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Introductory Chemistry Concepts and Critical Thinking 7Th Edition Corwin Test Bank Full Chapter PDF
Introductory Chemistry Concepts and Critical Thinking 7Th Edition Corwin Test Bank Full Chapter PDF
Key Terms
1) What is the theoretical temperature at which the kinetic energy of a gas is zero?
A) absolute zero
B) -100 °C
C) -273 °F
D) -273 K
E) none of the above
Answer: A
Section: Key Terms
2) What is the term for the pressure exerted by the gas molecules in air?
A) atmospheric pressure
B) gas pressure
C) partial pressure
D) vapor pressure
E) none of the above
Answer: A
Section: Key Terms
3) What principle states that equal volumes of gases, at the same temperature and pressure, contain equal
numbers of molecules?
A) Avogadro's theory
B) law of combining volumes
C) law of conservation of mass
D) law of constant composition
E) none of the above
Answer: A
Section: Key Terms
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5) Which of the following states that the pressure and volume are inversely proportional for a gas at
constant temperature?
A) Boyle's law
B) Charles's law
C) Dalton's law
D) Gay-Lussac's law
E) none of the above
Answer: A
Section: Key Terms
6) Which of the following states that the volume and Kelvin temperature are directly proportional for a
gas at constant pressure?
A) Boyle's law
B) Charles's law
C) Dalton's law
D) Gay-Lussac's law
E) none of the above
Answer: B
Section: Key Terms
7) Which of the following states that the pressure exerted by a gas is inversely proportional to its volume
and directly proportional to its Kelvin temperature?
A) Boyle's law
B) Charles's law
C) Gay-Lussac's law
D) combined gas law
E) none of the above
Answer: D
Section: Key Terms
8) Which of the following states that the pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of
the individual gas pressures?
A) Boyle's law
B) Charles's law
C) Dalton's law
D) Gay-Lussac's law
E) none of the above
Answer: C
Section: Key Terms
9) What is the term that describes the relationship between two variables such that when one variable
doubles, the other variable doubles?
A) directly proportional
B) inversely proportional
C) reciprocally proportional
D) theoretically proportional
E) none of the above
Answer: A
Section: Key Terms
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10) What is the term for gas molecules colliding with no change in total energy?
A) elastic collision
B) isokinetic collision
C) isothermal collision
D) molecular collision
E) none of the above
Answer: A
Section: Key Terms
11) What is the term that refers to the frequency and energy of gas molecules colliding with the walls of
the container?
A) atmospheric pressure
B) gas pressure
C) partial pressure
D) vapor pressure
E) none of the above
Answer: B
Section: Key Terms
12) Which of the following laws states that the pressure and Kelvin temperature are directly proportional
for a gas at constant volume?
A) Boyle's law
B) Charles's law
C) Dalton's law
D) Gay-Lussac's law
E) none of the above
Answer: D
Section: Key Terms
13) What is the term for a gas that obeys the kinetic theory under all conditions?
A) ideal gas
B) perfect gas
C) real gas
D) theoretical gas
E) none of the above
Answer: A
Section: Key Terms
14) What is the term for the constant R in the equation PV = nRT?
A) combined gas constant
B) ideal gas constant
C) real gas constant
D) universal gas constant
E) none of the above
Answer: B
Section: Key Terms
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15) Which of the following is described by the equation: PV = nRT?
A) Boyle's law
B) Charles's law
C) Gay-Lussac's law
D) ideal gas law
E) none of the above
Answer: D
Section: Key Terms
16) What is the term that describes the relationship between two variables such that when one variable
doubles, the other variable halves?
A) directly proportional
B) inversely proportional
C) reciprocally proportional
D) theoretically proportional
E) none of the above
Answer: B
Section: Key Terms
17) What is the term that describes gas molecules demonstrating ideal behavior?
A) gaseous state theory
B) ideal theory
C) kinetic theory
D) molecular theory
E) none of the above
Answer: C
Section: Key Terms
18) What is the term for the pressure exerted by an individual gas in a mixture of two or more gases?
A) atmospheric pressure
B) gas pressure
C) partial pressure
D) vapor pressure
E) none of the above
Answer: C
Section: Key Terms
19) What is the term for a gas that deviates from ideal behavior under conditions of low temperature and
high pressure?
A) ideal gas
B) perfect gas
C) real gas
D) theoretical gas
E) none of the above
Answer: C
Section: Key Terms
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20) What is the term for a gas at 273 K and 760 mm Hg pressure?
A) atmospheric temperature and pressure
B) experimental temperature and pressure
C) ideal gas temperature and pressure
D) standard temperature and pressure
E) none of the above
Answer: D
Section: Key Terms
23) What is the term for the pressure exerted by gaseous molecules above a liquid in a sealed container
when the rates of vaporization and condensation are equal?
A) atmospheric pressure
B) gas pressure
C) partial pressure
D) vapor pressure
E) none of the above
Answer: D
Section: Key Terms
24) What is the term for the technique of determining the volume of a gas by measuring the volume of
water it displaces?
A) displacement method
B) volume method
C) volume by displacement
D) volume by difference
E) none of the above
Answer: C
Section: Key Terms
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Questions for Chapter 10
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6) Which of the following does not express standard atmospheric pressure?
A) 29.9 in. Hg
B) 76 cm Hg
C) 760 torr
D) 29.9 psi
E) 101 kPa
Answer: D
Section: 10.2 Atmospheric Pressure
8) If a gas pressure gauge reads 32.0 psi, what is the pressure in inches of mercury?
A) 6.19 in. Hg
B) 15.7 in. Hg
C) 32.0 in. Hg
D) 65.1 in. Hg
E) 165 in. Hg
Answer: D
Section: 10.2 Atmospheric Pressure
9) If a gas pressure gauge reads 31.6 in. Hg, what is the pressure in millimeters of mercury?
