Semi-Detailed School Dawo Integrated School Grade Level 10

Lesson Plan Teacher Kimberly Ann Q. Bongoyan Learning Area Science

Date and Time February 27, 2023 (8:30-9:30 AM) Quarter Third
MELC Explain how protein is made using information from DNA. (S10LT-IIId-37)

I. Objectives
 Define protein synthesis;
 Describe the process of protein synthesis;
 Identify amino acids used in producing protein; and
 Construct an mRNA template and a protein given a gene/DNA strand which explains how protein is made using
information from DNA.

II. Subject Matter

A. Topic: Protein Synthesis
B. References: Science 10, SLM 4- Protein Synthesis, pp., 1-18
C. Materials: Laptop, PowerPoint Presentation, Pictures
D. Time Allotment: 60

III. Procedure

A. Daily Routine (3 minutes)

 Prayer
- Class, please stand. Let us pray. (Interfaith Prayer)
 Greetings
 - Good morning everyone! Please be seated.
 Checking of Attendance
- Is anyone absent today?
 Review
- What is RNA?
- What are the major steps of transcription of RNA to DNA?
- Explain the process of transcription of RNA to DNA.

B. Motivation (10 minutes)

Directions: Arrange the jumbled letters to its correct words.
1. RIUVS = VIRUS
2. PILRCTIOANE = REPLICATION
3. OTPRNIE = PROTEIN
4. DRHYEGNO = HYDROGEN
5. LCLSE = CELLS

C. Presentation of the Lesson

Our lesson for today is about Protein Synthesis. At the end of the lesson, each one of you should be able to:
 Define protein synthesis;
 Describe the process of protein synthesis;
 Identify amino acids used in producing protein; and
 Construct an mRNA template and a protein given a gene/DNA strand which explains how protein is made using
information from DNA.

D. Development of the Lesson (30 minutes)

We have learned that the DNA is the blueprint of every living thing. A person develops into what he/she is physically because
he/she possesses a complete set of DNAs inherited from both parents. Say for example a boy’s DNA contains the gene for being tall,
over most of his life especially during adolescence, the boy did grow tall as what is encoded or found in his genes or DNA. Another
case is when our life started. When an ovum (egg cell) is fertilized by a sperm cell, a new cell or a zygote is formed and a new life or a
new individual had started.
Imagine how a one-celled zygote/individual develops into a fully formed, newly born baby after 9 months. How did a one-celled
zygote developed into a fully formed human being? What is found in the zygote that enabled it to eventually develop into a complete
and normal human being? How did a single-celled zygote grow certain or specific body parts? How did we eventually come up with our
physical traits such as our height, skin complexion, hair color and many other genetic physical traits? What process bridges the gap
from the genes/DNA to our physical appearance or bodies?

How does a zygote eventually develop into a fully formed human being? How did it arrive at a particular stage in its
development having two arms, two legs and all the body and even behavioral features of a human being? How did the person’s
genes/DNA, inherited from the two parents, eventually shows in the offspring’s physical appearance? What enabled our inherited
genes to finally show up in our physical appearance? How did we grow tall, with black hair, brown eyes and with a brown complexion,
and many other traits?

The answers to these questions are PROTEINS. Proteins are complex biomolecules that make up most of our bodies. Hormones
which make changes in our bodies are proteins. There are hormones which make us grow tall, stimulate our body parts to grow,
mature and function. Enzymes that digest our food are proteins. Our hair and nails are made up of protein called keratin. Our DNA
contains all the codes/genes to make all the PROTEINS in our bodies.
 A person having tall genes will make proteins that will make him/her tall. This protein is a specific growth hormone. Genes are
found in the DNA. Genes are specific sections of the DNA which contains the instruction or code to make proteins. DNA are found
coiled in chromosomes and chromosomes are found in the centremost part of the cell called the nucleus. Proteins on the other hand
are created in tiny cell organelles called ribosomes found outside the nucleus and inside the cell.
Stages of Protein Synthesis
A. Transcription
Protein synthesis means protein production or creation. To make proteins, the genetic information in the DNA must go into the
ribosomes which are outside the nucleus. However, DNA molecules cannot go out of the nucleus and into the ribosomes. To solve this
problem, a different type of nucleic acid is produced called the messenger RNA (mRNA). Basically, the messenger RNA (mRNA)
copies the information found in the DNA and send it into a ribosome where the protein will be made.

