Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Multiple Choice
1. Due to the explosive growth of digital communication, micro-level and macro-level
phenomena ______.
A. are more segregated
B. are more intertwined
C. are reducing the expansion of globalization
D. are more separate from individual influence
Ans: B
Learning Objective: 6-1: Describe the features of bureaucracies and informal
organizations.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Organizations, Societies, and the Global Relationships
Difficulty Level: Medium
3. Societies are filled with ______, which are collectives purposely constructed to
achieve particular ends.
A. governances
B. organizations
C. formations
D. systems
Ans: B
Learning Objective: 6-1: Describe the features of bureaucracies and informal
organizations.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Organizations
Difficulty Level: Easy
Ritzer, Introduction to Sociology 4e
SAGE Publishing, 2018
5. Capitalism and bureaucracy best exemplify what Max Weber meant by ______.
A. rationalization
B. ethnomethodology
C. systemization
D. organization
Ans: A
Learning Objective: 6-1: Describe the features of bureaucracies and informal
organizations.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Organizations
Difficulty Level: Easy
6. According to Max Weber, a(n) ______ is a model in which the degree of rationality is
greatly exaggerated.
A. prototype
B. ideal type
C. real type
D. model type
Ans: B
Learning Objective: 6-1: Describe the features of bureaucracies and informal
organizations.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Rationality and Irrationality
Difficulty Level: Medium
7. John is a boss who is very stern with his employees, and they follow every command
he gives to them. John is someone who exemplifies ______.
A. weak domination
B. strong domination
C. rational-legal authority
D. strong subordination
Ans: B
Learning Objective: 6-1: Describe the features of bureaucracies and informal
organizations.
Ritzer, Introduction to Sociology 4e
SAGE Publishing, 2018
8. The president and a police officer are examples of people who have positions of
______.
A. legitimate authority
B. rational-legal authority
C. charismatic authority
D. rationalized dominance
Ans: B
Learning Objective: 6-1: Describe the features of bureaucracies and informal
organizations.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Authority Structures and Bureaucracy
Difficulty Level: Hard
Ans: A
Learning Objective: 6-1: Describe the features of bureaucracies and informal
organizations.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Authority Structures and Bureaucracy
Difficulty Level: Hard
13. The order of succession to the British throne is an example of ______ authority.
A. rational
B. charismatic
C. organizational
D. traditional
Ans: D
Learning Objective: 6-1: Describe the features of bureaucracies and informal
organizations.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Authority Structures and Bureaucracy
Difficulty Level: Hard
15. The fact that rationality is limited by the instabilities and conflicts that exist in most
organizations is referred to as ______.
A. limiting rationality
Ritzer, Introduction to Sociology 4e
SAGE Publishing, 2018
B. political rationality
C. technical rationality
D. bounded rationality
Ans: D
Learning Objective: 6-1: Describe the features of bureaucracies and informal
organizations.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Rationality and Irrationality
Difficulty Level: Easy
16. ______ is a problem in bureaucracies where rules are required needlessly and often
slow progress or increase amount or complexity of work.
A. Red tape
B. The Peter Principle
C. Bounded rationality
D. Informationalism
Ans: A
Learning Objective: 6-1: Describe the features of bureaucracies and informal
organizations.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Rationality and Irrationality
Difficulty Level: Easy
17. Joan calls a computer company for assistance and is transferred to several people.
After she is on the phone for thirty additional minutes, she is disconnected. What has
Joan just experienced?
A. the Peter Principle
B. red tape
C. legal-rational authority
D. informationalism
Ans: B
Learning Objective: 6-1: Describe the features of bureaucracies and informal
organizations.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Rationality and Irrationality
Difficulty Level: Easy
18. Peter works in a college office. He spends most of his day sending back forms to
students when they have filled a form out incorrectly, even when it contains all the
information needed to complete the task. Peter has a ______ personality.
A. charismatic
B. traditional
C. bureaucratic
D. tedious
Ans: C
Ritzer, Introduction to Sociology 4e
SAGE Publishing, 2018
19. Daniel works for a company where employees ask each other for guidance in
certain situations rather than ask their supervisors. This company is an example of a(n)
______ bureaucracy.
A. informal
B. formal
C. collegial
D. ideal
Ans: A
Learning Objective: 6-1: Describe the features of bureaucracies and informal
organizations.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: The Informal Organization
Difficulty Level: Hard
20. When a country is ruled by a small group of people at the top who exercise a great
deal of power, often obtained through illegitimate means, this is referred to as a(n)
______.
A. capitalist dictatorship
B. informal bureaucracy
C. oligarchy
D. democracy
Ans: C
Learning Objective: 6-1: Describe the features of bureaucracies and informal
organizations.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: The Informal Organization
Difficulty Level: Hard
21. Which of these accurately describes how a problem has changed from the past in
the digital age?