A) 1.24 mm Hg
B) 12.4 mm Hg
C) 80.3 mm Hg
D) 719 mm Hg
E) 803 mm Hg
Answer: E
Section: 10.2 Atmospheric Pressure
10) If a barometer reads 535 mm Hg, what is the atmospheric pressure expressed in centimeters of
mercury?
A) 5.35 cm Hg
B) 53.5 cm Hg
C) 535 cm Hg
D) 5350 cm Hg
E) 53,500 cm Hg
Answer: B
Section: 10.2 Atmospheric Pressure
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11) If a barometer reads 76.5 cm Hg, what is the atmospheric pressure expressed in millimeters of
mercury?
A) 0.765 mm Hg
B) 7.65 mm Hg
C) 76.5 mm Hg
D) 765 mm Hg
E) 7650 mm Hg
Answer: D
Section: 10.2 Atmospheric Pressure
12) If a barometer reads 772 mm Hg, what is the atmospheric pressure expressed in pounds per square
inch?
A) 14.9 psi
B) 30.4 psi
C) 149 psi
D) 3990 psi
E) 39,900 psi
Answer: A
Section: 10.2 Atmospheric Pressure
13) If a steel scuba tank contains compressed air at 2250 psi, what is the pressure expressed in
atmospheres?
A) 2.96 atm
B) 29.6 atm
C) 75.3 atm
D) 153 atm
E) 3.31 x 104 atm
Answer: D
Section: 10.2 Atmospheric Pressure
14) If an aluminum scuba tank contains compressed air at 2750 psi, what is the pressure expressed in
inches of mercury?
A) 92.0 in. Hg
B) 187 in. Hg
C) 5590 in. Hg
D) 8.22 x 104 in. Hg
E) 1.21 x 106 in. Hg
Answer: C
Section: 10.2 Atmospheric Pressure
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15) If a vacuum pump reduces the pressure of a gas to 1.0 x 10-6 atm, what is the pressure expressed in
millimeters of mercury?
A) 1.3 x 10-9 mm Hg
B) 1.3 x 10-8 mm Hg
C) 3.0 x 10-5 mm Hg
D) 7.6 x 10-5 mm Hg
E) 7.6 x 10-4 mm Hg
Answer: E
Section: 10.2 Atmospheric Pressure
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20) Which of the following increases the pressure of a gas?
A) decreasing the volume
B) decreasing the temperature
C) decreasing the number of gas molecules
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
Answer: A
Section: 10.3 Variables Affecting Gas Pressure
22) Which of the following represents the graph of pressure versus volume for a gas at constant
temperature?
A) Graph (a)
B) Graph (b)
C) Graph (c)
D) Graph (d)
E) Graph (e)
Answer: A
Section: 10.4 Boyle's Law: Pressure-Volume Relationships
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23) A sample of neon gas at 1.20 atm compresses from 0.250 L to 0.125 L. If the temperature remains
constant, what is the final pressure in atm?
A) 0.600 atm
B) 1.00 atm
C) 1.20 atm
D) 2.40 atm
E) none of the above
Answer: D
Section: 10.4 Boyle's Law: Pressure-Volume Relationships
24) A sample of argon gas at 520 mm Hg expands from 0.150 L to 0.300 L. If the temperature remains
constant, what is the final pressure in mm Hg?
A) 260 mm Hg
B) 520 mm Hg
C) 760 mm Hg
D) 1040 mm Hg
E) none of the above
Answer: A
Section: 10.4 Boyle's Law: Pressure-Volume Relationships
25) A sample of krypton gas at 75.0 psi and 100 °C expands from 0.100 L to 0.450 L. Ifthe temperature
remains constant, what is the final pressure in psi?
A) 0.167 psi
B) 3.38 psi
C) 16.7 psi
D) 75.0 psi
E) 338 psi
Answer: C
Section: 10.4 Boyle's Law: Pressure-Volume Relationships
26) If the pressure of 1.50 L of hydrogen gas at 100 °C decreases from 0.500 atm to 0.115 atm, what is
the final volume? Assume temperature remains constant.
A) 0.345 L
B) 0.652 L
C) 1.50 L
D) 3.45 L
E) 6.52 L
Answer: E
Section: 10.4 Boyle's Law: Pressure-Volume Relationships
27) If the pressure of 50.0 mL of oxygen gas at 100 °C increases from 735 mm Hg to 925 mm Hg, what
is the final volume? Assume temperature remains constant.
A) 39.7 mL
B) 48.4 mL
C) 50.0 mL
D) 51.7 mL
E) 62.9 mL
Answer: A
Section: 10.4 Boyle's Law: Pressure-Volume Relationships
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28) If the pressure of 125 cm3 of nitrogen gas at 100 °C decreases from 885 torr to 225torr, what is the
final volume? Assume temperature remains constant.
A) 0.318 cm3
B) 4.92 cm3
C) 31.8 cm3
D) 492 cm3
E) 4590 cm3
Answer: D
Section: 10.4 Boyle's Law: Pressure-Volume Relationships
29) Which of the following represents the graph of volume versus Kelvin temperature for a gas at
constant pressure?
A) Graph (a)
B) Graph (b)
C) Graph (c)
D) Graph (d)
E) Graph (e)
Answer: D
Section: 10.5 Charles's Law: Volume-Temperature Relationships
30) A 5.00 L volume of methane gas is cooled from 298 K to 149 K. If the pressure remains constant,
what is the final volume in liters?
A) 2.50 L
B) 4.58 L
C) 5.00 L
D) 5.46 L
E) 10.0 L
Answer: A
Section: 10.5 Charles's Law: Volume-Temperature Relationships
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31) A 5.00 L volume of ethane gas is heated from 298 K to 596 K. If the pressure remains constant,
what is the final volume in liters?