Source: https://microbenotes.com/dna-transcription-rna-synthesis/
Source:https://useruploads.socratic.org/
7zdnrVShys0FkjjoCbDA_transcription.jpghttps://useruploads.socratic.org/
7zdnrVShys0FkjjoCbDA_transcription.jpg

How does a messenger RNA (mRNA) copy the original DNA template? We have to know that nucleic acids
have a pairing mechanism. In DNA, there are four nucleotides containing a particular nitrogen base and they are
as follows: Adenine, Thymine, Guanine and Cytosine. In DNA, Adenine always pair with Thymine and Guanine
always pair with Cytosine.
 In RNA, there is no Thymine instead it has Uracil. A messenger RNA nucleotide will pair with the exposed gene or DNA strand
that has the code or information to create the specific protein needed in our body. A DNA adenine will be paired by a messenger RNA
(mRNA) uracil. A DNA thymine will be paired by an mRNA adenine. A DNA guanine will be paired by an mRNA cytosine. And a
DNA cytosine will be paired by an mRNA guanine.
B. Translation
After transcription, a messenger RNA (mRNA) is created which is a copy of the code/information to make a
Translation
protein. The mRNA begins
then when the of
goes out messenger RNA
the nucleus reaches
into a ribosome.
the ribosome whereInside the ribosome,
the protein the mRNA is read
will be manufactured or by three bases called a
codon. The codon
synthesized in thewill be read
second andin order
final to determine
stage what amino
of protein synthesis acid
which is will be placed. Proteins are made up of amino acids. There are
transcription.
20 naturally occurring amino acids. A protein is a chain or series of amino acids held together by a chemical bond called peptide
bond. Basically, proteins are made up of building blocks called amino acids. And a specific sequence of these 20 amino acids creates a
specific protein having a specific shape and having a specific function. The function and property of a protein depends on the
sequence of the amino acids which is determined by the sequence of DNA and its mRNA copy.

Source: Source: https://o.quizlet.com/x1c3u-xL.0z0WF5AqV6GtQ_b.jpg

https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-perseus-images/c5957e0217ce7123259c1918c2f8b33
7b08783a0.png

A protein is formed inside a ribosome when the mRNA is read by three bases called a codon. Each
mRNA codon has a transfer RNA (tRNA) anticodon pair that brings a specific amino acid.
Inside the ribosome, the mRNA triplet codon is read and is paired by a transfer RNA (tRNA) that
carries a specific amino acid. This process continues until all the mRNA is read and the necessary amino
acids are brought and linked into proteins through a chemical bond called peptide bond.
 Here is how we can read an mRNA triplet codon and determine its specific amino acid using the Genetic Code below. Say for
example the mRNA codon which reads AUG.

Source:
https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-perseus-images/c5957e0217ce7123259c1918c2f8b33
The Genetic Code 7b08783a0.png

E. Generalization (2 minutes)
- The teacher will call some of the students to answer the following questions:
  What is protein synthesis?
 What are the stages of protein synthesis?
 What are the amino acids used in producing protein?
 Explain the process of protein synthesis.

F. Valuing/Application (5 minutes)

 How are proteins made using the information found in the DNA? (5 points)
 How important is protein synthesis in your body? (5 points)

IV. Assessment (10 minutes)

Directions: Given a gene or a DNA strand, create a complementary messenger RNA (mRNA) strand. Refer to the DNA-RNA base
pairing below. Then, from the mRNA strand create a protein by supplying the necessary amino acid for every mRNA triplet code.
Use the genetic code below to determine the amino acid.
V. Assignment
Directions: Answer the following questions. Write your answer on your notebook.

1. How are you going to boost the protein synthesis in your body?
2. How are you going to boost the amount of essential amino acids and proteins in your body?

REMARKS: _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

PROFICIENCY LEVEL:
Note: PL result of 74 below is
considered failed, therefore, you cannot proceed to the next lesson.

no. of passers
PL = × 100 PL = × 100 =
no. of students

Prepared by:

KIMBERLY ANN Q. BONGOYAN Noted by:

Subject Teacher
ROLANDO M. LACBO
Principal II