A. People are expected to do less than they did in the past.
B. Employees used to be monitored less carefully than they are now.
C. Interaction can be more easily controlled in a centralized way.
D. There used to be a problem with too little information in writing; now there is the
danger of too much in written form.
Ans: D
Learning Objective: 6-1: Describe the features of bureaucracies and informal
organizations.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: The Informal Organization
Ritzer, Introduction to Sociology 4e
SAGE Publishing, 2018
25. Which of these sociological concepts address the new realities of organizations
supplementing bureaucracies?
A. informal organizations; anomic organizations
B. gendered organizations; network organizations
C. atomic organizations; classed organizations
D. nature versus nurture
Ans:
Ritzer, Introduction to Sociology 4e
SAGE Publishing, 2018
26. According to the examples provided in the book, which of these organizations has
faced major problems in conforming to contemporary realities?
A. the NFL
B. Ford
C. Netflix
D. Microsoft
Ans: A
Learning Objective: 6-2: Discuss challenges that arise in contemporary organizations.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Other Problems in Organizations
Difficulty Level: Medium
27. Women face the ______, in which they cannot get promoted past a certain level in
bureaucratic organizations despite their qualifications.
A. glass ceiling
B. glass escalator
C. pink elevator
D. pink ceiling
Ans: A
Learning Objective: 6-2: Discuss challenges that arise in contemporary organizations.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Gendered Organizations
Difficulty Level: Medium
28. Sexual harassment can consist of many types of unwanted sexual attention such as
jokes, remarks, or sexual advances, but in order to be illegal, ______.
A. it must come from a high-ranking man to a lower ranking woman
B. it must be offensive not just to the victim but to the workplace culture as a whole
C. it must be recurrent or severe enough to create a hostile workplace
D. it must directly influence someone’s pay or promotion
Ans: C
Learning Objective 6-2: Discuss challenges that arise in contemporary organizations.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Other Problems in Organizations
Difficulty Level: Hard
29. Companies, such as Dell, have organizations located in other counties besides the
United States, where customer service questions are handled. This is referred to as
______.
A. downsizing
B. offshore outsourcing
Ritzer, Introduction to Sociology 4e
SAGE Publishing, 2018
C. informationalism
D. McDonaldization
Ans: B
Learning Objective: 6-2: Discuss challenges that arise in contemporary organizations.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Globalization and Organizations
Difficulty Level: Hard
30. Many people are now filling out their own tax forms and printing out their own
postage stamps at home. The people who are doing so are referred to as ______.
A. consumers
B. producers
C. prosumers
D. orientators
Ans: C
Learning Objective: 6-2: Discuss challenges that arise in contemporary organizations.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Contemporary Changes in Organizations
Difficulty Level: Easy
31. One strategy of companies who use offshore outsourcing for customer service calls
for U.S. customers is “national identity management.” This means ______.
A. helping to educate people on calls about their home country
B. selecting national identities with accents that sound trustworthy to Americans
C. cross marketing products to the outsource country and the United States
D. posing as an American on calls, complete with an adopted American hometown and
Americanized name
Ans: D
Learning Objective: 6-2: Discuss challenges that arise in contemporary organizations.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Globalization and Organizations
Difficulty Level: Easy
32. McDonaldized systems in the realm of consumption must be more ______ than the
traditional bureaucracy.
A. bureaucratic
B. flexible
C. customer-friendly
D. ruthless
Ans: C
Learning Objective: 6-2: Discuss challenges that arise in contemporary organizations.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: McDonaldization and Bureaucratic Organizations
Difficulty Level: Medium
33. The network organization came into existence during which decade?
Ritzer, Introduction to Sociology 4e
SAGE Publishing, 2018
A. 1960s
B. 1970s
C. 1980s
D. 1990s
Ans: B
Learning Objective: 6-2: Discuss challenges that arise in contemporary organizations.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Network Organizations
Difficulty Level: Easy
34. Many factories and companies are linked through knowledge and information. This
is referred to as ______.
A. knowledge inferential
B. information sourcing
C. informationalism
D. intelligence systems
Ans: C
Learning Objective: 6-2: Discuss challenges that arise in contemporary organizations.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Informationalism
Difficulty Level: Easy
36. A ______ is a complex pattern of social relationships that is bounded in space and
persists over time.