A) 2.50 L
B) 4.58 L
C) 5.00 L
D) 5.46 L
E) 10.0 L
Answer: E
Section: 10.5 Charles's Law: Volume-Temperature Relationships
32) A 5.00 mL volume of methane gas is cooled from 60.0 °C to 30.0 °C. If the pressure remains
constant, what is the final volume in milliliters?
A) 2.50 mL
B) 4.55 mL
C) 5.00 mL
D) 5.50 mL
E) 10.0 mL
Answer: B
Section: 10.5 Charles's Law: Volume-Temperature Relationships
33) A 40.0 mL volume of ethane gas is heated from 25.0 °C to 50.0 °C. If the pressure remains constant,
what is the final volume in milliliters?
A) 20.0 mL
B) 36.9 mL
C) 40.0 mL
D) 43.4 mL
E) 80.0 mL
Answer: D
Section: 10.5 Charles's Law: Volume-Temperature Relationships
34) A sample of propane gas occupies 625 cm3 at 20.0 °C and 750 torr. What is the final volume in
cubic centimeters at -80.0 °C and 750 torr?
A) 156 cm3
B) 412 cm3
C) 519 cm3
D) 949 cm3
E) 2500 cm3
Answer: B
Section: 10.5 Charles's Law: Volume-Temperature Relationships
35) If a volume of air at 375 K increases from 10.0 L to 15.0 L, what is the final Kelvin temperature?
Assume pressure remains constant.
A) 153 K
B) 250 K
C) 344 K
D) 375 K
E) 563 K
Answer: E
Section: 10.5 Charles's Law: Volume-Temperature Relationships
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36) If a volume of nitrogen gas at 452 K decreases from 100.0 mL to 50.0 mL, what is the final Kelvin
temperature? Assume pressure remains constant.
A) 177 K
B) 226 K
C) 362 K
D) 723 K
E) 904 K
Answer: B
Section: 10.5 Charles's Law: Volume-Temperature Relationships
37) If a volume of nitric oxide gas at 25.0 °C increases from 2.00 L to 3.00 L, what is the final Celsius
temperature? Assume pressure remains constant.
A) -74 °C
B) 17 °C
C) 38 °C
D) 174 °C
E) 199 °C
Answer: D
Section: 10.5 Charles's Law: Volume-Temperature Relationships
38) If a volume of nitrous oxide gas at 45.0 °C decreases from 50.0 mL to 25.0 mL, what is the final
Celsius temperature? Assume pressure remains constant.
A) -114 °C
B) 23 °C
C) 159 °C
D) 363 °C
E) 636 °C
Answer: A
Section: 10.5 Charles's Law: Volume-Temperature Relationships
39) A sample of nitrogen dioxide gas occupies 625 cm3 at 70.0 °C and 15.0 psi. What is the final
Celsius temperature if the volume is 545 cm3 at 15.0 psi?
A) 26 °C
B) 61 °C
C) 80 °C
D) 120 °C
E) 299 °C
Answer: A
Section: 10.5 Charles's Law: Volume-Temperature Relationships
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40) Which of the following represents the graph of pressure versus Kelvin temperature for a gas at
constant volume?
A) Graph (a)
B) Graph (b)
C) Graph (c)
D) Graph (d)
E) Graph (e)
Answer: D
Section: 10.6 Gay-Lussac's Law: Pressure-Temperature Relationships
41) A sample of air at 7.50 atm is cooled from 448K to 224K. If the volume remains constant, what is
the final pressure?
A) 3.75 atm
B) 4.57 atm
C) 6.15 atm
D) 12.3 atm
E) 15.0 atm
Answer: A
Section: 10.6 Gay-Lussac's Law: Pressure-Temperature Relationships
42) A sample of air at 7.50 atm is heated from 224K to 448K. If the volume remains constant, what is
the final pressure?
A) 3.75 atm
B) 4.57 atm
C) 6.15 atm
D) 12.3 atm
E) 15.0 atm
Answer: E
Section: 10.6 Gay-Lussac's Law: Pressure-Temperature Relationships
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43) The pressure of an air sample at 190 K increases from 415 mm Hg to 830 mm Hg. What is the final
Kelvin temperature if the volume remains constant?
A) -42K
B) -166K
C) 95K
D) 380K
E) 653K
Answer: D
Section: 10.6 Gay-Lussac's Law: Pressure-Temperature Relationships
44) A sample of xenon gas at 786 mm Hg is cooled from 100.0 °C to 50.0 °C. If the volume remains
constant, what is the final pressure?
A) 153 mm Hg
B) 393 mm Hg
C) 681 mm Hg
D) 908 mm Hg
E) 1570 mm Hg
Answer: C
Section: 10.6 Gay-Lussac's Law: Pressure-Temperature Relationships
45) A sample of krypton gas at 3.50 atm is heated from 20.0 °C to 150.0 °C. If the volume remains
constant, what is the final pressure?
A) 0.467 atm
B) 1.79 atm
C) 2.42 atm
D) 5.05 atm
E) 26.3 atm
Answer: D
Section: 10.6 Gay-Lussac's Law: Pressure-Temperature Relationships
46) A sample of hydrogen sulfide gas occupies 205 mL at 25.0 °C and 319 mm Hg. If the volume
remains constant, what is the final pressure of the gas at -75.0 °C?
A) 106 mm Hg
B) 182 mm Hg
C) 212 mm Hg
D) 480 mm Hg
E) 957 mm Hg
Answer: C
Section: 10.6 Gay-Lussac's Law: Pressure-Temperature Relationships
47) The pressure of sulfur trioxide gas at 25 °C increases from 0.500 atm to 1.00 atm. What is the final
Celsius temperature if the volume remains constant?
A) -124 °C
B) 149 °C
C) 323 °C
D) 422 °C
E) 596 °C
Answer: C
Section: 10.6 Gay-Lussac's Law: Pressure-Temperature Relationships
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48) The pressure of a neon gas sample at 25 °C decreases from 1.00 atm to 0.500 atm. What is the final
Celsius temperature if the volume remains constant?
