?”
“Oh, a great deal more. What do you think would be the nicest
thing you could have?”
“A Shetland pony?”
“No, far nicer.”
“A big Persian pussy-cat?”
“No, nicer still.”
Peggy began to dance with impatience. “Oh, do tell me; what is
it?” she cried.
“Well, you will find a new sister at home, very small and pink, with
blue eyes and a lot of nice black hair.”
Peggy received this description dumbly; indeed, she walked on
for a few yards before she said bitterly,—
“O father, I’d have liked the Shetland pony ever so much better;
couldn’t you change it yet? Is the sister much cheaper? I’ll give you
my shilling!”
She was rather hurt by the way her father laughed at this
proposal.
“Why, Peggy, a sister will be ever so much nicer than a pony; she
will be able to play with you and speak to you soon.”
“Can’t she speak? She can’t be a very good one,” said Peggy
dolefully.
“No, she can only cry as yet—she cries a good deal.”
“Well, I don’t want her then, father. Do please send her away, and
get me the pony instead, or even the cat.”
“I think we’ve got to keep her, Peggy. Suppose you wait till you
see her. Perhaps you won’t wish then to send her away.”
“Can she walk, if she is so stupid, and can’t talk?” Peggy asked
suspiciously.
“Oh no, she can’t walk; she is dressed in long robes, just like your
Belinda.”
“Who has been playing with her?” Peggy asked. “Has mother? It
doesn’t amuse her much to play with Belinda, and if this thing is just
like her, I wonder mother cares to play with it either.”
“Yes, mother has played with her most of the time.”
“Well, I think it’s very queer of her, for she doesn’t like Belinda a
bit,” said Peggy. Then, after a moment’s silence, she added,
“Perhaps I’ll like it too; I don’t feel as if I would. And please, father,
will you let me ride up to the house on your back?”
This ended the discussion about the new sister.
And now, if I were to tell you how precious the new sister was to
Peggy, it would take another volume as big as this to tell it. For when
Peggy’s sister grew a little older, they had such wonderful
adventures together that Peggy used to wonder how she had got on
all the tiresome years when she was alone.
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Introduction To Social Problems 10Th Edition Sullivan Test Bank Full Chapter PDF

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Introduction To Social Problems 10Th Edition Sullivan Test Bank Full Chapter PDF

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Introduction to Social Problems 10th

Edition Sullivan Test Bank

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which of the following is true of the absolute definition of poverty?

Question Title: TB_06_01 The Extent of Poverty, Understand, LO 6.1

Question Title: TB_06_02 The Extent of Poverty, Apply, LO 6.1

3. Which of the following is true of the relative definition of poverty?

Question Title: TB_06_03 The Extent of Poverty, Understand, LO 6.1

4. The relative definition of poverty states that ________.

Question Title: TB_06_04 The Extent of Poverty, Remember, LO 6.1

Question Title: TB_06_05 The Extent of Poverty, Remember, LO 6.1

Question Title: TB_06_06 The Extent of Poverty, Understand, LO 6.1

Question Title: TB_06_07 Who Are The Poor?, Remember, LO 6.2

Question Title: TB_06_08 Who Are The Poor?, Remember, LO 6.2

Question Title: TB_06_09 Who Are The Poor?, Understand, LO 6.2

Question Title: TB_06_10 Who Are The Poor?, Remember, LO 6.2

Question Title: TB_06_11 The Causes of Poverty, Apply, LO 6.3

12. The functionalist perspective on poverty states that ________.

Question Title: TB_06_12 The Causes of Poverty, Remember, LO 6.3

Question Title: TB_06_13 The Causes of Poverty, Remember, LO 6.3

14. According to the functionalist perspective, inflation may be reduced by ________.

Question Title: TB_06_14 The Causes of Poverty, Understand, LO 6.3

Question Title: TB_06_15 The Causes of Poverty, Analyze, LO 6.3

Question Title: TB_06_16 The Causes of Poverty, Understand, LO 6.3

Question Title: TB_06_18 The Causes of Poverty, Understand, LO 6.3

Question Title: TB_06_19 Future Prospects, Remember, LO 6.4

20. Which of the following is a caution about full employment programs?

Question Title: TB_06_20 Future Prospects, Understand, LO 6.4

Question Title: TB_06_21 Future Prospects, Remember, LO 6.4

Question Title: TB_06_22 Future Prospects, Analyze, LO 6.4

Question Title: TB_06_23 Future Prospects, Understand, LO 6.4

24. Which of the following is a true statement about Job Corps?

Question Title: TB_06_24 Future Prospects, Understand, LO 6.4

Question Title: TB_06_25 Future Prospects, Understand, LO 6.4

Question Title: TB_06_26 Future Prospects, Apply, LO 6.4

27. Supplemental Security Income is a program that provides ________.

Question Title: TB_06_27 Future Prospects, Understand, LO 6.4

Question Title: TB_06_28 Future Prospects, Analyze, LO 6.4

Question Title: TB_06_29 Future Prospects, Analyze, LO 6.4

Question Title: TB_06_31 The Extent of Poverty, Understand, LO 6.1

32. Describe the use of the absolute definition of poverty.

Question Title: TB_06_32 The Extent of Poverty, Remember, LO 6.1

Question Title: TB_06_33 Who Are The Poor?, Remember, LO 6.2

Question Title: TB_06_34 Who Are The Poor?, Understand, LO 6.2

Question Title: TB_06_35 Who Are The Poor?, Understand, LO 6.2

Question Title: TB_06_36 Who Are The Poor?, Remember, LO 6.2

37. Give a possible devastating consequence of temporary unemployment.

Question Title: TB_06_37 Who Are The Poor?, Remember, LO 6.2

38. Describe Herbert J. Gans's suggestions on how poverty can be functional.

Question Title: TB_06_38 The Causes of Poverty, Remember, LO 6.3

Question Title: TB_06_39 The Causes of Poverty, Understand, LO 6.3

Question Title: TB_06_40 Future Prospects, Remember, LO 6.4

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