A. society
B. social structure
C. bureaucracy
D. hierarchy
Ans: A
Learning Objective: 6-3: Contrast gemeinschaft and gesellschaft societies.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Societies
Difficulty Level: Easy
Ritzer, Introduction to Sociology 4e
SAGE Publishing, 2018
39. People who live in a large city, such as Los Angeles, may feel a sense of being
disconnected from each other. People living in these cities, according to the text, would
be living in a ______.
A. gemeinschaft society
B. gazelle-like society
C. gesellschaft society
D. primitive society
Ans: C
Learning Objective: 6-3: Contrast gemeinschaft and gesellschaft societies.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Societies
Difficulty Level: Medium
40. As a leading ______ theorist, Talcott Parsons had a ______ view of macro-level
societies.
A. symbolic interaction; constructionist
B. conflict; negative
C. structural functionalist; positive
D. ethnomethodologist; dismissive
Ans: C
Learning Objective: 6-3: Contrast gemeinschaft and gesellschaft societies.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Societies
Ritzer, Introduction to Sociology 4e
SAGE Publishing, 2018
41. Ulrich Beck argued that we have moved from an industrial society to a(n) ______
society.
A. unequal
B. risk
C. oligarchic
D. technocratic
Ans: B
Learning Objective: 6-3: Contrast gemeinschaft and gesellschaft societies.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Societies
Difficulty Level: Easy
43. ______ is the major reason there are greater risks to society than ever before.
A. McDonaldization
B. Cultural imperialism
C. Globalization
D. Informationalism
Ans: C
Learning Objective: 6-3: Contrast gemeinschaft and gesellschaft societies.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Societies
Difficulty Level: Easy
44. The Irish are an example of a ______, as they are a large group of people who are
linked through common descent.
A. nation-state
B. state
C. race
D. nation
Ans: D
Learning Objective: 6-4: Describe global social organization and global flows.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Global Relationships
Ritzer, Introduction to Sociology 4e
SAGE Publishing, 2018
45. Japan and Israel are examples of ______ because they encompass a population
that defines itself by its political organizational structure and its people.
A. nations
B. states
C. oligarchies
D. nation-states
Ans: D
Learning Objective: 6-4: Describe global social organization and global flows.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Global Relationships
Difficulty Level: Medium
46. According to the text, the U.S. government is an example of a(n) ______.
A. state
B. nation
C. nation-state
D. oligarchy
Ans: A
Learning Objective: 6-4: Describe global social organization and global flows.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Global Relationships
Difficulty Level: Medium
48. According to Arjun Appadurai, there are fluid, irregular, and variable global flows
that produce different results throughout the world. Appadurai calls these ______.
A. landscapes
B. globules
C. glo-flows
D. gesellschaft societies
Ans: A
Learning Objective: 6-4: Describe global social organization and global flows.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Landscapes
Ritzer, Introduction to Sociology 4e
SAGE Publishing, 2018
49. During times of financial depression, which type of landscape might be the main
focus of economists?
A. ethnoscapes
B. financescapes
C. ideoscapes
D. mediascapes
Ans: B
Learning Objective: 6-4: Describe global social organization and global flows.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Landscapes
Difficulty Level: Medium
50. Some countries distribute negative information about other countries, hoping to gain
favor in the eyes of the public. This is an example of a(n) ______.
A. ideoscape
B. mediascape
C. technoscape
D. financescape
Ans: A
Learning Objective: 6-4: Describe global social organization and global flows.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Landscapes
Difficulty Level: Medium
51. The most important and obvious barriers to global flows are constructed by ______.
A. nation-states
B. nations
C. continents
D. corporations
Ans: A
Learning Objective: 6-4: Describe global social organization and global flows.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Global Barriers
Difficulty Level: Medium
52. Which of these defines the main difference between Microsoft and Linux?
A. One is proprietary and only people at the company work on it; the other one is open-
source and anyone in the world can contribute to it.
B. One is only sold in the United States and the other one is sold globally.
C. One can be used on any device and the other one only works on laptops.
D. One is priced for individual use and the other one is only for commercial use.
Ans: A
Learning Objective: 6-4: Describe global social organization and global flows.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Ritzer, Introduction to Sociology 4e
SAGE Publishing, 2018
True/False
1. Organizations refer to collectives, which are purposely constructed to achieve
particular ends.