A) -124 °C
B) 149 °C
C) 323 °C
D) 422 °C
E) 596 °C
Answer: A
Section: 10.6 Gay-Lussac's Law: Pressure-Temperature Relationships
49) A sample of hydrogen bromide gas occupies 45.5 cm3 at 30.0 °C and 30.0 in. Hg. What is the final
Celsius temperature if the volume is 45.5 cm3 at 15.0 in. Hg?
A) -121 °C
B) 15 °C
C) 60 °C
D) 152 °C
E) 333 °C
Answer: A
Section: 10.6 Gay-Lussac's Law: Pressure-Temperature Relationships
50) If 5.00 L of argon gas is at 0.460 atm and -123 °C, what is the volume at STP?
A) 4.19 L
B) 4.94 L
C) 5.06 L
D) 5.49 L
E) 5.97 L
Answer: A
Section: 10.7 Combined Gas Law
51) If a 50.0 mL sample of xenon gas is at 0.921 atm and 27 °C, what is the volume of the gas at STP?
A) 41.9 mL
B) 49.4 mL
C) 50.6 mL
D) 54.9 mL
E) 59.7 mL
Answer: A
Section: 10.7 Combined Gas Law
52) If 7.75 L of radon gas is at 1.55 atm and -19 °C, what is the volume at STP?
A) 4.65 L
B) 5.37 L
C) 8.33 L
D) 11.2 L
E) 12.9 L
Answer: E
Section: 10.7 Combined Gas Law
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53) A sample of ammonia gas occupies 20.0 mL at 585 torr and 20.0 °C. If the volume of the gas is 50.0
mL at 50.0 °C, what is the pressure?
A) 212 torr
B) 258 torr
C) 585 torr
D) 1330 torr
E) 1610 torr
Answer: B
Section: 10.7 Combined Gas Law
54) A sample of laughing gas occupies 0.250 L at 14.7 psi and -80.0 °C. If the volume of the gas is
0.375 L at 25.0 °C, what is the pressure?
A) 6.35 psi
B) 14.3 psi
C) 15.1 psi
D) 31.4 psi
E) 34.0 psi
Answer: C
Section: 10.7 Combined Gas Law
55) A sample of ozone gas occupies 225 mL at 1.00 atm and 0 °C. If the volume of the gas is 625 mL at
25 °C, what is the pressure?
A) 0.330 atm
B) 0.360 atm
C) 0.393 atm
D) 2.54 atm
E) 3.03 atm
Answer: C
Section: 10.7 Combined Gas Law
56) A sample of carbon monoxide gas occupies 125 mL at 20.0 °C and 455 mm Hg. If the volume of gas
is 55.5 mL at 898 mm Hg, what is the Celsius temperature?
A) -207 °C
B) -16 °C
C) 18 °C
D) 257 °C
E) 1030 °C
Answer: B
Section: 10.7 Combined Gas Law
57) A sample of carbon dioxide occupies 1.65 L at -20.0 °C and 20.0 psi. If the volume of the gas is 2.65
L at 35.0 psi, what is the Celsius temperature?
A) 438 °C
B) 551 °C
C) 711 °C
D) 824 °C
E) 984 °C
Answer: A
Section: 10.7 Combined Gas Law
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58) If the temperature of a liquid increases, what happens to its vapor pressure?
A) increases
B) decreases
C) remains constant
D) unpredictable
E) none of the above
Answer: A
Section: 10.8 The Vapor Pressure Concept
59) If the temperature of a liquid decreases, what happens to its vapor pressure?
A) increases
B) decreases
C) remains constant
D) unpredictable
E) none of the above
Answer: B
Section: 10.8 The Vapor Pressure Concept
61) A beaker of water at 20 °C is placed in a closed container and a vacuum pump is used to evacuate
the air in the container. Why does the water begin to boil?
A) The atmospheric pressure is reduced.
B) The vapor pressure increases.
C) The vapor pressure decreases.
D) Air is released from the water.
E) none of the above
Answer: A
Section: 10.8 The Vapor Pressure Concept
62) A beaker of alcohol at 20 °C is placed in a closed container and a vacuum pump is used to evacuate
the air in the container. Why does the alcohol begin to boil?
A) The atmospheric pressure is reduced.
B) The vapor pressure increases.
C) The vapor pressure decreases.
D) Air is released from the alcohol.
E) none of the above
Answer: A
Section: 10.8 The Vapor Pressure Concept
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63) A beaker of ether at 20 °C placed in a closed container and a vacuum pump is used to evacuate the
air in the container. Why does the ether begin to boil?
A) The atmospheric pressure is reduced.
B) The vapor pressure increases.
C) The vapor pressure decreases.
D) Air is released from the ether.
E) none of the above
Answer: A
Section: 10.8 The Vapor Pressure Concept
64) If hydrogen gas is collected over water at 20 °C and 763 mm Hg, what is the partial pressure of the
H2? The vapor pressure of water at 20 °C is 17.5 mm Hg.
A) 17.5 mm Hg
B) 743 mm Hg
C) 746 mm Hg
D) 763 mm Hg
E) 781 mm Hg
Answer: C
Section: 10.9 Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures
65) If oxygen gas is collected over water at 25 °C and 775 torr, what is the partial pressure of the O2?
The vapor pressure of water at 25 °C is 23.8 torr.
A) 23.8 torr
B) 750 torr
C) 751 torr
D) 775 torr
E) 799 torr
Answer: C
Section: 10.9 Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures
66) If carbon dioxide gas is collected over water at 60 °C and 1.10 atm, what is the partial pressure of
the CO2? The vapor pressure of water at 60 °C is 0.197 atm.