Ans: T
Learning Objective: 6-1: Describe the features of bureaucracies and informal
organizations.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Organizations
Difficulty Level: Medium
5. The president of the United States is someone who exhibits traditional authority.
Ans: F
Learning Objective 6-1: Describe the features of bureaucracies and informal
organizations.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Authority Structures and Bureaucracy
Difficulty Level: Medium
Ritzer, Introduction to Sociology 4e
SAGE Publishing, 2018
6. The leaders of cults often have outgoing and engaging personalities and therefore
are referred to as people who exert charismatic authority.
Ans: T
Learning Objective: 6-1: Describe the features of bureaucracies and informal
organizations.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Authority Structures and Bureaucracy
Difficulty Level: Medium
7. Catch-22 comes from the name of a novel that was about how rules in bureaucracies
are written to be contradictory, such that it is impossible to follow one rule without
breaking another.
Ans: T
Learning Objective: 6-1: Describe the features of bureaucracies and informal
organizations.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Rationality and Irrationality
Difficulty Level: Medium
10. Theories of glass ceilings for women have been based on studies of American
organizations and are unlikely to apply globally.
Ans: F
Learning Objective: 6-1: Describe the features of bureaucracies and informal
organizations.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: The Informal Organization
Difficulty Level: Medium
Ritzer, Introduction to Sociology 4e
SAGE Publishing, 2018
11. Cases of sexual harassment often get widespread publicity, leading to overreporting
of sexual harassment to company management.
Ans: F
Learning Objective: 6-1: Describe the features of bureaucracies and informal
organizations.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: The Informal Organization
Difficulty Level: Medium
12. Contemporary organizations have been forced to become more flexible and agile
than the ideal type of a bureaucracy.
Ans: T
Learning Objective: 6-2: Discuss challenges that arise in contemporary organizations.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Contemporary Changes in Organizations
Difficulty Level: Easy
13. Bureaucratization is mostly invisible to the consumers of the goods and services it
produces.
Ans: T
Learning Objective: 6-2: Discuss challenges that arise in contemporary organizations.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: McDonaldization and Bureaucratic Organizations
Difficulty Level: Medium
16. Talcott Parsons was a structural functionalist who had a very positive view of macro-
level societies.
Ans: T
Learning Objective: 6-3: Contrast gemeinschaft and gesellschaft societies.
Ritzer, Introduction to Sociology 4e
SAGE Publishing, 2018
18. Spaces of places are settings that have well-defined borders, can limit flows of all
kinds, and are likely to have some solidity.
Ans: T
Learning Objective: 6-4: Describe global social organization and global flows.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Spaces of Flows
Difficulty Level: Easy
19. Spaces of flows are likely to have clear and defensible borders and are permanent
in nature.
Ans: F
Learning Objective: 6-4: Describe global social organization and global flows.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Spaces of Flows
Difficulty Level: Easy
20. Some of the most important and most obvious barriers to global flows are those
constructed by nation-states, but nation-states have been losing control over a number
of global flows.
Ans: T
Learning Objective: 6-4: Describe global social organization and global flows.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Controlling Global Flows and Mobilities
Difficulty Level: Easy
Essay
1. Discuss three components of a bureaucracy according to Max Weber. What did
Weber mean by the term ideal type?
Ans: Varies, but should include three of the following components: Positions within the
organization have official functions and are bound by a set of rules; each office has a
sphere of competence and the authority to handle specific tasks in that sphere;
positions exist in a vertical hierarchy; positions have technical requirements, and those
who hold those offices must undergo the needed training; those who occupy positions
do not own the equipment needed for the job, as it is provided by the company; those
who occupy particular offices--CEOs, for example--do not get to keep them when they
Ritzer, Introduction to Sociology 4e
SAGE Publishing, 2018
leave, as they remain part of the organization; everything with any formal importance is
documented in writing. An ideal type is a pure type of a category within a conceptual
system. A pure example of an ideal type is not expected to be found in the real world,
but typologies with such clearly defined categories help to simplify understanding of the
real world.
Learning Objective: 6-1: Describe the features of bureaucracies and informal
organizations.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Bureaucracies
Difficulty Level: Medium
2. Identify and explain the characteristics of the three types of authority in Max Weber’s
theory of authority. What differentiates the types of authority? Give an example of each
type.
Ans: Varies, but should include rational-legal authority, traditional authority, and
charismatic authority. Types are differentiated by how they achieve legitimacy.
Rational-legal is legitimized based on legal rules or rights. The U.S. president is an
example. Traditional authority draws its legitimacy from long-running traditions. An
example is the queen of England. Charismatic authority draws its legitimacy from the
exceptional charisma of the leader. Gandhi is an example.
Learning Objective: 6-1: Describe the features of bureaucracies and informal
organizations.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Authority Structures and Bureaucracy
Difficulty Level: Medium
3. Discuss the concept of landscapes according to Arjun Appadurai and list three types
of landscapes.
Ans: Correct answer varies, but should include a definition of landscapes or “scapes”:
fluid, irregular, and variable global flows that produce different results throughout the
world. Types could be any of these five: Ethnoscapes allow movement of groups such
as tourists and refugees. Technoscapes include mechanical technologies that move
around the world, such as Internet or material goods such as refrigerators.
Financescapes are how financial instruments allow huge sums of money or other items
of high economic value such as gold or precious metals to move around the world
swiftly. Mediascapes are how information and images are transmitted around the world
and include old-fashioned media such as newspapers as well as new forms such as
YouTube.com. Ideoscapes are political ideologies that may include propaganda in
written or image form that either supports one idea or tries to disparage another
unfavorable view. It is how these items move around the world’s mediascapes and
technoscapes.
Learning Objective: 6-4: Describe global social organization and global flows.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Landscapes
Difficulty Level: Medium
Ritzer, Introduction to Sociology 4e
SAGE Publishing, 2018
4. According to the text, formal organizations have some inadequacies, but informal
organization can help compensate for these. What is informal organization? After
defining this term, name one way that informal organization might compensate for
formal organizations.
Ans: Answer varies, but needs to include a definition of informal organization as how
organizations actually work, as opposed to the way they are supposed to work based on
their formal rules and regulations. Some ways informal organization can compensate for
formal organization inadequacies include useful actions that employees can take that
are ignored by the formal organization, such as students offering advice on faculty
members who make the best (and worst) advisers. Another example from the text is
solving problems without putting things down in writing in order to avoid the time-
consuming documentation or the rigid protocols required once it is in writing.
Learning Objective: 6-1: Describe the features of bureaucracies and informal
organizations.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: The Informal Organization
Difficulty Level: Medium
7. Manuel Castells argued that there was a change in the flow of places over time,
saying we have gone from “spaces of places” to “spaces of flows.” Define these two
terms, and provide one example of each.
Ans: Correct answer varies, but should include a definition of spaces of places as
settings that have well-defined borders and can limit flows across borders, have solidity,
and are long-lasting, such as walled cities in the Middle Ages, to spaces of flows,
which do not have clear, defensible borders and have fluidity. An example is an airport.
Other examples are fast-food restaurants and shopping malls.
Learning Objective: 6-3: Contrast gemeinschaft and gesellschaft societies.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Societies
Difficulty Level: Medium
8. The text suggests that organizations that seek to control global flows face competition
from organizations that are fluid and open. What is meant by this? Provide an example
of competition between a traditional and open organization. Give one example of criteria
that limit the effects of openness.
Ans: Varies, but should include a discussion of how open systems such as Linux (in
book), Wikipedia (in book), or Uber (not in book) are challenging traditional systems like
Microsoft, encyclopedias, or taxis, because open systems gain cheaper development
and refinement from experts by letting down the gates for participation and ownership.
Traditional systems sell their items at a high cost and are created by employees only,
but this limits the intelligence and ideas that can be drawn upon for creation or
correction. There is a limit to openness because those in lower classes or in the Global
South may not have access to Internet or computer equipment to be able to effectively
participate.
Learning Objective: 6-4: Describe global social organization and global flows.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: More Open Organizations?
Difficulty Level: Medium
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Papa gave him a little counsel in a low tone of voice, but I do not
think he listened very attentively. He was a boy without a bit of
sentiment or tender regard. He merely sang out—“Good-bye, old
chap,” to Louis, and though he thanked us for our kindness, it was
only from a gentlemanly instinct. Then he sprang into the stage and
was off.
“I do not know whether I should like to have such a son or not,”
mamma said slowly, as we entered papa’s study. “He is bright and
manly and entertaining, but he leaves you with a feeling that out of
sight is out of mind.”
“I have tried to sow a little good seed;” yet papa shook his head
gravely.
“But you are afraid it is in sandy ground;” Fan added, with a touch
of comforting sweetness in her voice. “I haven’t much faith in its
bearing fruit, and yet I do believe he has come to have more
consideration for Louis. He has not tormented him half as much
lately. That would be one point gained.”