A) 0.197 atm
B) 0.217 atm
C) 0.90 atm
D) 1.10 atm
E) 1.30 atm
Answer: C
Section: 10.9 Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures
67) A sample of air is composed of nitrogen, oxygen, and argon gases. If the partial pressure of nitrogen
is 587 mm Hg, oxygen is 158 mm Hg, and argon is 7 mm Hg, what is the total pressure?
A) 8 mm Hg
B) 100 mm Hg
C) 422 mm Hg
D) 752 mm Hg
E) 1512 mm Hg
Answer: D
Section: 10.9 Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures
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68) A sample of air contains nitrogen at 599 torr, oxygen at 154 torr, argon at 6 torr, and carbon dioxide.
Assuming standard pressure, what is the partial pressure of carbon dioxide gas?
A) 1 torr
B) 6 torr
C) 439 torr
D) 759 torr
E) 1519 torr
Answer: A
Section: 10.9 Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures
69) Stanley Miller provided evidence for the theory of evolution by simulating Earth's primordial
conditions. He excited methane, ammonia, hydrogen, and water vapor in a glass sphere with electricity
and UV light. If the partial pressures were 340 torr, 125 torr, 65 torr, and 100 torr, what was the total gas
pressure in the glass sphere?
A) 130 torr
B) 340 torr
C) 630 torr
D) 760 torr
E) 1390 torr
Answer: C
Section: 10.9 Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures
70) If 2.50 L of hydrogen gas is collected over water at 40 °C and 767 mm Hg, what is the volume of
dry hydrogen gas at STP? The vapor pressure of water at 40 °C is 55.3 mm Hg.
A) 2.04 L
B) 2.20 L
C) 2.68 L
D) 2.89 L
E) 3.06 L
Answer: A
Section: 10.9 Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures
71) If 68.0 cm3 of oxygen gas is collected over water at 45 °C and 765 mm Hg, what is the volume of
dry oxygen gas at STP? The vapor pressure of water at 45 °C is 71.9mm Hg.
A) 53.2 cm3
B) 58.8 cm3
C) 79.7 cm3
D) 82.7 cm3
E) 99.4 cm3
Answer: A
Section: 10.9 Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures
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72) If 77.0 mL of nitrogen gas is collected over water at 50 °C and 763 mm Hg, what is the volume of
dry nitrogen gas at STP? The vapor pressure of water at 50 °C is 92.5mm Hg.
A) 57.4 mL
B) 65.3 mL
C) 73.8 mL
D) 80.4 mL
E) 91.5 mL
Answer: A
Section: 10.9 Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures
73) Which of the following is true according to the kinetic theory of gases?
A) Molecules move randomly.
B) Molecules have elastic collisions.
C) Molecules occupy negligible volume.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
Answer: D
Section: 10.10 Ideal Gas Behavior
74) Which of the following is true according to the kinetic theory of gases?
A) Molecules lose energy after colliding.
B) Molecules remain in fixed positions.
C) Molecules are attracted to one another.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
Answer: E
Section: 10.10 Ideal Gas Behavior
75) Which of the following is true of an ideal gas according to the kinetic theory?
A) All molecules have the same velocity.
B) All molecules have the same kinetic energy.
C) Al molecular collisions have the same energy.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
Answer: E
Section: 10.10 Ideal Gas Behavior
22
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
77) What are the conditions for a real gas to behave most like an ideal gas?
A) high temperature, high pressure
B) high temperature, low pressure
C) low temperature, high pressure
D) low temperature, low pressure
E) none of the above
Answer: B
Section: 10.10 Ideal Gas Behavior
78) Which of the following represents the graph of kinetic energy versus the Kelvin temperature for an
ideal gas?
A) Graph (a)
B) Graph (b)
C) Graph (c)
D) Graph (d)
E) Graph (e)
Answer: D
Section: 10.10 Ideal Gas Behavior
79) At the same temperature, which of the following noble gases contains atoms with the fastest average
velocity?
A) Ne
B) Ar
C) Kr
D) Xe
E) The average velocity for each gas is the same.
Answer: A
Section: 10.10 Ideal Gas Behavior
23
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
80) At the same temperature, which of the following noble gases contains atoms with the slowest
average velocity?
A) Ne
B) Ar
C) Kr
D) Xe
E) The average velocity for each gas is the same.
Answer: D
Section: 10.10 Ideal Gas Behavior
81) At the same temperature, which of the following gases contains molecules with the fastest average
velocity?
A) hydrogen, H2
B) nitrogen, N2
C) oxygen, O2
D) ozone, O3
E) The average velocity is the same.
Answer: A
Section: 10.10 Ideal Gas Behavior
82) At the same temperature, which of the following gases contains molecules with the slowest average
velocity?
A) hydrogen, H2
B) nitrogen, N2
C) oxygen, O2
D) ozone, O3
E) The average velocity is the same.
Answer: D
Section: 10.10 Ideal Gas Behavior
83) At the same temperature, which of the following gases contains molecules with the fastest average
velocity?
A) carbon monoxide, CO
B) carbon dioxide, CO2
C) nitrogen monoxide, NO
D) nitrogen dioxide, NO2
E) The average velocity is the same.
Answer: A
Section: 10.10 Ideal Gas Behavior
24
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
84) At the same temperature, which of the following gases contains molecules with the slowest average
velocity?
A) carbon monoxide, CO
B) carbon dioxide, CO2
C) nitrogen monoxide, NO
D) nitrogen dioxide, NO2
E) The average velocity is the same.
Answer: D
Section: 10.10 Ideal Gas Behavior
85) What is the temperature at which an ideal gas exerts zero pressure?
A) 0 °C
B) 0 K
C) 273 °C
D) 273 K
E) none of the above
Answer: B
Section: 10.10 Ideal Gas Behavior
86) What is the temperature at which an ideal gas exerts zero pressure?
A) -273 °C
B) 0 K
C) absolute zero
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
Answer: D
Section: 10.10 Ideal Gas Behavior
87) What is the temperature at which an ideal gas occupies zero volume?
A) -273 °C
B) -273 K
C) 273 °C
D) 273 K
E) none of the above
Answer: A
Section: 10.10 Ideal Gas Behavior
88) How many moles of helium occupy a volume of 5.00 L at 227.0 °C and 5.00 atm? (R = 0.0821
atm•L/mol•K)
A) 0.609 mol
B) 1.64 mol
C) 5.00 mol
D) 25.0 mol
E) 6090 mol
Answer: A
Section: 10.11 Ideal Gas Law
25
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
89) How many moles of methane occupy a volume of 2.00 L at 50.0 °C and 0.500 atm? (R = 0.0821
atm•L/mol•K)
A) 0.0377 mol
B) 0.151 mol
C) 0.244 mol
D) 4.11 mol
E) 26.5 mol
Answer: A
Section: 10.11 Ideal Gas Law
90) If 1.06 mol of helium exert a pressure of 0.750 atm at 210.0 °C, what is the volume in liters? (R =
0.0821 atm•L/mol•K)
A) 0.00155 L
B) 24.4 L
C) 28.1 L
D) 56.0 L
E) 4160 L
Answer: D
Section: 10.11 Ideal Gas Law
91) If 0.250 mol of hydrogen gas occupies 0.333 L at 20.0 °C, what is the pressure in atmospheres? (R =
0.0821 atm•L/mol•K)
A) 0.00554 atm
B) 1.23 atm
C) 18.1 atm
D) 32.0 atm
E) 4750 atm
Answer: C
Section: 10.11 Ideal Gas Law
92) If 0.795 mol of ammonia gas occupies 24.5 L at 0.853 atm, what is the Celsius temperature? (R =
0.0821 atm•L/mol•K)
A) -71 °C
B) 5 °C
C) 47 °C
D) 278 °C
E) 320 °C
Answer: C
Section: 10.11 Ideal Gas Law
93) If a nitrogen gas sample occupies a volume of 2.55 L at 22.0 °C and 0.860 atm, what is the mass of
the N2 gas? (R = 0.0821 atm•L/mol•K)
A) 0.394 g
B) 1.27 g
C) 2.54 g
D) 5.13 g
E) 34.0 g
Answer: C
Section: 10.11 Ideal Gas Law
26
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
94) An unknown gas occupies a volume of 4.75 L at 1227 °C and 5.00 atm. If the mass is 5.45 g, what is
the molar mass of the gas? (R = 0.0821 atm•L/mol•K)
A) 21.5 g/mol
B) 23.8 g/mol
C) 28.3 g/mol
D) 141 g/mol
E) 344 g/mol
Answer: C
Section: 10.11 Ideal Gas Law
95) An unknown gas occupies a volume of 1.50 L at 21 °C and 0.950 atm. If the mass is 2.01 g, what is
the molar mass of the gas? (R = 0.0821 atm•L/mol•K)
A) 19.0 g/mol
B) 30.7 g/mol
C) 34.0 g/mol
D) 69.1 g/mol
E) 76.6 g/mol
Answer: C
Section: 10.11 Ideal Gas Law
96) An unknown gas occupies a volume of 1250 mL at 26 °C and 705 torr. If the mass is 2.37 g, what is
the molar mass of the gas? (R = 0.0821 atm•L/mol•K)
A) 14.0 g/mol
B) 43.2 g/mol
C) 50.2 g/mol
D) 67.5 g/mol
E) 78.4 g/mol
Answer: C
Section: 10.11 Ideal Gas Law
97) If the density of an unknown gas is 1.95 g/L at STP, what is the molar mass of the gas? (R = 0.0821
atm•L/mol•K)
A) 11.4 g/mol
B) 22.4 g/mol
C) 23.8 g/mol
D) 43.7 g/mol
E) 139 g/mol
Answer: D
Section: 10.11 Ideal Gas Law
98) According to Boyle's law, what happens to a gas as the volume increases?
A) The pressure decreases.
B) The pressure increases.
C) The temperature decreases.
D) The temperature increases.
E) none of the above
Answer: A
Section: General Exercises
27
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
99) According to Charles's law, what happens to a gas as temperature increases?
A) The pressure decreases.
B) The pressure increases.
C) The volume decreases.
D) The volume increases.
E) none of the above
Answer: D
Section: General Exercises
101) If a piston compresses a gas in a steel cylinder, what happens in the cylinder?
A) The volume decreases and the pressure decreases.
B) The volume decreases and the pressure increases.
C) The volume increases and the pressure decreases.
D) The volume increases and the pressure increases.
E) none of the above
Answer: B
Section: General Exercises
102) If a helium balloon is placed in a cold freezer, what happens in the balloon?
A) The temperature decreases and the volume decreases.
B) The temperature decreases and the volume increases.
C) The temperature increases and the volume decreases.
D) The temperature increases and the volume increases.
E) none of the above
Answer: A
Section: General Exercises
103) As an automobile travels the highway, what happens to the air inside the tires?
A) The temperature decreases and the pressure decreases.
B) The temperature decreases and the pressure increases.
C) The temperature increases and the pressure decreases.
D) The temperature increases and the pressure increases.
E) none of the above
Answer: D
Section: General Exercises
28
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
104) Which of the following explains why the pressure of a gas increases when the volume decreases,
and the temperature remains constant?
A) The velocity of molecules increases.
B) The collision frequency increases.
C) The kinetic energy increases.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
Answer: B
Section: General Exercises
105) Which of the following explains why the volume of a gas increases when the temperature
increases, and the pressure remains constant?
A) The velocity of molecules decreases.
B) The collision frequency increases.
C) The kinetic energy decreases.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
Answer: B
Section: General Exercises
106) Which of the following explains why the pressure of a gas decreases when the temperature
decreases, and the volume remains constant?