“Yes. After all, I have more hope of Louis. The struggle will be
much harder, for his temperament and his health are against him,
but he will be steadier in anything he undertakes. I have become
deeply interested in both of them, and I do not feel as if it was going
to end here.”
It seemed as if the day was to be rendered memorable for us. In
the midst of the talk came a sudden hard ring. I answered it and
found Mr. Fairlie’s man with a frightened look in his face.
“If you please, Miss—is your father in?” he asked.
“Papa!”
He came at the summons.
“The master is—very bad, sir. They want to see you right away.
Mister Dick is taking it very hard.”
“Mr. Fairlie!” exclaimed papa in amaze.—“Why, I saw him
yesterday, and well.”
“He’s been rather queer in his head for two or three days. It was
the sun or something.—And about midnight he was taken. The
Doctor has given him up now.”
“Yes,” said papa, bewildered. “I’ll be there directly.”
“I’ve the wagon here for you, sir.”
He just kissed mamma and went without another word. Such calls
left no room for discussions.
“It cannot be possible!” ejaculated Fan.
“Mrs. Fairlie and Kate away!” said mamma. “How very sad.”
We had not the heart to talk about it and separated for our
morning’s employment. School had begun again, so I made the
children ready. Nelly had just entered the Seminary. Then I put my
rooms in order while Fan assisted in the kitchen. Tabby came up
stairs followed by her small gray and white kitten, who was a puffy
ball of frolic. She glanced around the room in a curious, complacent
fashion.
“Yes, Tabby,” I said, “the plague of your life has departed. Mrs.
Whitcomb will be here next, and you know she is fond of you, so
your troubles are ending. I don’t believe we have learned to like boys
so very much, after all.”
“No,” returned Tabby, with a grave whisk of the tail, while the kitten
made a vigorous attack on the bits of sunshine quivering through the
great sycamore leaves.
I went down stairs and sewed awhile in the nursery. Dinner came,
but no papa. Louis had returned from his drive and looked very
cheerful. We could not wait on account of the children, and
unconsciously his prolonged absence gave us a little hope.
It was dashed down presently. The church bell began to toll. We
glanced at each other in a startled way.
“Poor Dick!” said Fan, turning her head, and I knew her eyes were
full of tears. I could not help a curious thought. What if this sorrow
should bring them together?
Miss Churchill made us a nice long call in the afternoon, and
before she had gone papa returned. Dick had begged him to stay
and go to the station for Mrs. Fairlie who had just come, and do
several other special errands for him. The ladies had stopped on
their homeward way at the house of a cousin in Bridgeport, and were
thus easily reached by telegraph.
“What a terrible shock!” exclaimed Miss Churchill. “A man in
almost perfect health, too; though Dr. Hawley I believe mentioned his
having some trouble with his heart. Was that the cause?”
“I have no doubt it helped materially. He had complained of a dull,
heavy headache for two or three days, and yesterday he was out in
the sun which appeared to affect him a good deal. At midnight he
was taken with paralysis. But brief as the time was it found him
ready. He seemed to have gleams of consciousness and knew me at
intervals. His trust was staid upon God, and there was no fear, no
shrinking.”
“He has been a good, upright man. Kenton always esteemed him
highly.”
“He was more than that, Miss Churchill, he was an earnest
Christian. If the household had been of one mind, workers in the
vineyard, he would have lived a fuller and more joyous christian life.
But we are to work our way through hindrances. God gave him grace
and strength and perfected him in good deeds. I feel as if I had lost
my mainstay in the church. He was not a man of many words, but
you could rely upon him to the uttermost. And though I shall grieve
for a true and staunch friend, I shall also rejoice that he has gone to
his reward, better far than any earthly happiness.”
“You loved him very much,” said Miss Churchill, deeply moved.
“I did indeed.”
“The loss is dreadful to his family.”
“My heart ached for Richard. He and his father were tender
friends, and the watching through long hours, the not being able to
give him up, was agonizing in the extreme. Mrs. Fairlie was stunned
by the suddenness.”
“I wonder if I could be any—comfort to her?” Miss Churchill
questioned slowly.
“I wish you would call to-morrow,” said papa. “I don’t know but I
shall have to come to you and your brother now.”
“I am sure I should be glad to give you any assistance in my
power. I have been thinking lately that we live quite too much for
ourselves.”
“For the night cometh in which no man can work,” said papa
solemnly.
An awe fell over us all. One and another dropped in to wonder at
the occurrence. Sudden deaths always shock a community greatly.
Even the children did not want to play but sat on the porch steps and
looked into vacancy. Louis went up stairs directly after supper, but I
heard him pacing his room restlessly. I had put the little ones to bed
and was going down stairs when he called.