A) The velocity of molecules increases.
B) The collision frequency decreases.
C) The kinetic energy increases.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
Answer: B
Section: General Exercises
107) What happens to the pressure of a gas if the number of molecules increases twofold (volume and
temperature remain constant)?
A) The pressure decreases twofold.
B) The pressure decreases fourfold.
C) The pressure increases twofold.
D) The pressure increases fourfold.
E) The pressure remains constant.
Answer: C
Section: General Exercises
108) What happens to the volume of a gas if the number of molecules increases twofold (pressure and
temperature remain constant)?
A) The volume increases twofold.
B) The volume increases fourfold.
C) The volume decreases twofold.
D) The volume decreases fourfold.
E) The volume remains constant.
Answer: A
Section: General Exercises
29
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
109) If the partial pressure of oxygen gas in a blood capillary is 105 mm Hg, what is the pressure
expressed in centimeters of mercury?
A) 0.105 cm Hg
B) 1.05 cm Hg
C) 10.5 cm Hg
D) 1,050 cm Hg
E) 105,000 cm Hg
Answer: C
Section: General Exercises
110) If the partial pressure of carbon dioxide gas in a blood capillary is 45 mm Hg, what is the pressure
expressed in inches of mercury?
A) 0.059 in. Hg
B) 0.87 in. Hg
C) 1.8 in. Hg
D) 4.5 in. Hg
E) 1,100 in. Hg
Answer: C
Section: General Exercises
111) If a meteorologist reports a barometer reading of 28.2 in. Hg, what is the pressure expressed in
kilopascals?
A) 8.35 kPa
B) 71.7 kPa
C) 95.3 kPa
D) 105 kPa
E) 717 kPa
Answer: C
Section: General Exercises
112) A sample of helium gas has a volume of 1.00 L. If both the Kelvin temperature and pressure each
double, what is the final volume?
A) 0.250 L
B) 0.500 L
C) 1.00 L
D) 2.00 L
E) 4.00 L
Answer: C
Section: General Exercises
113) A sample of helium gas is at a temperature of 100 K. If both the volume and pressure each double,
what is the final Kelvin temperature?
A) 25 K
B) 50 K
C) 100 K
D) 200 K
E) 400 K
Answer: E
Section: General Exercises
30
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
114) A sample of helium gas is at a pressure of 1.00 atm. If both the volume and Kelvin temperature
each double, what is the final pressure?
A) 0.250 atm
B) 0.500 atm
C) 1.00 atm
D) 2.00 atm
E) 4.00 atm
Answer: C
Section: General Exercises
115) A 0.199-g sample of unknown metal (X) reacts with hydrochloric acid to produce 88.5 mL of "wet"
gas at 20 °C and 754 mm Hg. What is the unknown metal (X)? (The vapor pressure of water at 20 °C is
18 mm Hg.)
X(s) + 2 HCl(aq) → XCl2(aq) + H2(g)
A) Al
B) Cd
C) Fe
D) Mg
E) Zn
Answer: C
Section: General Exercises
116) A 0.122-g sample of unknown metal (X) reacts with hydrochloric acid to produce 77.5 mL of "wet"
gas at
20 °C and 754 mm Hg. What is the unknown metal (X)? (The vapor pressure of water at 20 °C is 18 mm
Hg.)
2 X(s) + 6 HCl(aq) → 2 XCl3(aq) + 3 H2(g)
A) Al
B) Cr
C) Mn
D) Ni
E) Ga
Answer: D
Section: General Exercises
117) A 0.160-g sample of unknown metal (X) reacts with hydrochloric acid to produce 66.5 mL of "wet"
gas at 20 °C and 754 mm Hg. What is the unknown metal (X)? (The vapor pressure of water at 20 °C is
18 mm Hg.)
X(s) + 4 HCl(aq) → 2 XCl4(aq) + 2 H2(g)
A) Al
B) Ti
C) Fe
D) Pb
E) Sn
Answer: E
Section: General Exercises
31
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
118) A 0.233-g sample of an unknown metal (X) reacts with water to produce 75.0 mL of "wet" gas at
25 °C and 763 mm Hg. What is the unknown metal (X)? (The vapor pressure of water at 25 °C is 24 mm
Hg.)
2 X(s) + 2 H2O(l) → 2 XOH(aq) + H2(g)
A) Ca
B) K
C) Na
D) Sr
E) Zn
Answer: B
Section: General Exercises
1) What is the term for global warming that results from trapping heat energy by gas molecules in the
upper atmosphere?
A) atmospheric effect
B) greenhouse effect
C) ozone effect
D) thermal effect
E) none of the above
Answer: B
4) Which of the following gases contributes to global warming from the burning of fossil fuels?
A) carbon dioxide, CO2
B) chloroflurocarbons, CFCs
C) methane, CH4
D) nitrogen oxides, NOx
E) none of the above
Answer: A
32
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
5) Why does cutting down trees and forests contribute to global warming?
A) Fewer trees remove less ozone from the air.
B) Fewer trees release less ozone into the air.
C) Fewer trees remove less carbon dioxide from the air.
D) Fewer trees release less carbon dioxide into the air.
E) all of the above
Answer: C
1) Which scientist is generally given credit for establishing the scientific method?
A) Robert Boyle
B) Jacques Charles
C) Joseph Gay-Lussac
D) Antoine Lavoisier
E) Evangelista Torricelli
Answer: A
2) What 17th century book discussed the foundations of the scientific method?
A) Elementary Treatise on Chemistry
B) Methods of Chemical Nomenclature
C) Scientific Investigations of Gases
D) The Sceptical Chymist
E) none of the above
Answer: D
33
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
4) What instrument was first used to demonstrate that a feather and a lump of lead are affected equally
by gravity and fall at the same rate?