“Did you want anything?” I inquired.
“No—that is—are you busy?”
“Not especially.”
“I am going away so soon;” he said apologetically.
“And if I can do anything for you, I shall be glad to,” I made answer
cheerfully. “Shall I come in and read?”
“Thank you—I don’t care about that, I am in an odd, inconsequent
mood to night. Suppose you talk to me? I believe your voice has a
soothing effect.”
“Let us go down on the porch. It is cooler.”
“Where are the others?”
“Papa and Fanny have gone for a call. Mamma is in the nursery.”
“O, I wanted only you.”
“Come down then.”
I brought an easy chair out on the porch, and dropped into my own
small rocker. Tabby came along and crawled in my lap, turning round
three times and settling herself regardless of the welfare of her small
child, though I dare say she was asleep in some one’s slipper. The
moon was nearly at its full and made silvery shadows through the
interstices of the vines. The dewy air was fragrant and the night
musical with chirp and hum of countless insects.
“It is quite a relief to be rid of Stuart,” he began presently. “And
when I am gone you will doubtless feel still more comfortable.”
“I think you are quite comfortable to get on with now;” I said
cheerfully.
“Which implies—there was a time. Miss Endicott, do you think I
have improved any?”
“I do not know as it would be hardly fair to judge you by the first
week or two. You were on the eve of a severe illness, with your
nervous system completely disorganized.”
“But since then—be honest?”
“I think you have been pleasanter, more considerate, not so easily
ruffled;” I answered slowly.
“Please don’t fancy me fishing for compliments.”
“Compliments from me would not be so very flattering to one’s
vanity. They do not carry weight enough.”
“You believe that one could overcome—any fault?” after a pause
between the words.
“With God’s help—yes.”
“Without God’s help—what then?”
I was always so afraid of going astray in these talks. I could feel
what I meant, but I could not explain it clearly.
“‘Every good and perfect gift cometh from God,’” I made answer.
“And the desire to be better or stronger, to overcome any fault, must
proceed from Him.”
“Then why doesn’t he make Christians perfect?”
“God gives us the work to do. He says, ‘My grace shall be
sufficient for thee.’ Therefore we are to strive ourselves. He shows
us the right way, but if we seek out other paths, or if we sink into
indolence waiting for an angel to come and move our idle hands or
stir up our languid wills, can we reasonably blame Him?”
“I had not thought of that, I must confess. I had a fancy that—
religion did all these things for you.”
“What then is the Christian warfare? You know that grand old St.
Paul had to fight to the last, that he might not be a cast-away. Yet I
think no one ever doubted the genuineness of his conversion.”
“But if a man of his own determination, resolved, he could do a
great deal.”
“I should be weak to deny it. People have achieved heroic
victories, suffered pain and shame and death bravely for pride, or
some chosen idea. Only when it is done for the sake of Him who
saved us, it becomes so much the more noble. It is obeying Him.”
“Is it an easy thing to be good, Miss Endicott?”
“Not for every one,” I said.
“You admit that natures are different?”
“I do, cheerfully. Some people have very little self-control, others a
great deal. But it is strengthened by use, like a limb.”
“I have very little?”
“I did not say that.”
“But you know I have.”
“Papa said your temperament and your health were against you!”
“Did he say that?” was the eager question. “Well there are a
hundred things—I sometimes have such headaches that I can hardly
tell where I am, and if anything bothers me I feel as if I could stamp
on it, crush it out of existence. And if it is a person—”
“Oh,” I cried, “don’t please! That is murder in one’s heart.”
“And when any one annoys Stuart he laughs at him, flings, jeers
and exasperates. It is his way, yet every one thinks he has a lovely
temper. He makes others angry. I have seen him get half a class by
the ears, and in such a mess that no one knew what was the matter.
—I do not believe I ever in my life set about making another person
angry. But I cannot stand such things. They stir up all the bad blood
in me.”
“So you need patience, first of all.”
“But I can’t stop to think.”
“Ah, that is just it. Stopping to think saves us. And when we have
our great Captain to remember, and are endeavoring to walk in the
path He marked out for us, it makes it easier. We are trying for the
sake of one we love.”
“What else do I want?”
“Don’t ask me, please,” I entreated.
“Yes. I shall not let you evade me. Write me some copies to take
with me. Patience—what next?”
“Cheerfulness;” seeing that he compelled me to it. “Your nature is
morbid and melancholy. Just try to think that people will like you.
“But they do not.”
“Then you must give them something to like. Suppose we all hid
away our brightness?”
He laughed.
“It would be a rather blue world. But to try for admiration.”
“You don’t try for admiration. You give freely of the very best you
have. You remember about the little boy who hid his cake away until
it was mouldy and spoiled?”
“I believe you always give of the best here. And you never seem to
have any lack.”
“Did you ever break off a sprig of lemon verbena? Three new
shoots come in its place. When I was a little girl mamma explained it
to me, and said that if you nipped off one bit of pleasantness for a
friend or neighbor, something grew instantly for the next one. You
never give away all your joy and good feeling.”
He sighed a little, and said slowly—
“I believe I shall begin with my temper. I have always known that it
was bad, and expected to keep it all my life, but if it could be made a
little more reasonable!”
“I am sure it can, if you will try. It is hard work to be fighting
continually, to be on your guard against surprises, and sometimes to
have your best efforts misunderstood, yet it seems to me a grand
thing to gain a victory over one’s self.”
“You make it so;” he replied in a half doubtful tone.
“I wish you could be good friends with papa. He is so much wiser,
and can explain the puzzles. When you came to know him well you
would like him, you couldn’t help it.”
“Sometime—when I want such a friend;” he answered a trifle
coldly.
The voices sounded on the walk just then, and in a few moments
they came up. We had no special talk after that.
Mamma went over to Mrs. Fairlie’s the next day and met Miss
Churchill there. Kate had been in violent hysterics all night. They
appeared so utterly helpless. What should they do about black?
There wasn’t any thing decent in Wachusett! And could Mrs. Fairlie
find a long widow’s veil any where? There would not be time to send
to the city.
“I am quite sure that Mrs. Silverthorne has one. Hers was very
beautiful and she never wore it but a little; and a plain bonnet will
do.”
“Thank you, Miss Churchill. How kind you are. But I cannot
understand why this grief should come upon me.”
“God’s ways are not as our ways;” said mamma.
“But Mr. Fairlie was needed so much. I don’t know how I can live
without him!”
Mamma and Miss Churchill soothed and tried to comfort. Each
took a few orders on leaving.
“My objection to mourning is just this,” said Miss Churchill, when
they were seated in her basket phaeton. “In the midst of your grief
you have to stop and think wherewithal you shall be clothed. Dress-
makers and milliners are your constant care for the first month.”
“The fashion of this world;” mamma replied a little sadly.
That afternoon Louis received a telegram from his cousin. He
would meet him the next noon at the station in a through train, that
there might be no lost time. He only packed a valise, as his trunk
would be sent to Wilburton. We said our good-byes in quite a friendly
fashion. He appeared really grateful and sorry to leave us. Papa
went to the station with him and returned in an unusually grave
mood.
We kept up to the tense point of excitement until after Mr. Fairlie’s
funeral. It was largely attended, and very solemn and affecting.
Indeed, nearly every heart ached for Kate and her mother.
“But I do believe Dick suffers the most;” Fanny said. “I never saw
any one so changed in a few days.”
Afterward the will was read. The farm was bequeathed to Richard.
Stocks, bonds and mortgages were divided between Mrs. Fairlie and
Kate, who were thus made quite rich women. They could go to
Europe now.
I found myself wondering a little what Mr. Fairlie’s life would have
been with different surroundings. The Fairlies in their way were as
old and as good a family as the Churchills, only they did not happen
to settle at the West Side, and had gone a little more into active
business. But they did not lay claim to any special position or
grandeur. This had always seemed to mortify Mrs. Fairlie somewhat.
“Mr. Fairlie is so old-fashioned,” she would say complainingly. “There
was no getting him out of the one groove.” She wanted to make a
show, to have people admit that she was somebody.—She went to
church regularly and would have been much offended not to have
been considered an important member. She gave to the Christmas
and Easter feasts and adornings, but for the poor or the needy sick
she rarely evinced any sympathy. Her duty stopped at a certain
point, the rest of her time, money, and interest was distinctly her
own. So the husband and wife lived separate lives, as it were.
Would Richard’s fate repeat the same confused and tangled
story? No doubt his mother would desire him to marry well in worldly
point of view. She might even object to Fan on the score of money.
Would he have the courage to suit himself? For what he needed was
a sweet, domestic woman with the culture that did not disdain every
day matters. His tastes were simple and homelike, yet he was by no
means dull. He wanted a woman to honor him, to put him in his true
position as head of the family.
Would Providence bring him happiness, or discipline only?
CHAPTER XII.