A) aerometer
B) barometer
C) manometer
D) vacuum pump
E) none of the above
Answer: D
Critical Thinking
1) Which of the following best describes the distribution of helium atoms in a steel tank at 200 °C?
A) top of the tank
B) center of the tank
C) bottom of the tank
D) inner surface of the tank
E) randomly in the tank
Answer: E
2) Which of the following best describes the distribution of helium atoms in a steel tank at -200 °C?
A) top of the tank
B) center of the tank
C) bottom of the tank
D) inner surface of the tank
E) randomly in the tank
Answer: E
3) Which of the following best describes the distribution of helium atoms in a steel tank at -273 °C?
A) top of the tank
B) center of the tank
C) bottom of the tank
D) inner surface of the tank
E) randomly in the tank
Answer: C
4) Which of the following best describes the distribution of air molecules in a scuba tank at 20 °C?
A) top of the tank
B) center of the tank
C) bottom of the tank
D) inner surface of the tank
E) randomly in the tank
Answer: E
34
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
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iloisempaa."
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silloin."
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äkisti ja katsoi minuun niin selvästi ja ajattelevasti, että minä
tahtomattani säpsähdin ja yritin vastaamaan hänelle, mutta hän
jatkoi heti: "Minä, ystäväni, en ole tullut käytölliseksi mieheksi…
Minkäpä sille voi? Minä olen syntynyt haaveksijaksi…
Haaveksiminen, mielikuvitus… Mitä on mielikuvitus? Sohakevitsin
talonpoika [eräs henkilö Gogolin romaanissa: 'Kuolleet sielut'], se on
mielikuvitus… Voi voi!"
Me istuuduimme.
"Entä vanhempanne?"
"Äitini on kuollut, mutta isäni elää yhä vielä Pietarissa. Veljelläni on
paikka virastossa, ja Vanja asuu heidän tykönänsä."
"Ja puolisonne?"
"Eikö ole reipas pikku tyttö minulla?" jatkoi Sofia Nikolajevna. "Hän
ei pelkää mitään, ja hyvin sukkela hän on lukemaan, saatan minä
sanoa hänen kiitokseksensa."
"Mitä, lapseni?"
"Ei, ei mitään, minä sanon sitte perästä päin."
"Hän on kuollut."
"Olenko minä nähnyt häntä, äiti?" kysyi pikku tyttö hiljaa kuiskaten.
"Ei, et ole, Lydia. Ah, mikä vahinko", kertoi Sofia Nikolajevna vielä
kerran.
"Niin, sellainen hän oli", lausuin viimeksi, "se mies, joka nyt on
mennyt pois ilman kiitosta, huomiota ja ihmisten hyväksymistä! Ja
ehkäpä ei maksa vaivaakaan valitella tuota puutetta. Sillä mitäpä
merkitsee ihmisten kiitos? Mutta minusta tuntuu tuskalliselta, jopa
loukkaavaltakin, että sellaisen miehen, jolla on sydän niin täynnä
rakkautta ja hellyyttä, piti kuolla, saamatta kertaakaan maistaa
vastarakkauden autuutta, voimatta herättää hellää myötätuntoisuutta
yhdenkään naisen sydämmessä, joka olisi ollut kyllin arvokas
hänelle. Olkoonpa niinkin, että mies sellainen, kuin me muut, ei
myöskään saa maistaa tätä autuutta, hän ei sitä ansaitsekaan, mutta
Pasinkov! Ja enkö minä ole elämässäni tavannut monta sataa
miestä, joita ei käy millään tavalla verrata häneen, mutta joita
kuitenkin nuoret, jalot naiset ovat rakastaneet! Täytyykö viimeinkin
uskoa, että muutamia vikoja, esimerkiksi itserakkautta tai
kevytmielisyyttä, täytyy välttämättä olla miehessä, ennenkuin nainen
voi kiinnittää sydämmensä häneen? Taikka pelkääkö rakkaus
täydellisyyttä, minä tarkoitan: inhimillistä, täällä maan päällä
mahdollista täydellisyyttä, katsooko se sitä vieraaksi ja
vaaralliseksi?"
"Sentähden, että minä sen tiedän, että minä tiedän sen ihan
varmaan."
Sofia Nikolajevna aikoi sanoa jotakin, mutta pysyi vaiti. Hän näytti
taistelevan sisällistä taistelua itsensä kanssa.
"Hän juuri."
"Ei, ei mitään."
"Vai niin, no, sitte ei ole muuta tällä kertaa; saat mennä nyt."
"Mikä tyttö?"
"Kyllä hän piti hänestä aina. Ja tyttö, niin, kun hän sai tietää, että
herra oli kuollut, oli hän joutua surusta aivan mielettömäksi. Muuten
ei ole mitään sanottavaa hänestä. Hyvä ja kelpo tyttö hän on."
"On."
"Sen hän kirjoitti minulle", sanoi hän "kun hän vielä oli
Novgorodissa ja ryhtyi opettamaan minua lukemaan ja kirjoittamaan.
Katsokaa toisiakin kirjeitä. On siellä niitä Siperiastakin. Olkaa hyvä ja
lukekaa ne."
Minä luin kaikki kirjeet. Ne olivat kaikki kirjoitetut hyvin
ystävällisesti, jopa hellästikin. Ensimmäisessä Siperiasta lähetetyssä
kirjeessä nimitti Pasinkov Mariaa paraaksi ystäväkseen, lupasi
lähettää hänelle rahaa Siperian matkaa varten ja lopussa olivat
seuraavat rivit:
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antaessani tytölle kirjeet takaisin.
"Niin, kyllä hän piti paljon minusta", vastasi Maria kainosti ja kätki
kirjeet huolellisesti taskuunsa, kyynelien sill'aikaa hiljaa juostessa
pitkin hänen poskiansa. "Minä luotin aina häneen. Jos Jumala olisi
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Maria huokasi.